Adverbial clause of time:

When: Khi

Ví dụ: When the moon ascended, they exchanged vows beneath the shimmering night sky.

While: Trong khi

Ví dụ: While she was studying for her exams, her friends were out enjoying the sunshine.

After: Sau khi

Ví dụ: After she completed her morning jog, she treated herself to a nutritious breakfast.

Before: Trước khi

Ví dụ: The audience was captivated by the beautiful melodies played before the concert concluded.

As soon as: Ngay khi

Ví dụ: As soon as she heard the news, she rushed to share it with her friends.

Once: Một khi

Ví dụ: Once you understand the concept, solving the problems becomes much easier.

Until: Cho đến khi

Ví dụ: She won't join the meeting until she finishes her work.

Since: Kể từ khi

Ví dụ: The city skyline had fascinated them since they first arrived.

As: Khi, trong khi

Ví dụ: As they entered the museum, the guide began explaining the exhibits.

Exercise:
1. Choose the correct answer
1. Mary was not at home ________ Pete came to see her.

A. when B. until C. while

2. He worked ________ his boss told him to stop.

A. before B. after C. until

3. I went home _______ I left school.

A. as soon as B. before C. since

4. The police came to arrest the robber ___________ a man caught him.

A. before B. until C. after

5. My brother was making dinner ___________ I came home.

A. when B. while C. until

6. Corneus was playing football ____________ Phil was playing basketball.

A. when B. while C. until

7. The shop often opens early, so it opens _____________ I arrive.

A. after B. when C. before

8. Ichiban Confection always opens _____________ it is late at night.

A. before B. after C. until

9. ______ we visit the museum, a guide will give us information about the paintings.

A. when B. while C. since

10. ___________ she heard about the accident, she rushed to the hospital.

A. while B. as soon as C. until

11. I will buy that book ___________ I have enough money.

A. before B. after C. when

12. Carrie won’t be here ___________ she comes back from Canada tomorrow.

A. when B. while C. until

13. Aki usually eats a banana_____________ he finishes his training.

A. A. before B. after C. when

14. ______________ I get home, I go to sleep.

A. before B. as soon as C. while

15. Cris was playing football _______________ Lisa was at school.

A. when B. after C. while

2. Underline the independent clause and circle the dependent clause.

1. When it rains, she will not go out.

2. Jason was doing his homework while I was watching TV.

3. When the moon’s reaching out stars, we will go to the shopping center.

4. We won’t go camping until the area is safe.

5. I’ll wait for you here until you get back

6. The national park will be open as soon as we make sure that the lions are safe.

7. We finished the exam as soon as the bell rang.

8. We had lunch at the canteen before going to the cinema.

9. While Ryan is folding papers, Maya is doing shopping onine.

10. We rushed to the forest after the leader gave us a signal.

3. Combine each pair of sentences, using suitable conjunction

1. Harry is writing a letter. Jane is taking a shower. (while)

2. We had dinner with fish, pizza and pasta. Then we had fruits for dessert. (after)

3. The bookstore doesn’t have the new manga. They have to receive it first. (until)

4. We wear helmets to protect our heads. We work at a construction site. (when)

5. I will finish chapter 1. Then I will read chapter 2. (before)

6. The fire broke out. Many people escaped to safety. (after)

7. Faros was waiting at the airport. Then I came. (when)

8. He was walking the dog. I was swimming in the pool. (while)

Adverbs of frequency
• Always: luôn luôn

• Usually: thường xuyên

• Often: thường

• Sometimes: đôi khi

• Rarely: hiếm khi

• Hardly ever: rất hiếm khi

• Never: không bao giờ

1. Make sentences with the given adverb of frequency

1. We visit the museum on weekends. (sometimes)

2. He eats ice cream in the park. (usually)

3. They play soccer in the evening. (often)

4. She watches movies at home. (rarely)

5. I listen to music before bedtime. (frequently)

6. Do you study English? (always)

7. They take a vacation in the winter. (hardly ever)

8. Where does she have lunch? (usually)

9. How does he go to the gym? (often)

10. We go hiking in the mountains. (rarely)

11. I read novels. (sometimes)

12. She travels abroad. (usually)

13. We go to the beach. (often)

14. They eat sushi. (rarely)

15. I practice yoga. (daily)

16. Do they watch TV? (never)

17. He takes a nap. (occasionally)

18. Where do you have dinner? (usually)

19. How does she go to work? (regularly)

20. We visit our grandparents. (seldom)

2. Reorder the words to make sentences

1. sometimes / watch / They / TV / in the evening.

2. always / does / her / homework / She.

3. rarely / He / to / the park / goes.

4. never / eat / We / junk food.

5. often / He / late / stays / at work.

6. usually / I / coffee / in the morning / drink.

7. play / They / games / on weekends / often.

8. seldom / She / early / for work / arrives.

9. always / He / his dog / in the park / walks.

10. rarely / They / go / to the beach / in winter.

11. occasionally / read / She / a book.

12. in winter / They / go / skiing / never.

13. play / We / board games / usually / on Sundays.

14. always / brushes / He / his teeth / before bed.

15. rarely / eat / They / out / on weekdays.

16. jogs / She / every morning / in the park.

17. watch / We / movies / at home / on Fridays / often.

18. attends / He / church / on Sundays / regularly.

19. go / They / to the gym / three times a week / usually.

20. in the afternoon / He / takes / a nap / sometimes.

Present simple vs Future simple

Hiện tại đơn
- Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc diễn ra
thường xuyên, lặp đi lặp lại hay một thói quen
- Diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý
- Diễn tả sự việc sẽ xảy xa theo lịch trình, thời
gian biểu rõ ràng như giờ tàu, máy bay chạy…
- Diễn tả suy nghĩ, cảm xúc, cảm giác.
Dấu hiệu: always, usually, often, sometimes,
everyday/ week/ month/ year, once, twice,
never, …
Tương lai đơn
- Nói về một hành động hay một sự việc sẽ xảy
ra trong tương lai.
- Diễn tả một quyết định, một ý định nhất thời
xảy ra ngay tại thời điểm nói
- Diễn tả một dự đoán không có căn cứ.
- Diễn tả một lời hứa hay lời yêu cầu, đề nghị
- Sử dụng trong điều kiện loại một, diễn tả một
giả định có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại và tương lai
Dấu hiệu: tomorrow, next day/ week/ month/
year, soon, perhaps, …

Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct verb form.

1. I (think) ____________ that mountain-climbing is very dangerous.

2. My father (like) ____________ collecting stamps so much.

3. She (take) ____________ a lot of photos when she (go) ____________ on holidays.

4. I like drawing very much. My hobby is (paint) ____________.

5. My mother says when she (retire) ____________, she (go) ____________ back to her village to do
the gardening.

6. ____________ your sister (like) (make) ____________ model in her free time?

7. My brother (promise) ____________ that he (give) ____________ me a nice doll on my birthday.

8. Duong says he loves horse-riding but he (not/ continue) ____________ this hobby from next year.

9. My aunt (play) ____________ the guitar once a week.

10. Don't worry. I (dance) ____________ with you next Sunday.

11. If we (manage) _____________ to finish our work, we (go) _____________ to Paris this
weekend.

12. I (not/ go) _____________ outside until it (stop) _____________ raining.

13. If Sandra (work) _____________ enough for her exam, she (probably/ pass) _____________ it.

14. We (buy) _____________ a new house when we (have) _____________ enough money.

15. They (build) _____________ a new school when the plans (be) accepted.

16. Some animal species (disappear) _____________ if governments _____________ (not/ take)
measures against poaching or overhunting.

17. If you _____________ (leave) now, you _____________ (catch) the bus.

18. She _____________ (take) a photo as soon as she _____________ (find) her camera.

19. Eric _____________ (lend) you his power bank if you _____________ (ask) him.

20. We _____________ (wait) until Alex _____________ (get) here.

21. If it _____________ (rain), we _____________ (wear) a raincoat.

22. If they _____________ (book) the hotel today, they _____________ (pay) only $50.

23. Lisa _____________ (to be) very happy if we _____________ (buy) her some cupcakes.

24. He _____________ (phone) you after he _____________ (finish) his dinner.

25. If it _____________ (to be) cold outside, I _____________ (read) a book at home.

Exercise 2: Choose the correct verb form or tense

1. I’m told you are ill. I hope you ________ better again.

a. will feel b. feel c. are feeling d. don’t feel

2. ______ you ______ to school every morning?

a. Does ... walk b. Do ... walk c. Will... walk d. Are ... walking

3. You needn’t wear your coat. It ________ cold today.

a. will be b. won’t be c. doesn’t be d. is

4. Fire needs oxygen to burn. It ________ without oxygen.

a. burns b. burn c. don’t burn d. doesn’t burn

5. We ________ swimming because it’s fun and good exercise.

a. like b. are liking c. will like d. liked

Exercise 3: Put the verbs in brackets in Present Simple and Future Simple

1. We __________ (have) English twice a week.

2. Brenda __________ (visit) the dentist next Monday.

3. My house is old. I __________ (buy) a new one.

4. I like books. I always __________ (read) before going to bed.

5. Jessy __________ (go) to the sports center every week.

6. Lucy __________ (love) animals. She __________ (be) a vet when she grows up.

7. Her father __________ (work) in a hospital.

8. The sky is grey. I think it __________ (rain)

9. Tom __________ (play) computer games every day.

10. It often __________ (rain) in autumn in this country.

11. I __________ (meet) with my friends every weekend. Next weekend we __________ (go) to the
sea.

12. Jim and Kate are in love. They __________ (get married) next month.

13. Alex __________ (prefer) tea to coffee.

14. Cats __________ (drink) milk.

15. I think my daughter __________ (pass) all her exams because she is such a good student.

16. I __________ (not do) it again, I promise!

17. If you heat chocolate, it __________ (melt).

18. People __________ (live) on Mars in the future.

19. The plane __________ (fly) to Manchester every Tuesday.

20. The sun __________ (rise) in the east.

21. Tagore ________________ (not/eat) meat because he is a vegan.

22. My dad __________________ (travel) to England next year.

23. The ship __________________ (leave) the port at 10.00.

24. I __________________________ (become) a teacher someday.

Present continuous

I. Cấu trúc

Chủ ngữ số ít/ I/He/She/It Chủ ngữ số nhiều/ you/ we/

they
Khẳng định S + was + Ving S + were + Ving
Phủ định S + was not + Ving S + were not + Ving
Câu hỏi (WH) + was + S + Ving (WH) + were + S + Ving

II. Cách sử dụng

- Một hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ.

Ví dụ: I was having dinner at 6 p.m. yesterday.

- Một hành động đang diễn ra thì có một hành động khác chen ngang làm gián đoạn nó. Chúng ta sử
dụng thì quá khứ đơn cho hành động chen ngang đó.

Ví dụ: When/ While we were watching TV, we felt the earthquake.

Chú ý:

- Chúng ta có thể sử dụng when hoặc while trước thì quá khứ tiếp diễn.

- Chúng ta chỉ sử dụng when trước quá khứ đơn.

Exercise 1: Make the positive or negative past continuous

1. At this time last year, they _____________________________(build) this house.

2. I _________________________________(drive) my car very fast when you called me.

3. I ________________________________(chat) with my friends while my teacher

_______________________________(teach) the lesson yesterday.

4. My father _________________________________________(watch) TV when I got home.

5. At this time yesterday, I _____________________________(prepare) for my son's birthday party.

6. What________________ you __________________(do) at 8 pm yesterday?

7. Where you ____________________________(go) when I saw you last weekend?

8. They _______________________________(not go) to school when I met them yesterday.

9. My mother ___________________________(not do) the housework when my father came home.

10. My sister ______________________________(read) books while my brother (play) football

yesterday afternoon.

Exercise 2: Choose the correct tense

1. I saw/ was seeing the accident when I was waiting for the taxi.

2. What were you doing/ did you do when I phoned?

3. They didn't visit/ weren't visiting their friends last summer holiday.

4. It rained/ was raining heavily last July.

5. While people were talking to each other, he read/ was reading his book.

6. Chris was eating/ ate pizza every weekend last month.

7. While we were running/ ran in the park, Mary fell over.

8. Did you find/ Were you finding your keys yesterday?

9. Who was she dancing/ did she dance with at the party last night?

10. They were watching/ watched football on TV all day.

Exercise 3: Complete the following paragraph using past simple or past continuous

In my last holiday, I went to Hawaii. When I (go) 1..........................................to the beach for the first
time, something wonderful happened. I (swim) 2........................................................in the sea while
my mother was sleeping in the sun. My brother was building a castle and my father (drink)
………………………………………………………… 3 some water. Suddenly I (see) 4....................................a boy
on the beach. His eyes were blue like the water in the sea and his hair (be)
5.......................................beautiful black. He was very tall and thin and his face was brown. My heart
(beat) 6...............................................................fast. I (ask) 7.................................................him for his
name with a shy voice. He (tell) 8..........................................me that his name was John. He (stay)
9........................................with me the whole afternoon. In the evening, we met again. We ate pizza
in a restaurant. The following days we (have) 10…………………………………............a lot of fun together.
At the end of my holidays when I left Hawaii I said good-bye to John. We had tears in our eyes. He
wrote to me a letter very soon and I answered him.

Exercise 4: Find a mistake in each sentence

1. I was play football when she called me.

2. Was you study Math at 5 p.m. yesterday?

3. What was she do while her mother was making lunch?

4. Where did you went last Sunday?

5. They weren't sleep during the meeting last Monday.

6. He got up early and have breakfast with his family yesterday morning.

7. She didn't broke the flower vase. Tom did.

8. Last week my friend and I go to the beach on the bus.

9. While I am listening to music, I heard the doorbell.

10. Peter turn on the TV, but nothing happened.