FON-1 MCQs :-

1. Who is known as the “Lady with the Lamp”?

a) Florence Nightingale
b) Mary Seacole
c) Clara Barton
d) Dorothea Dix

**Answer:** a) Florence Nightingale

2. In which year did Florence Nightingale begin her nursing education at the
Institution of Protestant Deaconesses in Kaiserswerth, Germany?
a) 1851
b) 1845
c) 1860
d) 1870

**Answer:** a) 1851

3. Which of the following wars prompted Florence Nightingale’s journey to

Crimea?
a) American Civil War
b) World War I
c) Crimean War
d) Napoleonic Wars
 **Answer:** c) Crimean War

4. Who established the first training school for nurses at St. Thomas’ Hospital in
London?
a) Florence Nightingale
b) Clara Barton
c) Mary Mahoney
d) Isabel Hampton Robb

**Answer:** a) Florence Nightingale

5. In which year was the American Nurses Association (ANA) founded?

a) 1861
b) 1896
c) 1901
d) 1915

**Answer:** b) 1896

6. Which nurse is known for her contributions to community health nursing and
founding the Henry Street Settlement in New York City?
a) Clara Barton
b) Lillian Wald
c) Florence Nightingale
d) Mary Breckinridge

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 **Answer:** b) Lillian Wald

7. Who was the first African American nurse to graduate from an American
nursing school?
a) Clara Barton
b) Lillian Wald
c) Mary Mahoney
d) Florence Nightingale

**Answer:** c) Mary Mahoney

8. Which of the following nursing leaders was instrumental in establishing the

International Council of Nurses (ICN)?
a) Lillian Wald
b) Clara Barton
c) Florence Nightingale
d) Isabel Hampton Robb

**Answer:** d) Isabel Hampton Robb

9. What was the significance of the publication of “Notes on Nursing: What It Is

and What It Is Not" by Florence Nightingale?
a) It emphasized the importance of nursing education.
b) It laid the foundation for evidence-based nursing practice.
c) It highlighted the need for improved sanitation in healthcare settings.
d) It emphasized the importance of therapeutic communication in nursing.

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 **Answer:** b) It laid the foundation for evidence-based nursing practice.

10. Who is known as the founder of modern psychiatric nursing?

a) Clara Barton
b) Dorothea Dix
c) Florence Nightingale
d) Mary Seacole

**Answer:** b) Dorothea Dix

11. In which year did the Flexner Report evaluate nursing education programs in
the United States?
a) 1910
b) 1925
c) 1940
d) 1955

**Answer:** a) 1910

12. Which nursing leader is known for her contributions to public health nursing
and the establishment of the Visiting Nurse Service?
a) Lillian Wald
b) Clara Barton
c) Florence Nightingale
d) Mary Breckinridge

**Answer:** a) Lillian Wald

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13. Who founded the American Red Cross in 1881?
a) Florence Nightingale
b) Lillian Wald
c) Mary Mahoney
d) Clara Barton

**Answer:** d) Clara Barton

14. What was the impact of the Nurse Training Act of 1943 in the United States?
a) It provided scholarships for nursing students.
b) It established standards for nursing education programs.
c) It expanded nursing education opportunities during World War II.
d) It mandated licensing requirements for practicing nurses.

**Answer:** c) It expanded nursing education opportunities during World War

II.

15. Who is known for her contributions to transcultural nursing and the
development of the Culture Care Theory?
a) Lillian Wald
b) Florence Nightingale
c) Madeleine Leininger
d) Mary Seacole

**Answer:** c) Madeleine Leininger

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16. What was the focus of the Frontier Nursing Service founded by Mary
Breckinridge in 1925?
a) Providing healthcare services to urban populations
b) Offering midwifery services to rural communities
c) Advocating for nursing education reform
d) Conducting research on nursing practices

**Answer:** b) Offering midwifery services to rural communities

17. Who is considered the founder of modern midwifery in the United States?
a) Mary Seacole
b) Lillian Wald
c) Mary Breckinridge
d) Florence Nightingale

**Answer:** c) Mary Breckinridge

18. Which nursing leader is known for her contributions to psychiatric nursing and
the development of the Theory of Interpersonal Relations?
a) Clara Barton
b) Lillian Wald
c) Hildegard Peplau
d) Mary Mahoney

**Answer:** c) Hildegard Peplau

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19. Who is known for her contributions to nursing education and the establishment
of the American Journal of Nursing?
a) Clara Barton
b) Mary Breckinridge
c) Isabel Hampton Robb
d) Florence Nightingale

**Answer:** c) Isabel Hampton Robb

20. What was the impact of the Hill-Burton Act of 1946 on nursing practice in the
United States?
a) It provided funding for nursing research.
b) It expanded access to healthcare services in rural areas.
c) It established standards for nursing education.
d) It promoted the integration of nurse practitioners into primary care settings.

**Answer:** b) It expanded access to healthcare services in rural areas.

21. Which of the following nursing leaders is known for her contributions to
hospice and palliative care nursing?
a) Clara Barton
b) Cicely Saunders
c) Florence Nightingale
d) Mary Seacole

**Answer:** b) Cicely Saunders

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22. Who is known for her contributions to transcultural nursing and the
development of the Sunrise Model of Transcultural Nursing?
a) Madeleine Leininger
b) Mary Mahoney
c) Dorothea Dix
d) Lillian Wald

**Answer:** a) Madeleine Leininger

23. Who is known for her contributions to the development of the Self-Care Deficit
Theory of Nursing?
a) Clara Barton
b) Lillian Wald
c) Dorothea Orem
d) Mary Breckinridge

**Answer:** c) Dorothea Orem

24. What was the significance of the establishment of the Frontier Nursing
University by Mary Breckinridge?
a) It provided scholarships for nursing students.
b) It offered midwifery services to rural communities.
c) It advocated for nursing education reform.
d) It established standards for nursing education programs.

**Answer:** d) It established standards for nursing education programs.

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25. Which nursing leader is known for her contributions to nursing research and
evidence-based practice?
a) Florence Nightingale
b) Clara Barton
c) Virginia Henderson
d) Isabel Hampton Robb

**Answer:** c) Virginia Henderson

26. What was the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on nursing practice in
the United States?
a) It increased the demand for nursing services.
b) It mandated nurse-to-patient ratios in healthcare facilities.
c) It decreased the scope of practice for advanced practice nurses.
d) It eliminated the need for nursing licensure.

**Answer:** a) It increased the demand for nursing services.

27. Who is known for her contributions to community health nursing and the
establishment of the Henry Street Settlement in New York City?
a) Clara Barton
b) Lillian Wald
c) Florence Nightingale
d) Mary Breckinridge

**Answer:** b) Lillian Wald

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28. What is the primary goal of nursing advocacy?
a) To promote the interests of healthcare administrators
b) To prioritize the needs of insurance companies
c) To speak up for patients’ rights and best interests
d) To limit access to healthcare services

**Answer:** c) To speak up for patients’ rights and best interests

29. Who is known for her contributions to nursing informatics and the
development of the Nursing Informatics Competencies Model?
a) Clara Barton
b) Lillian Wald
c) Florence Nightingale
d) Virginia Henderson

**Answer:** d) Virginia Henderson

30. What was the significance of the establishment of the National League for
Nursing (NLN) in 1893?
a) It provided scholarships for nursing students.
b) It advocated for nursing education standards and accreditation.
c) It promoted the use of evidence-based practice in nursing.
d) It focused on providing healthcare services to underserved communities.

**Answer:** b) It advocated for nursing education standards and accreditation.

31. Which nursing leader is known for her contributions to pediatric nursing and
the establishment of the Children’s Bureau?

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 a) Lillian Wald
b) Florence Nightingale
c) Clara Barton
d) Mary Breckinridge

**Answer:** d) Mary Breckinridge

32. What is the primary goal of nursing research?

a) To increase healthcare costs
b) To maintain the status quo in patient care
c) To generate new knowledge and improve nursing practice
d) To limit access to healthcare resources

**Answer:** c) To generate new knowledge and improve nursing practice

33. Who is known for her contributions to nursing education and the development
of the Nursing Process Theory?
a) Clara Barton
b) Lillian Wald
c) Virginia Henderson
d) Florence Nightingale

**Answer:** c) Virginia Henderson

34. What is the role of nurses in promoting health equity?

a) To prioritize patients based on their socioeconomic status

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 b) To advocate for fair and just distribution of healthcare resources
c) To discriminate against patients based on their cultural background
d) To ignore disparities in healthcare access

**Answer:** b) To advocate for fair and just distribution of healthcare resources

35. Who is known for her contributions to nursing theory and the development of
the Theory of Human Caring?
a) Clara Barton
b) Lillian Wald
c) Jean Watson
d) Mary Breckinridge

**Answer:** c) Jean Watson

36. What is the primary goal of discharge planning in nursing care?

a) To keep patients in the hospital longer for observation
b) To transfer patients to another healthcare facility
c) To prepare patients for self-care at home or in a community setting
d) To reduce the workload for nursing staff

**Answer:** c) To prepare patients for self-care at home or in a community

setting

37. Which of the following nursing interventions is aimed at promoting patient

comfort?
a) Administering prescribed medications

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 b) Teaching patients about self-care techniques
c) Providing emotional support to patients
d) Implementing physical restraints as needed

**Answer:** c) Providing emotional support to patients

38. What is the primary purpose of utilizing quality improvement (QI) initiatives in
nursing practice?
a) To increase healthcare costs
b) To maintain the status quo in patient care
c) To identify and address areas for improvement in patient care delivery
d) To limit access to healthcare resources

**Answer:** c) To identify and address areas for improvement in patient care

delivery

39. Which nursing theorist is known for her Adaptation Model, emphasizing the
importance of the patient’s adaptation to internal and external stressors?
a) Florence Nightingale
b) Virginia Henderson
c) Sister Callista Roy
d) Martha Rogers

**Answer:** c) Sister Callista Roy

40. Which of the following is an example of a nursing-sensitive outcome?

a) Patient satisfaction with food quality

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 b) Length of hospital stay
c) Patient’s ability to perform activities of daily living
d) Nurse’s level of job satisfaction

**Answer:** c) Patient’s ability to perform activities of daily living

41. What is the primary goal of discharge planning in nursing care?

a) To keep patients in the hospital longer for observation
b) To transfer patients to another healthcare facility
c) To prepare patients for self-care at home or in a community setting
d) To reduce the workload for nursing staff

**Answer: c) To prepare patients for self-care at home or in a community

setting**

42. Which of the following nursing interventions is aimed at promoting patient

comfort?
a) Administering prescribed medications
b) Teaching patients about self-care techniques
c) Providing emotional support to patients
d) Implementing physical restraints as needed

**Answer: c) Providing emotional support to patients**

43. What is the primary purpose of utilizing quality improvement (QI) initiatives in
nursing practice?
a) To increase healthcare costs

14
 b) To maintain the status quo in patient care
c) To identify and address areas for improvement in patient care delivery
d) To limit access to healthcare resources

**Answer: c) To identify and address areas for improvement in patient care

delivery**

44. Which nursing theorist is known for her Adaptation Model, emphasizing the
importance of the patient’s adaptation to internal and external stressors?
a) Florence Nightingale
b) Virginia Henderson
c) Sister Callista Roy
d) Martha Rogers

**Answer: c) Sister Callista Roy**

45. Which of the following is an example of a nursing-sensitive outcome?

a) Patient satisfaction with food quality
b) Length of hospital stay
c) Patient’s ability to perform activities of daily living
d) Nurse’s level of job satisfaction

**Answer: c) Patient’s ability to perform activities of daily living**

46. What is the primary focus of the Assessment phase of the nursing process?
a) Implementing interventions
b) Identifying patient problems

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 c) Gathering and validating patient data
d) Documenting patient progress

**Answer: c) Gathering and validating patient data**

47. Which nursing theorist is known for her Theory of Interpersonal Relations,
emphasizing the importance of the nurse-patient relationship and therapeutic
communication?
a) Florence Nightingale
b) Virginia Henderson
c) Hildegard Peplau
d) Madeleine Leininger

**Answer: c) Hildegard Peplau**

48. What is the role of nurses in promoting health equity?

a) Prioritizing patients based on their socioeconomic status
b) Advocating for fair and just distribution of healthcare resources
c) Discriminating against patients based on their cultural background
d) Ignoring disparities in healthcare access

**Answer: b) Advocating for fair and just distribution of healthcare resources**

49. What is the primary goal of health promotion in nursing practice?

a) To treat existing diseases
b) To maintain current health status
c) To prevent illness and injury

16
 d) To improve the efficiency of healthcare delivery

**Answer: c) To prevent illness and injury**

50. Which nursing theorist is known for her Cultural Care Theory, emphasizing the
importance of culturally congruent care?
a) Florence Nightingale
b) Virginia Henderson
c) Madeleine Leininger
d) Dorothea Orem

**Answer: c) Madeleine Leininger**

51. Which of the following nursing roles involves providing comprehensive care
for patients across the lifespan, including health promotion, disease prevention, and
treatment of acute and chronic illnesses?
a) Nurse Manager
b) Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)
c) Nurse Practitioner (NP)
d) Nurse Educator

**Answer: c) Nurse Practitioner (NP)**

52. What is the purpose of utilizing evidence-based practice (EBP) in nursing?

a) To rely solely on personal experience and intuition
b) To incorporate the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and
patient preferences

17
 c) To follow outdated protocols and procedures
d) To minimize costs associated with patient care

**Answer: b) To incorporate the best available research evidence with clinical

expertise and patient preferences**

53. What is the primary purpose of conducting a nursing assessment?

a) To diagnose medical conditions
b) To develop a nursing care plan
c) To identify patient needs, strengths, and limitations
d) To administer medications safely

**Answer: c) To identify patient needs, strengths, and limitations**

54. Which nursing theorist is known for her Theory of Basic Human Needs,
emphasizing the importance of meeting patients’ physiological and psychosocial
needs?
a) Florence Nightingale
b) Virginia Henderson
c) Jean Watson
d) Martha Rogers

**Answer: b) Virginia Henderson**

55. What is the primary purpose of utilizing interdisciplinary collaboration in

nursing practice?
a) To increase workload for nursing staff
b) To promote teamwork and enhance patient outcomes

18
 c) To establish hierarchy among healthcare providers
d) To limit access to healthcare resources

**Answer: b) To promote teamwork and enhance patient outcomes**

56. Which of the following statements best describes the concept of cultural
competence in nursing practice?
a) Cultural competence involves ignoring cultural differences to maintain
objectivity.
b) Cultural competence refers to a nurse’s ability to speak multiple languages
fluently.
c) Cultural competence involves respecting and understanding cultural
differences to provide effective care.
d) Cultural competence requires imposing the nurse’s cultural values on patients.

**Answer: c) Cultural competence involves respecting and understanding

cultural differences to provide effective care.**

57. What is the primary goal of discharge planning in nursing care?

a) To keep patients in the hospital longer for observation
b) To transfer patients to another healthcare facility
c) To prepare patients for self-care at home or in a community setting
d) To reduce the workload for nursing staff

**Answer: c) To prepare patients for self-care at home or in a community

setting**

19
58. Which of the following nursing interventions is aimed at promoting patient
comfort?
a) Administering prescribed medications
b) Teaching patients about self-care techniques
c) Providing emotional support to patients
d) Implementing physical restraints as needed

**Answer: c) Providing emotional support to patients**

59. What is the primary purpose of utilizing quality improvement (QI) initiatives in
nursing practice?
a) To increase healthcare costs
b) To maintain the status quo in patient care
c) To identify and address areas for improvement in patient care delivery
d) To limit access to healthcare resources

**Answer: c) To identify and address areas for improvement in patient care

delivery**

60. Which nursing theorist is known for her Adaptation Model, emphasizing the
importance of the patient’s adaptation to internal and external stressors?
a) Florence Nightingale
b) Virginia Henderson
c) Sister Callista Roy
d) Martha Rogers

**Answer: c) Sister Callista Roy**

20
61. Which of the following is an example of a nursing-sensitive outcome?
a) Patient satisfaction with food quality
b) Length of hospital stay
c) Patient’s ability to perform activities of daily living
d) Nurse’s level of job satisfaction

**Answer: c) Patient’s ability to perform activities of daily living**

62. What is the primary focus of the Assessment phase of the nursing process?
a) Implementing interventions
b) Identifying patient problems
c) Gathering and validating patient data
d) Documenting patient progress

**Answer: c) Gathering and validating patient data**

63. Which nursing theorist is known for her Theory of Interpersonal Relations,
emphasizing the importance of the nurse-patient relationship and therapeutic
communication?
a) Florence Nightingale
b) Virginia Henderson
c) Hildegard Peplau
d) Madeleine Leininger

**Answer: c) Hildegard Peplau**

21
64. What is the role of nurses in promoting health equity?
a) Prioritizing patients based on their socioeconomic status
b) Advocating for fair and just distribution of healthcare resources
c) Discriminating against patients based on their cultural background
d) Ignoring disparities in healthcare access

**Answer: b) Advocating for fair and just distribution of healthcare resources**

65. What is the primary goal of health promotion in nursing practice?

a) To treat existing diseases
b) To maintain current health status
c) To prevent illness and injury
d) To improve the efficiency of healthcare delivery

**Answer: c) To prevent illness and injury**

66. Which nursing theorist is known for her Cultural Care Theory, emphasizing the
importance of culturally congruent care?
a) Florence Nightingale
b) Virginia Henderson
c) Madeleine Leininger
d) Dorothea Orem

**Answer: c) Madeleine Leininger**

22
67. Which of the following nursing roles involves providing comprehensive care
for patients across the lifespan, including health promotion, disease prevention, and
treatment of acute and chronic illnesses?
a) Nurse Manager
b) Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)
c) Nurse Practitioner (NP)
d) Nurse Educator

**Answer: c) Nurse Practitioner (NP)**

68. What is the purpose of utilizing evidence-based practice (EBP) in nursing?

a) To rely solely on personal experience and intuition
b) To incorporate the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and
patient preferences
c) To follow outdated protocols and procedures
d) To minimize costs associated with patient care

**Answer: b) To incorporate the best available research evidence with clinical

expertise and patient preferences**

69. What is the primary purpose of conducting a nursing assessment?

a) To diagnose medical conditions
b) To develop a nursing care plan
c) To identify patient needs, strengths, and limitations
d) To administer medications safely

**Answer: c) To identify patient needs, strengths, and limitations**

23
70. Which nursing theorist is known for her Theory of Basic Human Needs,
emphasizing the importance of meeting patients’ physiological and psychosocial
needs?
a) Florence Nightingale
b) Virginia Henderson
c) Jean Watson
d) Martha Rogers

**Answer: b) Virginia Henderson**

71. What is the primary purpose of utilizing interdisciplinary collaboration in

nursing practice?
a) To increase workload for nursing staff
b) To promote teamwork and enhance patient outcomes
c) To establish hierarchy among healthcare providers
d) To limit access to healthcare resources

**Answer: b) To promote teamwork and enhance patient outcomes**

72. Which of the following statements best describes the concept of cultural
competence in nursing practice?
a) Cultural competence involves ignoring cultural differences to maintain
objectivity.
b) Cultural competence refers to a nurse’s ability to speak multiple languages
fluently.
c) Cultural competence involves respecting and understanding cultural
differences to provide effective care.

24
 d) Cultural competence requires imposing the nurse’s cultural values on patients.

**Answer: c) Cultural competence involves respecting and understanding

cultural differences to provide effective care.**

73. What is the primary goal of discharge planning in nursing care?

a) To keep patients in the hospital longer for observation
b) To transfer patients to another healthcare facility
c) To prepare patients for self-care at home or in a community setting
d) To reduce the workload for nursing staff

**Answer: c) To prepare patients for self-care at home or in a community

setting**

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