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Index of Applications
Engineering and Physical Explorer 1, 698 Moving shadow, 159, 160, 162, 163
Sciences Explorer 18, 745 Muzzle velocity, 761
Explorer 55, 698 Navigation, 699, 761
Acceleration, 128, 132, 160, 162, 180, Falling object, 312, 434, 437 Newton’s Law of Cooling, 419, 422
257, 910 Ferris wheel, 870 Newton’s Law of Gravitation, 1045
Air pressure, 440 Field strength, 548 Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation,
Air traffic control, 158, 750, 854 Flight control, 159 487, 492, 854
Aircraft glide path, 197 Flow rate, 290, 294, 307, 351, 1109 Oblateness of Saturn, 473
Angle of elevation, 155, 159, 160 Fluid force, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 513, Ohm’s Law, 241
Angular rate of change, 381 514, 546, 549 Oil leak, 294
Angular speed, 38, 381 Force, 293, 509, 774, 775, 785, 786 Orbit
Apparent temperature, 903 Free-falling object, 72, 96 of Earth, 698
Archimedes’ Principle, 514 Frictional force, 862, 866 of the moon, 690
Architecture, 698 Fuel efficiency, 581 of a satellite, 698, 731, 870
Asteroid Apollo, 742 Gauss’s Law, 1107, 1109 Orbital speed, 854
Atmospheric pressure and altitude, 323, Geography, 807, 817 Parabolic reflector, 688
349, 955 Gravitational fields, 1045 Particle motion, 132, 291, 294, 295, 698,
Automobile aerodynamics, 30 Gravitational force, 581 717, 827, 835, 837, 844, 853, 854,
Average speed, 44, 93 Halley’s Comet, 698, 741 865
Average temperature, 988, 1039 Hanging power cables, 393, 397 Path
Average velocity, 116 Harmonic motion, 142, 163, 349 of a ball, 706, 842
Beam deflection, 697 Heat equation, 901 of a baseball, 709, 841, 842, 843, 864
Beam strength, 226 Heat flux, 1128 of a football, 843
Boyle’s Law, 493, 512 Heat transfer, 332 of a projectile, 186, 716, 842, 843
Braking load, 778 Heat-seeking particle, 925, 930 of a shot, 843
Breaking strength of a steel cable, 360 Height Pendulum, 142, 241, 910
Bridge design, 698 of a Ferris wheel, 40 Planetary motion, 745
Building design, 453, 571, 1012, 1040, of a man, 581 Planetary orbits, 691
1068 rate of change of, 157 Power, 173, 910
Cable tension, 761, 769 Highway design, 173, 197, 870 Producing a machine part, 463
Carbon dating, 421 Honeycomb, 173 Projectile motion, 164, 241, 679, 709,
Center of mass, 504 Hooke’s Law, 487, 491, 512 761, 840, 842, 843, 851, 853, 854,
Centripetal acceleration, 854 Hydraulics, 1005 864, 868, 870, 917
Centripetal force, 854 Hyperbolic detection system, 695 Psychrometer, 844
Centroid, 502, 503, 527 Hyperbolic mirror, 699 Radioactive decay, 352, 417, 421, 430,
Charles’s Law, 78 Ideal Gas Law, 883, 903, 918 440
Chemical mixture problem, 435, 437 Illumination, 226, 246 Rectilinear motion, 257
Chemical reaction, 430, 558, 967 Inductance, 910 Refraction of light, 963
Circular motion, 844, 852 Kepler’s Laws, 741, 742, 866 Resultant force, 758, 760, 761
Comet Hale-Bopp, 745 Kinetic and potential energy, 1075, 1078 Resultant velocity, 758
Construction, 158, 769 Law of Conservation of Energy, 1075 Ripples in a pond, 29, 153
Cooling superconducting magnets with Length Rotary engine, 747
liquid helium, 78 of a cable, 477, 481 Satellite antenna, 747
Cycloidal motion, 844, 853 of Gateway Arch, 482 Satellites, 131
Dissolving chlorine, 85 of pursuit, 484 Sending a space module into orbit, 488,
Doppler effect, 142 of a stream, 483 575
Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity of warblers, 585 Solar collector, 697
and Newton’s First Law of Motion, Linear vs. angular speed, 160, 163 Sound intensity, 323, 422
207 Load supports, 769 Specific gravity of water, 198
Electric circuit, 371, 414, 434, 437 Lunar gravity, 257 Speed of sound, 286
Electric force, 492 Machine design, 159 Surveying, 241, 565
Electric force fields, 1045 Machine part, 471 Suspension bridge, 484
Electric potential, 882 Magnetic field of Earth, 1054 Temperature, 18, 180, 208, 322, 340,
Electrical resistance, 189, 910 Mass, 1059, 1065, 1066 413, 963
Electricity, 159, 307 on the surface of Earth, 494 normal daily maximum in Chicago,
Electromagnetic theory, 581 Mechanical design, 453, 797 142
Electronically controlled thermostat, 29 Meteorology, 883 at which water boils, 323
Emptying a tank of oil, 489 Motion Temperature distribution, 882, 902, 925,
Engine design, 1067 of a liquid, 1122, 1123, 1127 930, 968
Engine efficiency, 207 of a spring, 531 Theory of Relativity, 93
Escape velocity, 98, 257 Moving ladder, 93, 158 Topography, 875, 929, 930
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DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS
Tear out Formula Cards for Homework Success.
Basic Differentiation Rules

d d d
1. [cu] = cu′ 2. [u ± v] = u′ ± v′ 3. [uv] = uv′ + vu′
dx dx dx
vu′ − uv′
[]
d u d d n
4. = 5. [c] = 0 6. [u ] = nun−1u′
dx v v2 dx dx
d d
7. [x] = 1 8. [ u ] = uu (u′), u ≠ 0
∣∣ 9.
d
[ln u] =
u′
dx dx ∣∣ dx u
d u d u′ d u
10. [e ] = e uu′ 11. [loga u] = 12. [a ] = (ln a)auu′
dx dx (ln a)u dx
d d d
13. [sin u] = (cos u)u′ 14. [cos u] = − (sin u)u′ 15. [tan u] = (sec2 u)u′
dx dx dx
d d d
16. [cot u] = − (csc2 u)u′ 17. [sec u] = (sec u tan u)u′ 18. [csc u] = − (csc u cot u)u′
dx dx dx
d u′ d −u′ d u′
19. [arcsin u] = 20. [arccos u] = 21. [arctan u] =
dx √1 − u2 dx √1 − u2 dx 1 + u2
d −u′ d u′ d −u′
22. [arccot u] = 23. [arcsec u] = 24. [arccsc u] =
dx 1 + u2 dx u √u2 − 1 ∣∣ dx u √u2 − 1 ∣∣
d d d
25. [sinh u] = (cosh u)u′ 26. [cosh u] = (sinh u)u′ 27. [tanh u] = (sech2 u)u′
dx dx dx
d d d
28. [coth u] = − (csch2 u)u′ 29. [sech u] = − (sech u tanh u)u′ 30. [csch u] = − (csch u coth u)u′
dx dx dx
d u′ d u′ d u′
31. [sinh−1 u] = 32. [cosh−1 u] = 33. [tanh−1 u] =
dx √u2 + 1 dx √u2 − 1 dx 1 − u2
d u′ d −u′ d −u′
34. [coth−1 u] = 35. [sech−1 u] = 36. [csch−1 u] =
dx 1 − u2 dx u√1 − u2 dx u √1 + u2 ∣∣
Basic Integration Formulas
1. ∫ kf (u) du = k f (u) du ∫ 2. ∫ [ f (u) ± g(u)] du = ∫ f (u) du ± ∫ g(u) du
3. ∫ du = u + C 4. ∫ u n du =
u n+1
n+1
+ C, n ≠ −1
5. ∫ du
u
= ln u + C ∣∣ 6. ∫ eu du = eu + C
7. ∫ au du =
1
ln a ( )
au + C 8. ∫ sin u du = −cos u + C
9. ∫ cos u du = sin u + C 10. ∫ tan u du = −ln cos u + C ∣ ∣

11. ∫ cot u du = ln sin u + C ∣ ∣ 12. ∫ ∣
sec u du = ln sec u + tan u + C ∣
13. ∫ csc u du = −ln csc u + cot u + C∣ ∣ 14. ∫ sec2 u du = tan u + C
15. ∫ csc2 u du = −cot u + C 16. ∫ sec u tan u du = sec u + C

© Cengage Learning
17. ∫ csc u cot u du = −csc u + C 18. ∫ du

√a2 −u2
u
= arcsin + C
a
19. ∫ du 1
a2 + u2 a
u
= arctan + C
a
20. ∫ du
u√u − a
2 2
1
= arcsec
a
u
a
+C
∣∣
TRIGONOMETRY
Definition of the Six Trigonometric Functions

Right triangle definitions, where 0 < θ < π2. y
opp hyp
sin θ = csc θ =
Hy
pot
e n use hyp
Opposite opp (− 12 , 23 ) π (0, 1) ( 12 , 23 )
adj hyp
(− 22 , 22 ) 3π 23π 2 π3 π ( 22 , 22 )
90°
cos θ = sec θ =
θ hyp adj
120° 60°
Adjacent
tan θ =
opp
adj
cot θ =
adj
opp
(− 23 , 12) 56π 4150°135° 45°
4 π
30°
6 ( 23 , 21)
Circular function definitions, where θ is any angle. 0° 0 x
y y r (− 1, 0) π 180° 360° 2π (1, 0)
sin θ = csc θ = 210° 330°
r y
(x, y)
r = x2 + y2
x r (− 23 , − 12) 76π 5π 225°240° 300°315°7π 116π ( 23 , − 21)
r cos θ = sec θ =
y
x
θ
x
r
y
x
x
(− 22 , − 22 ) 4 43π 270° 32π 53π 4 ( 22 , − 22 )
tan θ =
x
cot θ =
y (− 12 , − 23 ) (0, − 1) ( 2 , − 2 )
1 3
Reciprocal Identities Double-Angle Formulas

1 1 1 sin 2u = 2 sin u cos u
sin x = cos x = tan x =
csc x sec x cot x cos 2u = cos2 u − sin2 u = 2 cos2 u − 1 = 1 − 2 sin2 u
1 1 1 2 tan u
csc x = sec x = cot x = tan 2u =
sin x cos x tan x 1 − tan2 u
Quotient Identities Power-Reducing Formulas
sin x cos x 1 − cos 2u
tan x = cot x = sin2 u =
cos x sin x 2
1 + cos 2u
Pythagorean Identities cos u =
2
2
sin2 x + cos2 x = 1 1 − cos 2u
tan u =
2
1 + tan2 x = sec2 x 1 + cot2 x = csc2 x 1 + cos 2u
Cofunction Identities Sum-to-Product Formulas
sin(π2 − x) = cos x cos(π2 − x) = sin x sin u + sin v = 2 sin(u +2 v) cos(u −2 v)
u+v u−v
sin u − sin v = 2 cos( ) sin(
2 )
π π
csc( − x) = sec x tan( − x) = cot x
2 2 2
u+v u−v
cos u + cos v = 2 cos(
2 )
cos(
2 )
π π
sec( − x) = csc x cot( − x) = tan x
2 2
u+v u−v
cos u − cos v = −2 sin(
2 ) ( 2 )
Even/Odd Identities sin
sin(−x) = −sin x cos(−x) = cos x
csc(−x) = −csc x tan(−x) = −tan x Product-to-Sum Formulas
1
sec(−x) = sec x cot(−x) = −cot x sin u sin v = [cos(u − v) − cos(u + v)]
2
Sum and Difference Formulas 1
© Cengage Learning
cos u cos v = [cos(u − v) + cos(u + v)]

sin(u ± v) = sin u cos v ± cos u sin v 2
1
cos(u ± v) = cos u cos v ∓ sin u sin v sin u cos v = [sin(u + v) + sin(u − v)]
2
tan u ± tan v
tan(u ± v) = 1
1 ∓ tan u tan v cos u sin v = [sin(u + v) − sin(u − v)]
2
Ron Larson
The Pennsylvania State University
The Behrend College
Bruce Edwards
University of Florida
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Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2022
Contents
P Preparation for Calculus 1

P.1 Graphs and Models 2
P.2 Linear Models and Rates of Change 10
P.3 Functions and Their Graphs 19
P.4 Review of Trigonometric Functions 31
Review Exercises 41
P.S. Problem Solving 44
1 Limits and Their Properties 45

1.1 A Preview of Calculus 46
1.2 Finding Limits Graphically and Numerically 52
1.3 Evaluating Limits Analytically 63
1.4 Continuity and One-Sided Limits 74
1.5 Infinite Limits 87
Section Project: Graphs and Limits of
Trigonometric Functions 94
Review Exercises 95
2 Differentiation 99
2.1 The Derivative and the Tangent Line Problem 100
2.2 Basic Differentiation Rules and Rates of Change 110
Product and Quotient Rules and Higher-Order
2.3
Derivatives 122
2.4 The Chain Rule 133
2.5 Implicit Differentiation 144
Section Project: Optical Illusions 151
2.6 Related Rates 152
Review Exercises 161
3 Applications of Differentiation 165

3.1 Extrema on an Interval 166
3.2 Rolle’s Theorem and the Mean Value Theorem 174
Increasing and Decreasing Functions and
3.3
the First Derivative Test 181
Section Project: Even Polynomial Functions of
Fourth Degree 190
3.4 Concavity and the Second Derivative Test 191
3.5 Limits at Infinity 199
3.6 A Summary of Curve Sketching 209
3.7 Optimization Problems 219
Section Project: Minimum Time 228
3.8 Newton’s Method 229
3.9 Differentials 235
iii
iv Contents
4 Integration 247
4.1 Antiderivatives and Indefinite Integration 248
4.2 Area 258
4.3 Riemann Sums and Definite Integrals 270
4.4 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 281
4.5 Integration by Substitution 296
Section Project: Probability 308
Logarithmic, Exponential, and

5 Other Transcendental Functions 313
5.1 The Natural Logarithmic Function: Differentiation 314
5.2 The Natural Logarithmic Function: Integration 324
5.3 Inverse Functions 333
5.4 Exponential Functions: Differentiation and Integration 342
5.5 Bases Other than e and Applications 352
Section Project: Using a Graphing Utility to
Estimate Slope 361
5.6 Indeterminate Forms and L’Hôpital’s Rule 362
5.7 Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Differentiation 373
5.8 Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Integration 382
5.9 Hyperbolic Functions 390
Section Project: Mercator Map 399
6 Differential Equations 405

6.1 Slope Fields and Euler’s Method 406
6.2 Growth and Decay 415
6.3 Separation of Variables and the Logistic Equation 423
6.4 First-Order Linear Differential Equations 432
Section Project: Weight Loss 438
7 Applications of Integration 443

7.1 Area of a Region Between Two Curves 444
7.2 Volume: The Disk Method 454
7.3 Volume: The Shell Method 465
Section Project: Saturn 473
7.4 Arc Length and Surfaces of Revolution 474
7.5 Work 485
Section Project: Pyramid of Khufu 493
7.6 Moments, Centers of Mass, and Centroids 494
7.7 Fluid Pressure and Fluid Force 505
Contents v
8 Integration Techniques and Improper Integrals 515

8.1 Basic Integration Rules 516
8.2 Integration by Parts 523
8.3 Trigonometric Integrals 532
Section Project: The Wallis Product 540
8.4 Trigonometric Substitution 541
8.5 Partial Fractions 550
8.6 Numerical Integration 559
8.7 Integration by Tables and Other Integration Techniques 566
8.8 Improper Integrals 572
9 Infinite Series 587

9.1 Sequences 588
9.2 Series and Convergence 599
Section Project: Cantor’s Disappearing Table 608
9.3 The Integral Test and p-Series 609
Section Project: The Harmonic Series 615
9.4 Comparisons of Series 616
9.5 Alternating Series 623
9.6 The Ratio and Root Tests 631
9.7 Taylor Polynomials and Approximations 640
9.8 Power Series 651
9.9 Representation of Functions by Power Series 661
9.10 Taylor and Maclaurin Series 668
Conics, Parametric Equations, and

10 Polar Coordinates 685
10.1 Conics and Calculus 686
10.2 Plane Curves and Parametric Equations 700
Section Project: Cycloids 709
10.3 Parametric Equations and Calculus 710
10.4 Polar Coordinates and Polar Graphs 719
Section Project: Cassini Oval 728
10.5 Area and Arc Length in Polar Coordinates 729
10.6 Polar Equations of Conics and Kepler’s Laws 738
vi Contents
11 Vectors and the Geometry of Space 751

11.1 Vectors in the Plane 752
11.2 Space Coordinates and Vectors in Space 762
11.3 The Dot Product of Two Vectors 770
11.4 The Cross Product of Two Vectors in Space 779
11.5 Lines and Planes in Space 787
Section Project: Distances in Space 797
11.6 Surfaces in Space 798
11.7 Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates 808
12 Vector-Valued Functions 819

12.1 Vector-Valued Functions 820
Section Project: Witch of Agnesi 827
12.2 Differentiation and Integration of Vector-Valued
Functions 828
12.3 Velocity and Acceleration 836
12.4 Tangent Vectors and Normal Vectors 845
12.5 Arc Length and Curvature 855
13 Functions of Several Variables 871

13.1 Introduction to Functions of Several Variables 872
13.2 Limits and Continuity 884
13.3 Partial Derivatives 894
13.4 Differentials 904
13.5 Chain Rules for Functions of Several Variables 911
13.6 Directional Derivatives and Gradients 919
13.7 Tangent Planes and Normal Lines 931
Section Project: Wildflowers 939
13.8 Extrema of Functions of Two Variables 940
13.9 Applications of Extrema 948
Section Project: Building a Pipeline 955
13.10 Lagrange Multipliers 956
14 Multiple Integration 969

14.1 Iterated Integrals and Area in the Plane 970
14.2 Double Integrals and Volume 978
14.3 Change of Variables: Polar Coordinates 990
14.4 Center of Mass and Moments of Inertia 998
Section Project: Center of Pressure on a Sail 1005
14.5 Surface Area 1006
Section Project: Surface Area in Polar Coordinates 1012
14.6 Triple Integrals and Applications 1013
14.7 Triple Integrals in Other Coordinates 1024
Section Project: Wrinkled and Bumpy Spheres 1030
14.8 Change of Variables: Jacobians 1031
Contents
vii
15 Vector Analysis 1043

15.1 Vector Fields 1044
15.2 Line Integrals 1055
15.3 Conservative Vector Fields and Independence of Path 1069
15.4 Green’s Theorem 1079
Section Project: Hyperbolic and Trigonometric Functions 1087
15.5 Parametric Surfaces 1088
15.6 Surface Integrals 1098
Section Project: Hyperboloid of One Sheet 1109
15.7 Divergence Theorem 1110
15.8 Stokes’s Theorem 1118
16 Additional Topics in Differential Equations (Online)*

16.1 Exact First-Order Equations
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16.2 Second-Order Homogeneous Linear Equations
16.3 Second-Order Nonhomogeneous Linear Equations
Section Project: Parachute Jump
16.4 Series Solutions of Differential Equations
Review Exercises
P.S. Problem Solving
Appendices
Appendix A: Proofs of Selected Theorems A2
Appendix B: Integration Tables A3
Appendix C: Precalculus Review (Online)*
Appendix D:
Rotation and the General Second-Degree
Equation (Online)*
Appendix E: Complex Numbers (Online)*
Appendix F: Business and Economic Applications (Online)*
Appendix G: Fitting Models to Data (Online)*
Answers to All Odd-Numbered Exercises A7

Index A123
*Available at the text companion website LarsonCalculus.com
Preface
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viii
Preface
ix
NEW Big Ideas of Calculus

We have added a new feature to help you discover and understand the Big Ideas of
Calculus. This feature, which is denoted by , has four parts.
• The Big Ideas of Calculus notes give you an overview of the major concepts of a
chapter and how they relate to the earlier concepts you have studied. These notes
appear near the beginning of a chapter and in the chapter review.
• In each section and in the chapter review, make sure you do the Concept Check
exercises and the Exploring Concepts exercises. These exercises will help you
develop a deeper and clearer knowledge of calculus. Work through these exercises
to build and strengthen your understanding of the concepts.
• To continue exploring calculus, do the Building on Concepts exercises at the end
of the chapter review. Not only will these exercises help you expand your knowledge
and use of calculus, they will prepare you to learn concepts in later chapters.
UPDATED Exercise Sets

The exercise sets have been carefully and extensively examined
to ensure they are rigorous and relevant and to include topics our
users have suggested. The exercises are organized and titled so
you can better see the connections between examples and
exercises. Multi-step, real-life exercises reinforce problem-solving
skills and mastery of concepts by giving you the opportunity to
apply the concepts in real-life situations.
Section Projects
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explore applications related to the topics you are studying.
All of these projects provide an interesting and engaging
way for you and other students to work and investigate
ideas collaboratively.
UPDATED Chapter Opener

Each Chapter Opener highlights real-life applications used
in the examples and exercises. For this edition, we also
highlight the online resources at CalcView.com and CalcChat.com.
x Preface
Section Objectives
A bulleted list of learning objectives provides 166 Chapter 3 Applications of Differentiation
you with the opportunity to preview what will

be presented in the upcoming section.
3.1 Extrema on an Interval
Define extrema of a function on an interval.
Define relative extrema of a function on an open interval.
Theorems GO DIGITAL
Find extrema on a closed interval.
Theorems provide the conceptual framework Extrema of a Function

for calculus. Theorems are clearly stated and In calculus, much effort is devoted to determining the behavior of a function f on an
interval I. Does f have a maximum value on I? Does it have a minimum value? Where
separated from the rest of the text by boxes is the function increasing? Where is it decreasing? In this chapter, you will learn
how derivatives can be used to answer these questions. You will also see why these
for quick visual reference. Key proofs often questions are important in real-life applications.
follow the theorem and can be found at y
Definition of Extrema
LarsonCalculus.com. 5 (2, 5) Maximum
4 2
Let a function f be defined on an interval I containing c.
f(x) = x + 1
3
1. f (c) is the minimum of f on I when f (c) ≤ f (x) for all x in I.
Definitions 2
2. f (c) is the maximum of f on I when f (c) ≥ f (x) for all x in I.
As with theorems, definitions are clearly stated (0, 1) Minimum

The minimum and maximum of a function on an interval are the extreme
values, or extrema (the singular form of extrema is extremum), of the function
using precise, formal wording and are separated −1
x on the interval. The minimum and maximum of a function on an interval are
1 2 3 also called the absolute minimum and absolute maximum, or the global
from the text by boxes for quick visual reference. (a) f is continuous; [−1, 2] is closed. minimum and global maximum, on the interval. Extrema can occur at interior
points or endpoints of an interval (see Figure 3.1). Extrema that occur at the
y endpoints are called endpoint extrema.
Explorations 5
Not a
maximum
A function need not have a minimum or a maximum on an interval. For instance, in
Explorations provide unique challenges to 4
3
f(x) = x 2 + 1
Figures 3.1(a) and (b), you can see that the function f (x) = x2 + 1 has both a minimum
and a maximum on the closed interval [−1, 2] but does not have a maximum on the
study concepts that have not yet been formally 2 open interval (−1, 2). Moreover, in Figure 3.1(c), you can see that continuity (or the
covered in the text. They allow you to learn by (0, 1) Minimum
lack of it) can affect the existence of an extremum on the interval. This suggests the
theorem below. (Although the Extreme Value Theorem is intuitively plausible, a proof
discovery and introduce topics related to ones −1 1 2 3
x
of this theorem is not within the scope of this text.)
presently being studied. Exploring topics in this (b) f is continuous; (−1, 2) is open.
THEOREM 3.1 The Extreme Value Theorem
way encourages you to think outside the box. y
If a function f is continuous on a closed interval [a, b], then f has both a
5 (2, 5) Maximum minimum and a maximum on the interval.
4
UPDATED Remarks 3
g(x) = x 2 + 1, x ≠ 0
2, x=0
Exploration
These hints and tips reinforce or expand upon 2
Finding Minimum and Maximum Values The Extreme Value Theorem (like
concepts, help you learn how to study mathematics, Not a
minimum
the Intermediate Value Theorem) is an existence theorem because it tells of the
existence of minimum and maximum values but does not show how to find these
caution you about common errors, address special
x
−1 1 2 3 values. Use the minimum and maximum features of a graphing utility to find the
extrema of each function. In each case, do you think the x-values are exact or
cases, or show an alternative solution to an example. (c) g is not continuous; [−1, 2] is closed.
Figure 3.1
approximate? Explain your reasoning.
We have added several new Remarks to help a. f (x) = x2 − 4x + 5 on the closed interval [−1, 3]
b. f (x) = x3 − 2x2 − 3x − 2 on the closed interval [−1, 3]
students who need more in-depth algebra support.
UPDATED Historical Notes and Biographies

Historical Notes provide you with background information on the foundations of calculus.
The Biographies introduce you to the people who created and contributed to calculus.
We have added several new biographies, and more biographies are available at LarsonCalculus.com.
Technology
Throughout the book, technology boxes show you how to use technology to solve problems
and explore concepts of calculus. These tips also point out some pitfalls of using technology.
How Do You See It? Exercise

The How Do You See It? exercise in each section presents a problem that you will solve
by visual inspection using the concepts learned in the lesson.
UPDATED Applications
Carefully chosen applied exercises and examples are included throughout to address the question,
“When will I use this?” These applications are pulled from diverse sources, such as current events,
world data, industry trends, and more, and relate to a wide range of interests. Understanding where
calculus is (or can be) used promotes fuller understanding of the material.
Putnam Exam Challenges

Putnam Exam questions appear in selected sections. These actual Putnam Exam questions will
challenge you and push the limits of your understanding of calculus.
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Student Solutions Manual

Student Solutions Manual for Calculus of a Single Variable, 12e
(ISBN-13: 978-0-357-74919-7)
Student Solutions Manual for Multivariable Calculus, 12e
(ISBN-13: 978-0-357-74920-3)
These manuals provide step-by-step solutions for all odd-numbered exercises,
including Review Exercises and P.S. Problem Solving. The manual for Calculus
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Multivariable Calculus contains solutions for Chapters 11–16.
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LarsonCalculus.com
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various calculus concepts. Watch proof videos presented by Bruce Edwards, as he
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data downloads (editable spreadsheets so you do not have to enter the data), algebra
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CalcChat.com
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CalcView.com
This website has free video solutions of selected exercises. Watch instructors
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the on-page code on the first page of the section exercises.
MathGraphs.com
For exercises that ask you to draw on the graph, we have provided free,
printable graphs at MathGraphs.com. You can access the printable graphs by
going to MathGraphs.com or by scanning the on-page code on the first page
of any exercise set.
xi
Instructor Resources
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For more information, visit cengage.com/webassign.
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objectives, chapter and section outline, key formulas and terms with definitions,
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Solution and Answer Guide Provides answers and solutions to all exercises,
including Review Exercises, P.S. Problem Solving, and Putnam Exam Challenge.
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activities, examples, and ample opportunities for student engagement and interaction.
Transition Guide Highlights the content changes from the previous edition to the
new edition, including exercise correlations.
Guide to Online Teaching Provides technological and pedagogical considerations
and tips for teaching a calculus course online.
Educator’s Guide Offers suggested content and activities for Cengage WebAssign
—like videos and assignments—that you can integrate into your course to help boost
engagement and outcomes.
LarsonCalculus.com
In addition to its student resources, LarsonCalculus.com also has resources to help
instructors. For students who need algebra help, we have provided instructional
videos to explain various algebra and precalculus concepts. Students can assess
their knowledge of these concepts through self-grading progress checks. You
can also give your students experience using an online graphing utility with the
Interactive Examples. You can access these features by going to LarsonCalculus.com
or by scanning the on-page code .
MathArticles.com
This text contains over 50 references to articles from mathematics journals noted
in the For Further Information feature. To make the articles easily accessible to
instructors and students, they are available at MathArticles.com or by scanning
the on-page code .
xii
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the many people who have helped us at various stages of
Calculus over the last 48 years. Their encouragement, criticisms, and suggestions have
been invaluable.
Reviewers
Stan Adamski, Owens Community College; Tilak de Alwis; Darry Andrews;
Alexander Arhangelskii, Ohio University; Seth G. Armstrong, Southern Utah
University; Jim Ball, Indiana State University; Denis Bell, University of Northern
Florida; Marcelle Bessman, Jacksonville University; Abraham Biggs, Broward
Community College; Jesse Blosser, Eastern Mennonite School; Linda A. Bolte,
Eastern Washington University; James Braselton, Georgia Southern University;
Harvey Braverman, Middlesex County College; Mark Brittenham, University of
Nebraska; Tim Chappell, Penn Valley Community College; Fan Chen, El Paso
Community College; Mingxiang Chen, North Carolina A&T State University;
Oiyin Pauline Chow, Harrisburg Area Community College; Julie M. Clark, Hollins
University; P.S. Crooke, Vanderbilt University; Jim Dotzler, Nassau Community
College; Murray Eisenberg, University of Massachusetts at Amherst; Donna Flint,
South Dakota State University; Michael Frantz, University of La Verne;
David French, Tidewater Community College; Sudhir Goel, Valdosta State University;
Arek Goetz, San Francisco State University; Donna J. Gorton, Butler County
Community College; John Gosselin, University of Georgia; Arran Hamm;
Shahryar Heydari, Piedmont College; Guy Hogan, Norfolk State University;
Dr. Enayat Kalantarian, El Paso Community College; Marcia Kleinz, Atlantic Cape
Community College; Ashok Kumar, Valdosta State University; Kevin J. Leith,
Albuquerque Community College; Maxine Lifshitz, Friends Academy;
Douglas B. Meade, University of South Carolina; Bill Meisel, Florida State College
at Jacksonville; Shahrooz Moosavizadeh; Teri Murphy, University of Oklahoma;
Darren Narayan, Rochester Institute of Technology; Susan A. Natale, The Ursuline
School, NY; Martha Nega, Georgia Perimeter College; Francis Nkansah, Bunker Hill
Community College; Sam Pearsall, Los Angeles Pierce College; Terence H. Perciante,
Wheaton College; James Pommersheim, Reed College; Laura Ritter, Southern
Polytechnic State University; Carson Rogers, Boston College; Leland E. Rogers,
Pepperdine University; Paul Seeburger, Monroe Community College; Edith A. Silver,
Mercer County Community College; Howard Speier, Chandler-Gilbert Community
College; Desmond Stephens, Florida A&M University; Jianzhong Su, University
of Texas at Arlington; James K. Vallade, Monroe County Community College;
Patrick Ward, Illinois Central College; Chia-Lin Wu, Richard Stockton College
of New Jersey; Diane M. Zych, Erie Community College
Many thanks to Robert Hostetler, The Behrend College, The Pennsylvania State
University, and David Heyd, The Behrend College, The Pennsylvania State University,
for their significant contributions to previous editions of this text.
We would also like to thank the staff at Larson Texts, Inc., who assisted in the
production, composition, and illustration of the text and its supplements. Additionally, we
are thankful for their help in developing and maintaining CalcChat.com, CalcView.com,
LarsonCalculus.com, MathArticles.com, and MathGraphs.com.
On a personal level, we are grateful to our wives, Deanna Gilbert Larson and
Consuelo Edwards, for their love, patience, and support. Also, a special note of thanks
goes out to R. Scott O’Neil.
If you have suggestions for improving this text, please feel free to write to us. Over
the years we have received many useful comments from both instructors and students,
and we value these very much.
Ron Larson
Bruce Edwards
xiii
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Philistine
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.
Title: The Philistine

a periodical of protest (Vol. I, No. 3, August 1895)
Author: Various
Editor: Harry Persons Taber
Release date: June 23, 2022 [eBook #68383]
Language: English
Original publication: United States: The Society of the

Philistines, 1895
Credits: hekula03 and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team

at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from
images made available by the HathiTrust Digital
Library.)
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE

PHILISTINE ***
The Philistine:
A Periodical of Protest.
“A harmless necessary cat.”—Shylock.
Printed Every Little While for The Society of The Philistines and
Published by Them Monthly. Subscription, One Dollar Yearly;
Single Copies, 10 Cents.
Number 3. August, 1895.
THE PHILISTINE.
Edited by H. P. Taber.
CONTENTS FOR AUGUST, 1895.
JEREMIADS:
A Word About Art,
Ouida
The Confessional in Letters,
Elbert Hubbard
The Social Spotter,
William McIntosh
OTHER THINGS:
The Dream,
William Morris
Verses,
Stephen Crane
For Honor,
Jean Wright
The Story of the Little Sister,
H. P. T.
Notes.
The Philistine is published monthly at $1 a year, 10 cents a

single copy. Subscriptions may be left with newsdealers or sent
direct to the publishers.
Business communications should be addressed to The
Philistine. East Aurora, New York. Matter intended for publication
may be sent to the same address or to Box 6, Cambridge,
Massachusetts.
Entered at the Postoffice at East Aurora, New York, for
transmission as mail matter of the second class.
COPYRIGHT, 1895.
AND THIS, THEN, IS THE THIRD OF
THE BOOK OF THE PHILISTINE AND
FIRST HERE IS PRINTED THE LINES
CALLED “THE DREAM” WRITTEN BY
MR. WILLIAM MORRIS: TO WHOM BE
PRAISE AND REVERENCE AND
MUCH THANKFULNESS FOR MANY
DEEDS.
I dreamed
A dream of you,
Not as you seemed
When you were late unkind,
And blind
To my eyes pleading for a debt long due;
But touched and true,
And all inclined
To tenderest fancies on love’s inmost theme.
How sweet you were to me, and ah, how kind
In that dear dream!
I felt
Your lips on mine
Mingle and melt,
And your cheek touch my cheek.
I, weak
With vain desires and asking for a sign
Of love divine,
Found my grief break,
And wept and wept in an unending stream
Of sudden joy set free, yet could not speak:
Dumb in my dream.
I knew
You loved me then,
And I knew, too,
The bliss of souls in Heaven,
New-shriven,
Who look with pity on still sinning men
And turn again
To be forgiven
In the dear arms of their God holding them,
And spend themselves in praise from morn
’Till even,
Nor break their dream.
I woke
In my mid-bliss
At midnight’s stroke
And knew you lost and gone.
Forlorn
I called you back to my unfinished kiss,
But only this
One word of scorn
You answered me, “’Twas better loved to seem
Than loved to be, since all love is foresworn,
Always a dream.”
A WORD ABOUT ART.
How can we have great art in our day? We have no
Is there
faith. Belief of some sort is the life-blood of art. When
Athene and Zeus ceased to excite veneration in the minds of men,
sculpture and architecture both lost their greatness. When the
Madonna and her Son lost that mystery and divinity, which for the
simple minds of the early painters they possessed, the soul went out
of canvas and of wood. When we carve a Venus now, she is but a
frivolous woman; when we paint a Jesus now, it is but a little
suckling, or a sorrowful prisoner.
We want a great inspiration. We ought to find it in a woman,
the things that are really beautiful, but we are not sure even in
enough, perhaps, what is so. What does dominate us
is a passion for nature: for the sea, for the sky, for the mountain, for
the forest, for the evening storm, for the break of day. Perhaps when
we are thoroughly steeped in this, we shall reach greatness once
more. But the artificiality of all modern life is against it, so is its
cynicism. Sadness and sarcasm make a great Lucretius and as a
great Juvenal; and scorn makes a strong Aristophanes: but they do
not make a Praxiteles and an Apelles; they do not even make a
Raffaelle or a Flaxman.
Art, if it be anything, is the perpetual uplifting of Boston,
what is beautiful in the sight of the multitude—the
perpetual adoration of that loveliness, material and moral, which men
in the haste and greed of their lives are everlastingly forgetting:
unless it be that, it is empty and useless as a child’s reed-pipe when
the reed is snapt and the child’s breath spent.
It must have been such a good life—a painter’s in who can
those days: those early days of art. Fancy the
gladness of it then—modern painters can know nothing of it.
When all the delicate delights of distance were only produce
half perceived; when the treatment of light and literature
shadow was barely dreamed of; when aerial
perspective was just breaking on the mind in all its wonder and
power; when it was still regarded as a marvellous boldness to draw
from the natural form in a natural fashion—in those early days only
fancy the delights of a painter!
Something fresh to be won at each step; something equal
new to be penetrated at each moment; something
beautiful and rash to be ventured on with each touch of colour—the
painter in those days had all the breathless pleasure of an explorer;
without leaving his birthplace he knew the joys of Columbus.
And one can fancy nothing better than a life such
to this?
as Spinello led for nigh a century up on the hill here,
painting because he loved it, till death took him. Of all lives, perhaps,
that this world has ever seen, the lives of painters, I say, in those
days were the most perfect.
In quiet places such as Arezzo and Volterra, and Modena and
Urbino, and Cortona and Perugia, there would grow up a gentle lad
who from infancy most loved to stand and gaze at the missal
paintings in his mother’s house, and the coena in the monk’s
refectory, and when he had fulfilled some twelve or fifteen years, his
people would give in to his wish and send him to some bottega to
learn the management of colours.
Then he would grow to be a man; and his town
No, not
would be proud of him, and find him the choicest of all even
work in its churches and its convents, so that all his
days were filled without his ever wandering out of reach of his native
vesper bells.
He would make his dwelling in the heart of his
in Boston!
birthplace, close under its cathedral, with the tender
sadness of the olive hills stretching above and around in the
basiliche or the monasteries his labor would daily lie; he would have
a docile band of hopeful boyish pupils with innocent eyes of wonder
for all he did or said; he would paint his wife’s face for the
Madonna’s, and his little son’s for the child Angel’s; he would go out
into the fields and gather the olive bow, and the feathery corn, and
the golden fruits, and paint them tenderly on ground of gold or blue,
in symbol of those heavenly things of which the bells were forever
telling all those who chose to hear; he would sit in the lustrous nights
in the shade of his own vines and pity those who were not as he
was; now and then horsemen would come spurring in across the hills
and bring news with them of battles fought, of cities lost and won;
and he would listen with the rest in the market-place, and go home
through the moonlight thinking that it was well to create the holy
things before which the fiercest rider and the rudest free-lance would
drop the point of the sword and make the sign of the cross.
It must have been a good life—good to its close in the cathedral
crypt—and so common too; there were scores of such lived out in
these little towns of Italy, half monastery and half fortress, that were
scattered over hill and plain, by sea and river, on marsh and
mountain, from the daydawn of Cimabue to the after-glow of the
Carracci.
And their work lives after them; the little towns are all grey and still
and half peopled now; the iris grows on the ramparts, the canes
wave in the moats, the shadows sleep in the silent market-place, the
great convents shelter half a dozen monks, the dim majestic
churches are damp and desolate, and have the scent of the
sepulchre.
But there, above the altars, the wife lives in the Madonna and the
child smiles in the Angel, and the olive and the wheat are fadeless
on their ground of gold and blue; and by the tomb in the crypt the
sacristan will shade his lantern and murmur with a sacred
tenderness:
“Here he sleeps.”
Ouida.
FOR HONOR.
By a turn of chance a father and son were thrown together in one of
the Western frontier posts, the father as colonel in command, the
son as a second lieutenant in one of the four companies quartered
there. When the order came which had brought them together after
the three years which had gone by since the boy left West Point, it
brought great, but silent, happiness to the stern and gloomy old
soldier, and a light-hearted pleasure to the young man; once more
he would be with “dear old dad,” and besides, life must be rather
exciting out there, and altogether worth a man’s while. And so he
packed his traps in double-quick time, as a soldier must, and was off
in twenty-four hours. The meeting between the two was a strange
one. Effusive and very gay on the part of the young man, who made
no effort to conceal his delight; stiff, even cold, on the part of the old
man, whose very heart quivered with joy; and on whose stern and
bronzed face a light came which the boy did not even see.
The colonel was not a popular man, hard and cold, rigid in the
performance of his own duty, and with little sympathy for failure on
the part of his men, he was respected, and, in a certain sense,
admired, but not loved; sternly just according to his own light, but
narrow and intolerant. With two passions—the exaggerated, hide-
bound honor of a soldier who believes his profession to be the only
one; the honor of a strictly honest and very proud man, jealous of the
slightest stain upon his unimpeachable integrity. The other passion a
carefully hidden but almost idolatrous love for his son. There had
been one other passion, but she died.
Within a month after his coming, the young lieutenant was the
most popular man at the post. He sang, he danced, he rode, and he
played cards; he also drank rather more than was necessary.
Within two months it all palled upon him. Deadly ennui took
possession of him. The great sunlit barren plains stretched out
interminable. There were no Indians even to break the monotony.
The iron routine of one day followed upon another with what seemed
to him a stupid, trivial and meaningless regularity. So he stopped
singing and dancing, and went on playing cards and drinking.
Another thing that annoyed him was his father’s suppressed but
uncompromising disapproval. Inward the colonel’s soul writhed that
his boy should blemish his record as a soldier in this way; he did not
doubt his courage should the time come for proving it, but in the
meantime to show himself a weak and foolish man was almost
unbearable. He could not understand the boy, and he said nothing,
which was perhaps unfortunate.
Three weeks went by and the young lieutenant was deep in debt
to the captain of another company. A sneering, black faced fellow,
who had risen from the ranks; gaining his promotions during the last
fifteen years for acts of dare-devil bravery. He was not a pleasant
man to owe to; particularly if one was not too sure of being able to
pay up when the notes fell due. Another month, and things were no
better. It was in the early part of September, and the flat plains
stretched out parched and arid, the sun beat down pitilessly on the
treeless little post, and the money to the captain had to be paid to-
morrow. It was certainly a disagreeable situation. But they played
hard and drank hard, and the young lieutenant almost forgot that to-
morrow was coming.
But about one o’clock in the morning there was a
Is
row, and before many hours the whole post knew
cheating
what was the matter. It does not take long for news to
at cards
travel among a few hundred people, particularly so
so rare as
interesting and exciting a bit as this. For this gay this?
young fellow, this dashing young soldier, this son of
the stern old martinet of a colonel, had been caught cheating at
cards, and was disgraced forever.
The news got round and finally reached the colonel. It was a brave
man who told him. He waited an hour, and then putting a pistol in his
holster, he went across to his son’s quarters. There was no answer
to his knock, so he opened the door and went in. The boy was sitting
by the table, with his head buried in his arms. He did not look up
when his father spoke, “My son, there is but one thing for you to do.
You know what it is,” and he laid the pistol on the table. There was
no reply; and the colonel stood silent, straight and stern, but his face
was gray, and his iron mouth was drawn. Presently the boy raised
his head and looked straight into his father’s eyes. For the first time
in his life he understood. “Yes, father,” he said. The colonel stood a
moment, and then went out and shut the door. When he was half
way across the parade ground he heard a pistol shot, but he did not
go back.
Jean Wright.
THE CONFESSIONAL IN LETTERS.
In the year 1848 Ralph Waldo Emerson of Concord, Mass., made a
lecturing tour through England. Among the towns he visited was
Coventry, where he was entertained at the residence of Mr. Charles
Bray. In the family of Mr. Bray lived a young woman by the name of
Mary Ann Evans, and although this Miss Evans was not handsome,
either in face or figure, she made a decided impression on Mr.
Emerson.
A little excursion was arranged to Stratford, an antiquated town of
some note in the same county. On this trip Mr. Emerson and Miss
Evans paired off very naturally, and Miss Evans of Coventry was so
bold as to set Mr. Emerson of Concord straight on several matters
relating to Mr. Shakespeare, formerly of Stratford.
“What is your favorite book?” said Mr. Emerson to Miss Evans,
somewhat abruptly.
“Rousseau’s Confessions,” said the young woman instantly.
“And so it is mine,” answered Mr. Emerson.
All of which is related by Moncure D. Conway in a volume entitled
Emerson at Home and Abroad.
A copy of Conway’s book was sent to Walt Whitman, and when he
read the passage to which I have just referred he remarked, “And so
it is mine.”
Emerson and Whitman are probably the two strongest names in
American letters, and George Eliot stands first among women writers
of all time; and as they in common with many Lesser Wits stand side
by side and salute Jean Jacques Rousseau, it may be worth our
while to take just a glance at M. Rousseau’s book in order, if we can,
to know why it appeals to people of worth.
The first thing about the volume that attracts is the title. There is
something charmingly alluring and sweetly seductive in a confession.
Mr. Henry James has said: “The sweetest experience that can come
to a man on his pilgrimage through this vale of tears is to have a
lovely woman ‘confess’ to him; and it is said that while neither
argument, threat, plea of justification, nor gold can fully placate a
woman who believes she has been wronged by a man, yet she
speedily produces, not only a branch, but a whole olive tree when he
comes humbly home and confesses.”
Now here is a man about to ’fess to the world, and we take up the
volume, glance around to see if any one is looking, and begin at the
first paragraph to read:
“I purpose an undertaking that never had an example and the
execution of which will never have an imitation. I would exhibit
myself to all men as I am—a man....
“Let the last trumpet sound when it will, I will come, with this book
in my hand, and present myself before the Sovereign Judge. I will
boldly proclaim: Thus have I acted, thus have I thought, such was I.
With equal frankness have I disclosed the good and the evil. I have
omitted nothing bad, added nothing good. I have exhibited myself,
despisable and vile when so; virtuous, generous, sublime when so. I
have unveiled my interior being as Thou, Eternal One, hast seen it.”
Now where is the man or woman who could stop there, even though
the cows were in the corn?
And as we read further we find things that are “unfit for publication”
and confessions of sensations that are so universal to healthy men
that they are irrelevant, and straightway we arise and lock the door
so as to finish the chapter undisturbed. For as superfluous things are
the things we cannot do without, so is the irrelevant in literature the
necessary.
Having finished this chapter, oblivious to calls that dinner is
waiting, we begin the next; and finding items so interesting that they
are disgusting, and others so indecent that they are entertaining, we
forget the dinner that is getting cold and read on.
And the reason we read on is not because we love the indecent,
or because we crave the disgusting, although I believe Burke hints at
the contrary, but simply because the writing down of these
unbecoming things convinces us that the man is honest and that the
confession is genuine. In short we come to the conclusion that any
man who deliberately puts himself in such a bad light—caring not a
fig either for our approbation or our censure—is no sham.
And there you have it! We want honesty in literature.
The great orator always shows a dash of contempt for the opinions
of his audience, and the great writer is he who loses self
consciousness and writes himself down as he is, for at the last
analysis all literature is a confession.
The Ishmaelites who purvey culture by the ton, and issue
magazines that burden the mails—study very carefully the public
palate. They know full well that a “confession” is salacious: it is an
exposure. A confession implies something that is peculiar, private
and distinctly different from what we are used to. It is a removing the
veil, a making plain things that are thought and performed in secret.
And so we see articles on “The Women Who Have Influenced
Me,” “The Books that Have Made Me,” “My Literary Passions,” etc.
But like the circus bills, these titles call for animals that the big tent
never shows; and this perhaps is well, for otherwise ’twould fright the
ladies.
Yes, I frankly admit that these “confessions” suit the constituency
of The Ladies’ Home Journal better than the truth; and although its
editor be a Jew, the fact that the writers of his confessions practice
careful concealment of the truth that they have hands, senses, eyes,
ears, organs, dimensions, passions, is a wise commercial stroke.
You can prick them and they do not bleed, tickle them and they do
not laugh, poison them and they do not die; simply because they are
only puppets parading as certain virtues, and these virtues the own
particular brand in which the subscribers delight.
That excellent publication, The Forum, increased its circulation by
many thousand when it ran a series of confessions of great men
wherein these great men made sham pretense of laying their lives
bare before the public gaze. Nothing was told that did not redound to
the credit of the confessor. The “Formative Influences” of sin, error
and blunders were carefully concealed or calmly waived. The lack of
good faith was as apparent in these articles as the rouge on the
cheek of a courtesan: the color is genuine and the woman not dead,
that’s all.
And the loss lies in this: These writers—mostly able men—sell
their souls for a price, and produce a literature that lives the length of
life of a moth, whereas they might write for immortality. Instead of
inspiring the great, they act as clowns to entertain the rabble.
Of course I know that Rousseau’s Confessions, Amiel’s Journal
and Marie Bashkirtseff’s Diary have all been declared carefully
worked out artifices. And admitting all the wonderful things that
scheming man can perform, I still maintain that there are a few
things that life and nature will continue to work out in the old, old
way. I appeal to those who have tried both plans, whether it is not
easier to tell the truth than to concoct a lie. And I assiduously
maintain that if the case is to be tried by a jury of great men, that the
shocking facts will serve the end far better than sugared half-truth.
When Richard Le Gallienne tells us of the birth of his baby and for
weeks before how White Soul was sure she should die; and Marie
Bashkirtseff makes painstaking note of the size of her hips and the
development of her bust; and poor Amiel bewails the fate of eating
breakfast facing an empty chair; and Rousseau explains the delicate
sensations and smells that swept over him on opening his wardrobe
and finding smocks and petticoats hanging in careless negligence
amid his man’s clothes; and all those other pathetic, foolish,
charming, irrelevant bits of prattle, one is convinced of the author’s
honesty. No thorough-going literary man, hot for success, would
leave such stuff in; he would as soon think of using a flesh brush on
the public street; these are his own private affairs—his good sense
would have forbade.
A good lie for its own sake is ever pleasing to honest men, but a
patched up record never. And when such small men as Samuel

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