BUTONDO SECONDARY SCHOOL

GEOGRAPHY FIELD PROJECT.

TITLE

The impact of human activities on the environment (forest) a case study of

mufulira

NAME……………………………………PRIDE MWAPE

EXAM NUMBER……………………….190500900111

GRADE AND CLASS…………………….12D

SCHOOOOL………………………………….BUTONDO SECONDARY
SCHOOOL CODE…………………………..

EXAMINATION YEAR 2024

TEACHER……………………………………….MRS MALAMBO

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

FIRST AND FOR MOST IWANT TO GRANT MY SINCERE GRATITUDE TO THE

ALMIGHTY GOD FOR HIS MERCY AND KNOWLEDGE HE HAD GIVEN ME

 SECONDLY DEVELOPMENT OF THIS FIELD PROJECT WOULD NOT

HAVE BEE POSSIBLE AND SUCCESFUL WITHOUT THE INVOLVEMENT
AND COMMITMENT OF THESE PEOPLE .

MR AND MRS MWAPE: MY BELOVED PARENTS THANK YOU FOR THE

FINANCIAL AND ENCOURAGEMENT SURPPORT.

SPECIALTHANKS GOES TO MY TEACHER MRS MALAMBO. SHE

PLAYED AN IPORTANT ROLE IN MY PROJECT BECOUSE ALL THE
IDEAS FOR THE PROJEGT CAME FROM HER.
 DEDICATION
THIS WORK IS DEDICATEED TO MY FAMILY MEMBERS,FRIENDS AND
MY TEACHER FOR THEIR TIRELESS SUPPORT AND DAILY PRAYERS
WHICH MADE ME ACCOMPLISH THIS GREAT WORKSUCCESSFULLY
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………ii
DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………………….i
ii
CHARPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY………………………………………………………1
LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA……………………………………………………2
AIMS OF THE
STUDY……………………………………………………………………..3
OBJECTIVES OF THE
STUDY…………………………………………………………..3
RESEACH QUESTIONS……………………………………………………………………
3
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………….
……………………………………….4
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………………………….
5
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA
PRESENTATION…………………………………………………………………….6
CHAPTER FIVE
DATA
ANALYSIS………………………………………………………………………………8
CHAPTER SIX
CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………….1
2
RECOMMENDATION……………………………………………………………………12
CHAPTER SEVEN
EVALUATION………………………………………………………………………………..1
3
LIMITATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………
13
REFERENCES
………………………………………………………………………………….14
INTERVIEW QUESTIONS…………………………………………………………………
15
 CHARPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

FOREST ARE CRUCIAL ECOSYSTEM THAT SUPPORTS A DIVERSE
RANGE OF FLORA AND FAUNA ,REGULATECLIMATE,AND PROVIDES
NUMEROUSE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ESSENTIAL FOR HUMAN WELL
BEING. HOWEVER, HUMAN ACTIVITIES SUCH AS
DEFORESTANTION ,LOGGING, URBAN EXPANSION, AND
AGRICULTURE POSE A SIGNIFICANT THREAT TO FOREST
ECOSYSTEM WORLDWIDE. THIS FIELD PROJECT SEEKS TO EXPLORE
AND ANALYSE THE IMPACT OF THESE ACTIVITIES ON FOREST
HEALTH AND BIODIVERSITY.
 LOCATION OF THE STUDY
MUFURILA TOWN IS A DISTRICT OF ZAMBIA, LOCATED ON THE
COPPER BELT PROVINCE. THE TOWN OF MUFULIRA SITS AT AN
AVERAGE ELEVATION OF 1,273M ABOVE SEA LEVEL.MUFULIRA IS
LOCATED APPROXIMATELY 19 KILOMETRES SOUTHWEST OF THE
TOWN OF MOKAMBO AN ITNTERNATIONAL BORDER TOWM FOUND IN
THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO .A TARMAC HIGHWAY
TO THE SOUTH WEST THE 4M ROAD CONNECTS MUFULIRA TO
KITWE,43 KILOMETRES AWAY .

MUFULIRA IS CONNECTED TO THE MOKAMBO BORDER AND

EVENTUALLY THE LUAPULA PROVINCE OF ZAMBIA BY THE CONGO
PEDICLE ROAD. THE SECTION FROM MUFULIRA TO MOKAMBO IS
DESIGNATED AS THE M5 ROAD WHILE THE ROUTE THROUGH THE
CONGO PEDICLE TO THE CHEMBE BORDER BRIDGE IS NAMED THE
PEDICLE ROAD.

MUFURILA
 AIM OF THE STUDY
TO DETERMIN THE ENVIROMEMTAL EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES
ON THE LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN MUFULIRA DISTRICT OF ZAMBIA ON
THE COPPER BELT PROVINCE

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 TO IDENTIFY AND DOCUMENT HUMAN ACTIVITIES AFFECTING
THE LOCAL ENVIROMENT
 ANALYSE THE SPECIFIC IMPACT OF THESE ACTIVITIES ON THE
ECOSYSTEM
 EVALUATE THE LONG TERM CONSEQUENCES OF THESE IMPACT
 PROPOSE PRACTICAL SOLUTION TO REDUCE ENVIROMENTAL
DAMAGE

RESEARCH QUESTION
 WHAT IS THE CURRENT RATE OF DEFORESTATION IN THE STUDY
AREA
 HOW HAS THE EXTENT OF FOREST COVER CHANGED OVER PAST
DECADES
 WHAT ARE THE KEY SPECIES MOST AFFECTED BY FOREST LOSS

VCHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW
FOREST ECOSYSTEM PROVIDSNUMEROUS ECOLOGICAL, SOCIAL,
AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS, BUT ARE FACING UNPRECEDENTED
THREATS FROM HUMAN ACTIVITIES.

DEFORESTATION AND LAND USE CHANGES STUDIES HAVE

CONSISTENTLY SHOWN THAT DEFORESTATION ANDLAND USE
CHANGES ARE SIGNIFICANT DRIVERS OF FOREST DEGRADATION
AND LOSS .AGRICULTURE EXPANSION ,URBANIZATION AND
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ARE LEADING TO WIDE SPREAD
FOREST CLEARANCE AND FRAGMENTATION

LOGGING AND TIMBER EXTRACTION :SELECTIVE LOGGING AND

TIMBER EXTRACTION CAN ALTER FOREST STRUCTURE AND
COMPOSITION LEADING TO CHANGES IN BIODIVERSITY AND
ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES.ILLEGAL LOGGING AND ASSOCIATED
ACTIVITIES ALSO CONTRIBUTE TOFOREST DEGRADATION AND LOSS

URBANIZATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE

DEVELOPMENT :URBANIZATION AND INFRAASTRUCTURE CAN LEAD
TO FOREST FRAGMENTATION,HABIT LOSS, AND INCREASED HUMAN
WILDLIFE CONFLICT

THE ABOVE REASONS CANNOT BE GENERATED TO THE ZAMBIAN

SITUATION HENCE THE RESEARCH WAS UNDERTAKEN TO
LOCALISE IT AND TRY TO COME UP WITH SOME MITIGATION
MEASURES TO REDUCE THE EFFECTSC OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON
THE ENVIROMENT
 CHARPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

THE RESEARCH EMPLOYED BOTH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND

QUANTITAVE RESEARCH METHOD. THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
THAT WERE USED IN THE COLLECTION OF DATA WERE INTERVIEWS
SCHEDULES ALONGSIDE WITH OBSERVATION

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
A RANDOM SAMPLING TECHNIQUE WAS USED TO CHOOSE THE
PEOPLE TO BE INTERVIEWED IN THIS PROJECT REPORT. THE STUDY
SITE WAS OBSERVED AND INTERVIEWS CONDACTED TO TARGETED
RESPONDENTS IN THE AEA UNDER STUDY

DATA COLLECTION
SECONDARY RESOURCES FROM TEXT BOOK AND PRIMARY DATA
SOURCE WERE USED IN THE COLLECTION OF DATA. THE RESEACHER
ALSO VISITED THE AREA UNDER STUDY TO COLLECT DATA USING
INTERVIEWS GUIDS AS WELL AS THROUGH OBSERVATION ON THE
AREA UNDER STUDY.

INSTRUMENTATION
THE STUDY UTILISED A NUMBER OF INSTRUMENTS WHICH INCLUDE
THE SMART PHONE, INTERVIEWS, QUESTION GUIDE, OBSERVATION
SHEETS ,PENS AND NOT BOOKS.THE PEN, PENCIL AND NOT BOOKS
WERE USED IN WRITING DOWN DATA AND SKETCHING OF THE
TOWNSHIP. SSMART PHONES WERE USED IN TAKING PHOTOS
SHOWING CAMPUS DIRECTION AND USED FOR TIME CHECKING

DATA ANALYSIS
MUCH OF THE DATA COLLECTED WAS QUALITATIVE AND
QUANTITATIVE AND THUS IT WAS FIRST SUMMARISED AND SORTED
THE ANALYSED USING PIE CHART , TABLES AND BAR GRAPH.

CHARPTER FOUR
DATA COLLECTION
THE RESPONDETS INCLUDE 40%FEMALES AND 60% MALES WHICH
MADE THE RESULT NOT TO BE BASED IN TERMS OF GENDER THAT
WAS INCLUDED IN THE RESPONDENTS

POSITIVE EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE ENVIROMENT TO

THE LOCAAL COMMUNITY
THE TABLE BELOW SHOWS HOW PEOPLE BEFIT FROM FORESTS

AN HOW THE COMMUNITY PERCENTAG

BEFIT FROM FOREST E
1 IT IS A SOURCE OF 20%
FOOD SUCH AS FRUITS

2 Source of revenue when 50%

tourist come to visits
the forest

3 CREATS EMPLOYMENT 20%

TO PPEOPLE WHO
GUARD THE FOREST

4 SOURCE OF WOOD 10%

FUEL

PIE CHART SHOWING HOW THE COMUNITY

 Negative impact of human activities on the environment

1 Deforestation 50%
2 Land degradation 25%
3
Pollution 25%

BAR CHART SHOWING THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF HUMAN

ACTIVITIES ON THE ENVIROMENT
Data interpretation and analysis

Negative effect of human activities on the environment

Deforestation: this occurs mainly when clearing for for construction
and farming purposes and this same deforestation lead to droughts
and displacement of wild life which increases the rate of conflict
between humans and animals
B

Land degradation lead to soil missing its fertility and make the land
unproductive to some detain species of animals and plants
 Chapter six
Conclusion and recommendation
Conclusion

This field project has provided valuable insight into the impact of human
activities on forest ecosystem. The findings suggest that human activities
such as logging agriculture and urbanization have significantly altered
leading to

Habitat loss and fragmentation

Reduction in biodiversity

Soil erosion on and nutrient depletion

Recommendation

Sustainable forest management implement selective logging reforestation

and sustainable force management practices to minimize habitat loss and
fragmentation

Conservation effort establish protected areas wildlife corridors and

national parks to reduce deforestation habitat destruction

Policy reform encourage policy reforms and legislation that protect forest
ecosystem and promote sustainable land use practices
 CHAPTER SEVEN
EVALUATION

By evaluating these criterial we can understand the impact of human

activities on forest ecosystem and the effectivenesss of conservation
efforts and make informed decisions to improve forest conservation
and sustainable management practices

LIMITATION
Time and resource constraints limited my restrict the scope and
duration of the project
Access restrictions:difficulty in accessing remote or protected forest
areas may limit data collection data quality and accuracy limited data
availability accuracy and reliability may affect the project validity

Sampling bias: selecting sampling sites or respondents may not be

represent that I’ve of the entire forest ecosysystem