Process Description

Abirami.V.
AP, English
 Process Description
1. To describe a process, analyze the diagram so you'd
be able to comprehend each stage of the process.
2. Time words and phrases help when you mention each
stage. Use them to your advantage.
3. Likewise, use the passive, and present and past
participle clauses in the descriptions.
4. In all cases, it is recommended that you organize your
thoughts via an outline, or any technique you're familiar
with, before you start writing.
5. Finally, always check if all the essential information
from the picture or diagram is in your description.
• The letter is written
• The letter is put in an envelope
• An address is written on the letter and a stamp
stuck on
• The letter is posted
• The post is collected and taken to the post office,
where it is sorted
• The letter is delivered
• The letter is received, opened and read
• The letter is thrown away
• The rubbish is collected
• The paper is recycled
• The paper is bought from a shop
• The letter is written
 How A Photocopier Works
are then applied charged emerges enables
is given is then transferred to produce
Static electricity ----------- a photocopier ----------- almost
instant copies of the documents. At the heart of the machine
is a metal drum which ----------- a negative charge at the
beginning of the copying cycle. The optical system then
projects an image of the document on the drum. The electric
charge disappears where light strikes the metal surface, so
only dark parts of the image remain ------Positively charged
particles of toner powder ----------to the drum. The charged
parts of the drum attract the dark powder, which ----------- to
a piece of paper. A heater seals the powder to the paper, and a
warm copy of the document ----------- from the photocopier
 How A Photocopier Works

Static electricity enables a photocopier to produce

almost instant copies of the documents. At the heart of
the machine is a metal drum which is given a
negative charge at the beginning of the copying cycle.
The optical system then projects an image of the
document on the drum. The electric charge disappears
where light strikes the metal surface, so only dark
parts of the image remain charged. Positively
charged particles of toner powder are then applied
to the drum. The charged parts of the drum attract the
dark powder, which is then transferred to a piece
of paper. A heater seals the powder to the paper, and a
 Gap-fill exercise
are conveyed are cut are felled
are found are mixed
are placed are produced
are removed are sawn
are transported bleached crushed
dried is cleaned is made
is passed is squeezed is stripped
1 Paper ------ from wood.
2 Many of the world’s paper mills ------ in those
countries which have great forests - Canada,
Sweden and Finland.
3 The trees ------ , or cut down
4 The branches and leaves ------
5 The trees ------ to the sawmill.
6 The bark ------ from the trunks.
7 The trunks ------ into logs.

8 They ------ to the paper mill.

9 They ------ in the shredder.
10 They ------ into small chips.
11 They ------ with water and acid.
12 They are heated and ------ to a heavy pulp.
13 This ------ wood pulp
14 It is also chemically ------ to whiten it.
15 It ------ through rollers to flatten it.
16 Sheets of wet paper ------.

17 The water ------ from the sheets.

18 These sheets are ------ and refined until the
finished paper is produced.
 From Oilfield to Petrol Station
Use the information in the following flow diagram to describe the stages
from the discovery of oil to the sale of petrol in the filling station.
Oil is one of the most important
commodities in the modern world.
The process begins in the oil field.
First the oil has to be located.
Once the oil has been found, pipelines are
built to pump the oil to storage tanks.
The next step is the most important one -
refining.
The crude oil is refined to produce different
products such as petrol, aviation fuel, diesel,
and tar.
Sulphur and water have to be removed,
and sometimes other chemicals are
added to improve the quality of the
petrol.
After the petrol is refined it is stored in
huge tanks.
It is then shipped to countries all
around the world in massive
supertankers, and transported to petrol
stations in tankers.
At the stations, the petrol is stored
underground in tanks and then finally it
is ready to be pumped into your car.
ThankYou