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CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Exam Objectives
Bloom’s
Network+ Exam Domain Module Taxonomy
1.0: Networking Fundamentals
1.1 C
ompare and contrast the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model
1, 4, 9 Analyze
layers and encapsulation concepts.
1.2 Explain the characteristics of network topologies and network types. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9 Understand
1.3 S
ummarize the types of cables and connectors and explain which is
2, 5 Remember
the appropriate type for a solution.
1.4 Given a scenario, configure a subnet and use appropriate IP addressing
3, 7, 8 Apply
schemes.
1.5 E
xplain common ports and protocols, their application, and encrypted
1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 12 Understand
alternatives.
1.6 Explain the use and purpose of network services. 3, 8, 11 Understand
1.7 Explain basic corporate and datacenter network architecture. 7 Understand
1.8 Summarize cloud concepts and connectivity options. 7, 9, 11 Remember
2.0: Network Implementations
2.1 C
ompare and contrast various devices, their features, and their
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 Analyze
appropriate placement on the network.
2.2 C
ompare and contrast routing technologies and bandwidth
9, 12 Analyze
management concepts.
2.3 G
iven a scenario, configure and deploy common Ethernet switching
3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12 Apply
features.
2.4 G
iven a scenario, install and configure the appropriate wireless
6, 9 Apply
standards and technologies.
3.0: Network Operations
3.1 G
iven a scenario, use the appropriate statistics and sensors to ensure
2, 5, 7, 9, 12 Apply
network availability.
3.2 Explain the purpose of organizational documents and policies. 2, 4, 6, 10, 12 Understand
3.3 E
xplain high availability and disaster recovery concepts and summarize
1, 2, 7, 9, 11, 12 Understand
which is the best solution.
4.0: Network Security
4.1 Explain common security concepts. 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 Understand
4.2 Compare and contrast common types of attacks. 4, 6, 8, 10, 11 Analyze
4.3 Given a scenario, apply network hardening techniques. 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 Apply
4.4 C
ompare and contrast remote access methods and security
4, 11 Analyze
implications.
4.5 Explain the importance of physical security. 10 Understand
5.0: Network Troubleshooting
5.1 Explain the network troubleshooting methodology. 1 Understand
5.2 G
iven a scenario, troubleshoot common cable connectivity issues and
2, 5, 6, 11 Analyze
select the appropriate tools.
5.3 G
iven a scenario, use the appropriate network software tools and
2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12 Apply
commands.
5.4 Given a scenario, troubleshoot common wireless connectivity issues. 6 Analyze
5.5 Given a scenario, troubleshoot general networking issues. 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Analyze
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Ninth Edition
CompTIA
Network+
Guide to Networks
Jill West
Networking
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BRIEF CONTENTS
Prefaceix Module 10
Risk Management 541
Module 1
Introduction to Networking 1 Module 11
Security in Network Design 607
Module 2
Infrastructure and Documentation 53 Module 12
Performance and Recovery 667
Module 3
Addressing 107 appendix a
CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Certification
Module 4 Exam Objectives 725
Protocols 167
Module 5 appendix B
Visual Guide to Connectors 745
Cabling 231
Module 6 appendix C
Wireless Networking 295 CompTIA Network+ Practice Exam 747
Module 7 appendix D
Network Architecture 357 Rubric for Hands-on Projects and Capstone
Projects 759
Module 8
GLOSSARY 761
Segmentation 423
Index 795
Module 9
Wide Area Networking 481
Table of Contents
Prefaceix Labeling and Naming Conventions 77
Business Documents 78
Module 1 Change Management 80
Software and Hardware Changes 80
Introduction to Networking 1 Change Management Documentation 82
Network Models 2 Module Summary 85
Peer-to-Peer Network Model 3 Key Terms 86
Client-Server Network Model 5 Review Questions 87
Client-Server Applications 7
Hands-On Projects 88
Network Services and Their Protocols 7
Network Hardware 10 Module 3
LANs and Their Hardware 11
MANs and WANs 16 Addressing107
The Seven-Layer OSI Model 18
Addressing Overview 108
Layer 7: Application Layer 20
Layer 6: Presentation Layer 20 MAC Addresses 109
Layer 5: Session Layer 20 IP Addresses 112
Layer 4: Transport Layer 20 IPv4 Addresses 114
Layer 3: Network Layer 21 IPv6 Addresses 121
Layer 2: Data Link Layer 21 Types of IPv6 Addresses 122
Layer 1: Physical Layer 22 Ports and Sockets 126
Protocol Data Unit or PDU 22
Summary of How the Layers Work Domain Names and DNS 130
Together 22 Namespace Databases 131
Safety Procedures and Policies 25 Name Servers 131
Resource Records in a DNS Database 133
Emergency Procedures 25
DNS Server Software 135
Safety Precautions 26
Troubleshooting Address Problems 137
Troubleshooting Network Problems 29
Troubleshooting Tools 137
Module Summary 33 Common Network Issues 147
Key Terms 36 Module Summary 151
Review Questions 36 Key Terms 154
Hands-On Projects 38 Review Questions 155
Module 2
Infrastructure and Module 4
Documentation53 Protocols167
Components of Structured Cabling 54 TCP/IP Core Protocols 168
From the Demarc to a Workstation 55 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 169
Cabling 62 UDP (User Datagram Protocol) 174
Monitoring the Environment IP (Internet Protocol) 175
and Security 65 ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) 180
Network Documentation 67 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) on IPv4
Network Diagrams 67 Networks 181
Operating Procedures 74 NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) 182
Inventory Management 76 Ethernet 183
Table of Contents v
Encryption Protocols 186 Cable Performance Tester 273

Key Encryption 187 OPM (Optical Power Meter) 274
IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) 188 Module Summary 275
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS
Key Terms 278
(Transport Layer Security) 189
Review Questions 279
Remote Access Protocols 192
Remote File Access 194 Hands-On Projects 280
Terminal Emulation 194
VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) 199 Module 6
Remote Access Policies 202
Troubleshooting Network Issues 204 Wireless Networking 295
Troubleshooting Tools 204 Characteristics of Wireless Transmissions 296
Solving Common Network Problems 208
The Wireless Spectrum 296
Module Summary 211 Channel Management 300
Key Terms 214 Antennas 301
Signal Propagation 303
802.11 WLAN Standards 306
802.11 Innovations 308
Access Method 310
Module 5 Association and Wireless Topologies 311
IEEE 802.11 Frames 314
Cabling231 Implementing a Wi-Fi Network 316
Transmission Basics 232 Determine the Design 316
Frequency, Bandwidth, and Throughput 232 Configure Wi-Fi Connectivity Devices 321
Transmission Flaws 235 Configure Wi-Fi Clients 322
Duplex, Half-Duplex, and Simplex 237 Wi-Fi Network Security 325
Multiplexing 238 WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) 326
Copper Cable 240 WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access, Version 2) 326
Coaxial Cable and Twinaxial Cable 240 Personal and Enterprise 327
Twisted-Pair Cable 243 Other Security Configurations 329
STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) 245 Security Threats to Wi-Fi Networks 331
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) 247 Troubleshooting Wi-Fi Networks 334
Comparing STP and UTP 247 Wi-Fi Network Tools 334
Cable Pinouts 248 Avoid Pitfalls 335
PoE (Power over Ethernet) 254
Module Summary 340
Ethernet Standards for Twisted-Pair Cable 256
Fiber-Optic Cable 258 Key Terms 342
SMF (Single Mode Fiber) 260 Review Questions 343
MMF (Multimode Fiber) 261 Hands-On Projects 344
Fiber Connectors 261
Media Converters 263
Fiber Transceivers 264
Module 7
Ethernet Standards for Fiber-Optic Cable 266
Common Fiber-Cable Problems 267 Network Architecture 357
Cable Troubleshooting Tools 268 Physical Architecture 359
Toner and Probe Kit 269 Managed Switches 360
Multimeter 270 Switch Path Management 360
Cable Continuity Tester 271 Switch Port Security 363
vi CompTIA Network+ Guide to Networks
Hierarchical Design 363 Review Questions 460

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) 367 Hands-On Projects 461
Storage Area Network (SAN) 370
Virtual Architecture 374 Module 9
Network Connection Types 376
Pros and Cons of Virtualization 383 Wide Area Networking 481
NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) 385
Cloud Architecture 386 WAN Essentials 482
Cloud Service Models 388 Entry Point Equipment 483
Cloud Deployment Models 390 Routing Protocols 485
Orchestration and Automation 391 Routing Tables 487
Connectivity and Security 392 Routing Path Types 489
Network Availability 394 route 489
Fault Tolerance 395 Routing Metrics 490
Routing Protocols to Determine Best
Module Summary 402 Paths 490
Key Terms 404 Interior and Exterior Gateway Protocols 491
Routing Redundancy 493
WAN Connectivity 495
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) 498
Cable Broadband 500
Module 8 Fiber 503
Leased Lines 504
Segmentation423 MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) 505
Cloud Connectivity Options 507
Network Segmentation 424 Software-defined WAN (SD-WAN) 508
Subnet Masks 426 Wireless WANs 511
How Subnet Masks Work 428 Cellular 511
Calculating Subnets 431 Satellite 515
IPv4 Subnet Calculation in Binary 432 Troubleshooting Connections 517
IPv4 Subnet Calculations Using Internet Connectivity Issues 517
Formulas 434 Interface Problems 517
Subnet Mask Tables 437 Routing Issues 520
Subnetting Questions on Exams 437
Module Summary 524
Implementing Subnets on a Network 439
Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) 442 Key Terms 527
Subnets in IPv6 444 Review Questions 527
Virtual LANs (VLANs) 447 Hands-On Projects 528
Switch Port Configuration 448
VLAN Trunks 451
VLANs and Subnets 452
Module 10
Types of VLANs 453
View Configured VLANs 455 Risk Management 541
Dynamic VLAN Assignment 456 Security Risks 542
Troubleshoot and Secure VLANs 456
People Risks 545
Module Summary 458 Technology Risks 548
Key Terms 460 Malware Risks 552
Table of Contents vii
Risk Assessment and Management 557 Authentication Technologies 637

Attack Simulations 558 Directory Services 638
Red Team–Blue Team Exercise 559 Kerberos 639
Scanning Tools 560 SSO (Single Sign-On) 642
Honeypots and Honeynets 561 RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In
Physical Security 562 User Service) 643
TACACS1 (Terminal Access Controller Access
Prevention Methods 563
Control System Plus) 644
Detection Methods 566
Device Hardening 569 Module Summary 646
Updates and Security Patches 569 Key Terms 648
Administrative Credentials 571 Review Questions 649
Services and Protocols 573
Passwords 575 Hands-On Projects 650
Anti-Malware Software 578
Asset Disposal 579 Module 12
Security Policies for Users 580
Security Policy Goals 581
Performance and Recovery 667
BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) 582 Collect Network Data 668
AUP (Acceptable Use Policy) 582
Environmental Monitoring 668
NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement) 584
Traffic Monitoring Tools 672
Password Policy 584
Privileged User Agreement 587 Manage Network Traffic 683
Anti-Malware Policy 587 Performance Baselines 684
Bandwidth Management 685
Module Summary 589
Flow Control 686
Key Terms 591 Congestion Control 687
Review Questions 592 QoS (Quality of Service) Assurance 688

Plan Response and Recovery
Strategies691
Incident Response 692
Module 11 Data Preservation 693
Disaster Recovery Planning 694
Security in Network Design 607 Disaster Recovery Contingencies 695
Network Hardening by Design 608 Power Management 696
Router and Switch Security Configurations 608 Backup Systems 701
Switch Security Configurations 611 Module Summary 706
Network Security Technologies 615 Key Terms 707
Proxy Servers 615 Review Questions 708
Firewalls 617
IDS (Intrusion Detection System) 624 Hands-On Projects 709
IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) 627
Cloud Security Technologies 627 appendix a
Authentication, Authorization, and
Accounting (AAA) 629 CompTIA Network+ N10-008
Authentication 630 Certification Exam
Authorization 634
Accounting 634
Objectives725
viii CompTIA Network+ Guide to Networks
appendix B appendix D
Visual Guide to Connectors 745 Rubric for Hands-on
Projects and Capstone
appendix C Projects759
GLOSSARY 761
CompTIA Network+ Practice
index 795
Exam747
Preface
Knowing how to install, configure, and troubleshoot a computer network is a highly marketable and excit-
ing skill. This course first introduces the fundamental building blocks that form a modern network, such
as hardware, topologies, and protocols, along with an introduction to the OSI model. It then provides in-
depth coverage of the most important concepts in contemporary networking, including TCP/IP, Ethernet,
wireless transmission, virtual networks, cloud computing, segmentation, security, performance optimiza-
tion, and troubleshooting. After reading the modules and completing the exercises, you will be prepared
to select the network design, hardware, and software that best fit your environment. You will also have
the skills to build a network from scratch and maintain, upgrade, troubleshoot, and manage an existing
network. Finally, you will be well-prepared to take CompTIA’s Network+ N10-008 certification exam.
This course explains technical concepts logically and in a clear, approachable style. In addi-
tion, concepts are reinforced by real-world examples of networking issues from a professional’s
standpoint. Each module opens with an “On the Job” story from a network engineer, technician, or
administrator. These insightful stories of actual events, along with Applying Concepts activities,
Hands-On Projects, and Capstone Projects in each module, make this text a practical learning tool.
The numerous tables and color illustrations, along with the glossary, appendices, and study ques-
tions, provide a valuable reference for any networking professional.
Intended Audience
This course is intended to serve the needs of students and professionals who are interested in
mastering fundamental, vendor-neutral networking concepts. No previous networking experience
is necessary to begin learning from this text, although knowledge of basic computer principles is
helpful. Those seeking to pass CompTIA’s Network+ certification exam will find the course’s content,
approach, and numerous study questions especially helpful. For more information on CompTIA®
Network+ certification, visit CompTIA’s website at comptia.org.
The course’s pedagogical features are designed to provide a truly interactive learning experi-
ence, preparing you for the challenges of the highly dynamic networking industry. In addition to the
information presented in the text, each module includes Applying Concepts activities and Hands-On
Projects that guide you through software and hardware configuration in a step-by-step fashion. At
the end of each module, you will also find progressive Capstone Projects that give you the oppor-
tunity to build on previous modules’ work and connect ideas from module to module using various
virtualized, emulated, and cloud environments.
Module Descriptions
The following list summarizes the topics covered in each module of this course:
Module 1, “Introduction to Networking,” begins by answering the question “What is a network?”
Next, it presents the fundamental types of networks and describes the devices and topologies that
create a network. This module also introduces the OSI model, best practices for safety when work-
ing with networks, and the seven-step troubleshooting model.
Module 2, “Infrastructure and Documentation,” begins with a tour through a campus network’s
data rooms, from the ISP’s entry point through to the users’ endpoints. The module introduces best
practices for managing network and cabling equipment and explains issues related to managing the
x CompTIA Network+ Guide to Networks
environment in which networking equipment operates. This module also describes characteristics of documentation
and explains how to create a network diagram that can be used in troubleshooting. It ends with a discussion on how
to create and follow appropriate change management procedures in an enterprise network environment.
Module 3, “Addressing,” describes addressing standards used by devices on a network at various layers of the OSI
model, including MAC addresses at the data link layer, IP addresses at the network layer, and ports and sockets at the
transport layer. It also explains how host names and domain names work. The module concludes with an introduction
to commands used in troubleshooting networks.
Module 4, “Protocols,” describes the functions of the core TCP/IP protocols, including TCP, UDP, IP, and others. It
compares common encryption protocols, such as IPsec and SSL, and then explores common remote access protocols,
such as SSH, RDP, and VPNs. The module finishes with a discussion of TCP/IP utilities used for network discovery and
troubleshooting.
Module 5, “Cabling,” discusses basic data transmission concepts, including throughput, bandwidth, multiplexing,
and common transmission flaws. Next, it describes copper cables, fiber-optic cables, and Ethernet standards, com-
paring the benefits and limitations of different networking media. The module then concludes with an examination of
common cable problems and the tools used for troubleshooting those problems.
Module 6, “Wireless Networking,” examines how nodes exchange wireless signals and identifies potential obstacles
to successful wireless transmission. The module explores wireless technologies that support the IoT (Internet of
Things). It then describes WLAN (wireless LAN) architecture and specifies the characteristics of popular WLAN trans-
mission methods. In this module, you will also learn how to install and configure wireless access points and clients,
manage wireless security concerns, and evaluate common problems experienced with wireless networks.
Module 7, “Network Architecture,” takes a journey through the progression of abstraction in network architecture.
It begins with a description of switch management and a comparison of three-tiered and two-tiered (spine-and-leaf)
switch architectures. After some discussion of SDN (software-defined networking) and SAN (storage area network)
technologies, the module presents common virtual network connection types and the concept of NFV (Network Func-
tions Virtualization). It then identifies features and benefits of cloud architecture, connectivity, and automation. The
module concludes with a discussion of key network availability concepts.
Module 8, “Segmentation,” explores the advantages and methods of network segmentation. The module examines
the purposes of subnets and their calculations. It then describes techniques for segmenting with VLANs and explains
related, advanced features of switches, including VLAN management.
Module 9, “Wide Area Networking,” expands your knowledge beyond the LAN with a discussion of WAN (wide area
network) concepts and technologies. The module explores how routers work and how various internal and external
gateway protocols select and manage routes between networks. The module follows the progression of a fictional com-
pany to compare WAN connectivity options, including DSL, cable broadband, leased lines, MPLS (Multiprotocol Label
Switching), cloud connectivity options, and SD-WAN (software-defined WAN) so you’ll understand how each technology
works and what makes each one unique. It then explores common wireless WAN technologies. The module concludes
with a discussion of common Internet connectivity issues and interface configuration problems.
Module 10, “Risk Management,” covers common security risks and vulnerabilities on a network, including risks
associated with people, technology, and malware infections. Here you’ll also learn how to assess a network’s weak-
nesses, how to apply appropriate physical security measures, and how to harden devices on the network. Finally, this
module teaches you about the kinds of information you should include in security policies for users.
Module 11, “Security in Network Design,” examines methods for hardening router and switch configurations, fol-
lowed by an exploration of common security devices specifically designed to protect a network. The module breaks
down AAA (authentication, authorization, and accounting) processes that control users’ access to network resources
and looks closely at the partnership between authentication and directory services.
Module 12, “Performance and Recovery,” presents basic network management concepts and describes how to
utilize system and event logs to collect network data. It then explores methods of using this information to evaluate,
monitor, manage, and optimize network performance. The module closes with a discussion of threats to network avail-
ability and components of a reliable disaster recovery plan and a defensible incident response plan.
The four appendices at the end of this course serve as references for the networking professional:
Appendix A, “CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Certification Exam Objectives,” provides a complete list of the latest
CompTIA Network+ certification exam objectives, including the percentage of the exam’s content that each domain
represents and which modules and sections in the text cover material associated with each objective.
Preface xi
Appendix B, “Visual Guide to Connectors,” provides a visual connector reference chart for quick identification of
connectors and receptacles used in contemporary networking.
Appendix C, “CompTIA Network+ Practice Exam,” offers a practice exam containing 100 questions similar in con-
tent and presentation to the multiple-choice questions you will find on CompTIA’s Network+ examination.
Appendix D, “Project and Discussion Rubrics,” gives instructors and students a set of standards for assessing
student understanding of and engagement with each module’s discussion assignments and project activities.
Features
To aid you in fully understanding networking concepts, this course includes many features designed to enhance your
learning experience.
• On the Job stories—Each module begins with a real-world story giving context for the technology and con-
cepts presented, providing insight into a variety of modern computing environments from the various perspec-
tives of different professionals in the IT industry.
• Module Objectives—Each module lists the learning objectives to be mastered within that module. This list
serves as a quick reference to the module’s contents and a useful study aid.
• Applying Concepts activities—Embedded throughout each module, these “just-in-time” activities help you
solidify your understanding of concepts as you read, providing immediate practice of relevant skills with
step-by-step instructions.
• Colorful illustrations, photos, tables, and bullet lists—Numerous full-color illustrations and photos of net-
work media, protocol behavior, hardware, topology, software screens, peripherals, and components help
you visualize common network elements, theories, and concepts. Insightful diagrams provide details and
comparisons of both practical and theoretical information. The many tables and bulleted lists make essential
information easily accessible for quick reference, presenting condensed information in easy-to-digest chunks.
• OSI layer icons—These icons provide visual reinforcement of the link between concepts and the relevant lay-
ers of the OSI model. A thorough understanding of where concepts sit on the OSI model makes managing and
troubleshooting networks more effective and efficient.
• CompTIA Network+ Exam Tips and Notes—Each module’s content is supplemented with Note features that
provide additional insight and understanding, while CompTIA Network+ Exam Tips guide you in your prepara-
tions for taking the CompTIA Network+ certification exam.
• Legacy Networking features—Older technology covered by the CompTIA Network+ exam provides historical
reference to current technology.
• Key Terms and Glossary—Highlighted key terms emphasize the core concepts of networking and are defined
in the convenient Glossary.
• Module Summaries—Each module’s text is followed by a summary of the concepts introduced in that module.
These summaries help you revisit the ideas covered in each module.
• Review Questions—The end-of-module assessment begins with a set of review questions that reinforce the
ideas introduced in each module. Many questions are situational. Rather than simply asking you to repeat
what you learned, these questions help you evaluate and apply the material you learned. Answering these
questions will help ensure that you have mastered the important concepts and provide valuable practice for
taking CompTIA’s Network+ exam.
• Hands-On Projects—Although it is important to understand the theory behind networking technology, nothing
beats real-world experience. To this end, each module provides several Hands-On Projects aimed at providing
you with practical software and hardware implementation experience as well as practice in applying critical
thinking skills to the concepts learned throughout the module. Requiring only a Windows 10 computer and a
typical home network, the projects rely on cloud, virtualization, and simulation technologies to ensure acces-
sibility in a wide variety of learning environments.
• Capstone Projects—Each module concludes with two or three in-depth projects where you implement the
skills and knowledge gained in the module through real design and implementation scenarios in a variety of
networking environments. With the help of sophisticated virtualization and emulation products available
xii CompTIA Network+ Guide to Networks
free online, the Capstone Projects introduce you to a multitude of real-world software, hardware, and
other solutions that increase your familiarity with these products in preparation for addressing workforce
challenges.
• Support for building good habits—Supplemental steps in many projects guide you in creating a customized
wiki to document information learned and projects completed. A project in the final module gives tips for
organizing this wiki as a way to display your new skills for job interviews.
• User-friendly organization—Logical arrangement of content consolidates similar concepts for efficient cover-
age, allowing for deeper investigation of particularly rich concepts and skills that are emphasized in the latest
CompTIA Network+ N10-008 exam, including a strong emphasis on security, troubleshooting, and virtualiza-
tion, with added coverage of cloud, wireless, and switch technologies.
New to this Edition

Just as networking technology continues to evolve, so does learning science and the insights available to course
designers. In the interest of providing you with the most effective and durable learning experience, this latest edition
is packed with improvements and enriched features.
• Fully updated—Content maps completely to CompTIA’s Network+ N10-008 exam for productive exam
preparation.
• “Remember this . . .” feature—Section-specific learning objectives blend the Network+ exam objectives with
the material covered in each section to help you focus on the most important points of that section.
• Self-check questions—Periodic multiple choice questions sprinkled throughout the readings help you men-
tally complete the “learning cycle” as you practice recalling the information as you learn it. With answers and
thorough explanations at the end of each module, you can check your own learning and assess your progress
toward mastering each module’s objectives.
• Project prompts—“You’re ready” boxes in the module indicate at which point you’ve learned all required
concepts to competently complete each project at the end of the module. By embedding this information in
your learning path, you can choose to interleave hands-on activities with your reading or continue with your
reading and leave the projects for later.
• Flexible learning environment—New and updated skills-based projects encourage hands-on exploration of
module concepts. These projects include thought-provoking questions that encourage critical thinking and
in-depth evaluation of the material. The software tools used in the projects are included in Windows or freely
available online, and hardware requirements are kept to a minimum, making these projects accessible to more
students in a wide variety of learning environments.
• Group activities—Some projects in each module offer optional group work activities to enhance the explora-
tion of various concepts and skills.
• Cloud, virtualization, and emulation technologies—Projects at the end of each module challenge you to
explore concepts and apply skills with real-world tools. Many projects employ Cisco’s network simulator,
Packet Tracer, so you can practice setting up a network from start to finish, including device configuration,
subnetting, and extensive use of the command line. Other projects guide you in configuring virtual networks so
you can experience more complex networking concepts within a single, physical computer. Some new projects
also take you into AWS so you can “get your hands dirty in the cloud” and discover why IT as an industry is
becoming cloud-centric.
Text and Graphic Conventions

7 Application
Wherever appropriate, additional information and exercises have been added to this text to
6 Presentation
help you better understand the topic at hand. The following labels and icons are used through- 5 Session
out the text to alert you to additional materials: 4 Transport
OSI model icons highlight the specific layer(s) of the OSI model being discussed, and they 3 Network
indicate when the layers of interest change throughout the module. 2 Data Link
1 Physical
Preface xiii
Note
Prolific notes draw your attention to helpful material related to the subject being described and offer expanded
insights to enrich your understanding.
Exam The CompTIA Network+ Exam Tip icon provides helpful pointers when studying for the exam.
Tip
Legacy Networking
Studying older technologies can help you better understand the ways current technologies developed and what additional
challenges future technologies need to overcome. By setting this information apart, you can identify which standards have
become obsolete but still offer rich and insightful context for understanding networking and for preparing to take the Net-
work+ exam.
Applying Concepts
Embedded Applying Concepts activities give you “just-in-time” practice with skills and concepts as you read about them.
Remember this . . .
The Remember this . . . feature highlights important points from each section as you finish reading that material. This
invitation to pause and reflect helps you track your learning and ensure you’re absorbing the most relevant concepts
as you go.
Self-check
To complete the learning cycle, these self-check questions help you practice recalling the information you’ve read.
With answers and extensive explanations provided to readers at the end of each module, this low-stakes practice testing
helps you assess how well you’re learning and what material you might need to review before completing graded work.
You’re Ready
These action pointers indicate when you’ve studied the concepts needed for each Hands-on Project at the end of the module.
At each point, you can choose whether to take a break from reading to apply the concepts you’ve learned, or you can keep
reading. These forks in the learning path encourage you to actively engage in choosing how you learn best.
xiv CompTIA Network+ Guide to Networks
Hands-On Projects
Each Hands-On Project in this course is preceded by the estimated time to complete the project, the relevant exam
objective, the required resources, and a description of the project. Hands-On Projects help you understand the theory
behind networking with activities using the latest network software and hardware.
Capstone Projects
Capstone Projects give you the opportunity to apply concepts in a more in-depth way than what the Hands-On
Projects offer. By building on each other, these Capstones weave concepts from module to module, allowing you to
make creative connections and see the big picture. They challenge you to demonstrate a solid understanding and
application of skills required for the CompTIA Network+ exam and a career in networking.
✔ Certification
Each main section of a module begins with a list of all relevant CompTIA Network+ objectives covered in
that section. This unique feature highlights the important information at a glance and helps you better
anticipate how deeply you need to understand the concepts covered.
Instructor Materials
Everything you need for your course is in one place. This collection of book-specific lecture and class tools is available
online. Please visit login.cengage.com and log in to access instructor-specific resources on the Instructor Companion
Site, which includes the Guide to Teaching Online; Instructor Manual; Solutions to the textbook and MindTap, and live
virtual machine labs; Test Bank files; PowerPoint Presentations; Syllabus; and Student Downloads.
• Guide to Teaching Online—The Guide to Teaching Online includes two main parts. Part 1 offers general tech-
nological and pedagogical considerations and resources, and Part 2 provides discipline-specific suggestions
for teaching when you can’t be in the same room with students.
• Electronic Instructor Manual—The Instructor Manual that accompanies this textbook includes the following
items: additional instructional material to assist in class preparation—including suggestions for lecture topics,
additional projects, and class discussion topics.
• Solutions Manuals—The instructor resources include two solutions guides:
❍❍ The Solution and Answer Guide includes solutions to all of the module activities found in the book, including
Applying Concepts, Review Questions, Hands-On Projects, and Capstone Projects. It also provides the
MindTap solutions, including grading rubrics for the Networking for Life and Reflection Discussion activities,
plus answers to the lab manual review questions.
❍❍ The Live Virtual Machine Labs Solution and Answer Guide includes examples of correct screenshots and
answers to the inline questions found within the labs.

• Test Banks with Cengage Testing Powered by Cognero—This flexible, online system allows you to do the
following:
❍❍ Author, edit, and manage test bank content from multiple Cengage solutions.
❍❍ Create multiple test versions in an instant.
❍❍ Deliver tests from your LMS, your classroom, or wherever you want.
Preface xv
• PowerPoint Presentations—This course comes with a set of Microsoft PowerPoint slides for each module.
These slides are meant to be used as a teaching aid for classroom presentations, to be made available to stu-
dents on the network for module review, or to be printed for classroom distribution. Instructors are also at
liberty to add their own slides for other topics introduced.
• Syllabus—The sample syllabus provides an example of a template for setting up a 14-week course.
• Student Downloads—The student downloads include Accessible Launch Text for MindTap Lab Simulations
and Accessible Launch Text for MindTap Live Virtual Machine Labs.
• Packet Tracer Files—A Packet Tracer solution file is provided for each Packet Tracer project through the
Instructors site. Some Packet Tracer projects build on earlier Packet Tracer networks. If needed for one or
more students, you can provide a previous project’s solution file as a start file for one of these progression
projects.
Total Solutions for Networking

To access additional course materials, please visit www.cengage.com. At the www.cengage.com home page, search for
the ISBN of your title (from the back cover of your book) using the search box at the top of the page. This will take you
to the product page where these resources can be found.
MindTap
MindTap for Network+ Guide to Networks, Ninth Edition, is a personalized, fully online digital learning platform of
content, assignments, and services that engages students and encourages them to think critically while allowing you
to easily set your course through simple customization options.
MindTap is designed to help students master the skills they need in today’s workforce. Research shows employers
need critical thinkers, troubleshooters, and creative problem solvers to stay relevant in our fast-paced, technology-
driven world. MindTap helps you achieve this with assignments and activities that provide hands-on practice, real-life
relevance, and certification test prep. Students are guided through assignments that help them master basic knowledge
and understanding before moving on to more challenging problems.
All MindTap activities and assignments are tied to defined learning objectives. Readings support course objec-
tives, while Networking for Life activities encourage learners to read articles, listen to podcasts, or watch videos to
stay current with what is happening in the field of IT and networking. You can use these activities to help build student
interest in the field of computer networking as well as lifelong learning habits.
Reflection activities encourage self-reflection and open sharing among students to help improve their retention
and understanding of the material. Videos help explain and illustrate difficult information technology concepts.
Lab simulations provide students with an opportunity for hands-on experience and problem-solving practice with
automatic feedback. The live virtual machine labs provide hands-on practice and give students an opportunity to
troubleshoot, explore, and try different real-life solutions in a secure, private sandbox environment.
Practice Test questions in the ATP app allow students to quiz themselves on specific exam domains, and the pre-
and post-course assessments measure exactly how much they have learned. CNOW quizzes provide test questions
in the style of the Network+ certification exam and help you measure how well learners mastered the material after
completing each MindTap module.
MindTap is designed around learning objectives and provides the analytics and reporting to easily see where the
class stands in terms of progress, engagement, and completion rates.
Students can access eBook content in the MindTap Reader—which offers highlighting, note taking, search, and
audio, as well as mobile access. Learn more at www.cengage.com/mindtap/.
Instant Access Code: (ISBN: 9780357508190)
Printed Access Code: (ISBN: 9780357508206)
xvi CompTIA Network+ Guide to Networks
Lab Manual
Hands-on learning is necessary to master the networking skills needed for both CompTIA’s Network+ Exam and for
a career in computer networking. Network+ Guide to Networks Lab Manual, 9th Edition, is included in the MindTap
course and contains hands-on exercises that use fundamental computer networking concepts as they are applied in
the real world. The labs give students extra practice with challenging concepts (such as subnetting) and expanded
experiences with physical, virtual, simulation, and cloud technology (such as VMs, Packet Tracer, and AWS). Each
module offers review questions to reinforce mastery of networking topics and to sharpen critical thinking and
problem-solving skills.
State of the Information Technology (IT)

Field
Organizations depend on computers and information technology to thrive and grow. Globalization, or connecting with
customers and suppliers around the world, is a direct result of the widespread use of the Internet. Rapidly changing
technology further affects how companies do business and keeps the demand for skilled and certified IT workers strong
across industries. Every sector of the economy requires IT professionals who can establish, maintain, troubleshoot,
and extend their business systems.
The latest Occupational Outlook Handbook from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (part of the U.S. Department of
Labor) reports there were more than 370,000 network and computer systems administrator positions in 2019, the
most recent year for which this information is available, with a predicted increase of 4 percent between 2019 and 2029.
Median pay for jobs in this sector is over $83,000 annually. A somewhat more advanced job role in the same vein is
computer network architect with over 160,000 jobs in 2019, a growth rate of about 5 percent, and a median income
of over $112,000 annually. This median pay is the highest of all computer and IT occupations tracked by this site that
only require a bachelor’s degree, even more than people working as information security analysts. You can find more
information about these and related job roles at bls.gov/ooh. Overall, people employed in computer and IT occupations
make a median wage over $88,000 annually with projected growth of more than 530,000 jobs by 2029.
In any industry, a skilled workforce is important for continually driving business. Finding highly skilled IT workers
can be a struggle for employers, given that technologies continue to change quickly. With such a short product life
cycle, IT workers must strive to keep up with these changes and continually bring value to their employers.
Certifications
Different levels of education are required for the many jobs in the IT industry. While the level of education and type
of training required varies from employer to employer, the need for qualified technicians remains a constant. As the
industry continues to evolve, many employers prefer candidates who already have the skills to implement these new
technologies. Companies are relying increasingly on technical certifications to adequately identify the quality and skill
qualifications of a job applicant, and these certifications can offer job seekers a competitive edge over other applicants.
Certifications fall into one of two categories:
• Vendor-neutral certifications are those that test for the skills and knowledge required in industry job roles and
do not subscribe to a vendor’s specific technology solutions. Some examples of vendor-neutral certifications
include all the CompTIA certifications (comptia.org), Project Management Institute’s certifications (pmi.org),
and ISACA’s certifications (isaca.org).
• Vendor-specific certifications validate the skills and knowledge necessary to be successful while utilizing a
specific vendor’s technology solution. Some examples of vendor-specific certifications include those offered
by Microsoft (microsoft.com), AWS (aws.amazon.com), Red Hat (redhat.com), Oracle (education.oracle.com),
and Cisco (learningnetwork.cisco.com).
Preface xvii
As employers struggle to fill open IT positions with qualified candidates, certifications are a means of validating the
skill sets necessary to be successful within organizations. In most careers, salary and compensation are determined by
experience and education, but in the IT field, the number and type of certifications an employee earns also determine
salary and wage increases. For example, according to CompTIA, the U.S. Department of Defense and companies such
as Apple, Verizon, Dell, HP, and Intel recommend or require their networking technicians attain CompTIA Network+
certification. Global Knowledge reports that certified IT staff earn, on average, 8 percent more than non-certified IT
staff. In fact, according to the same report, being certified and adding new certifications is a lifestyle for a majority of
IT professionals. Eighty-seven percent of all respondents already hold one certification, nearly 40 percent said they
earned their most recent certification in the previous six months, and those with six or more certifications make, on
average, $13,000 more than someone with only one certification.
Certification provides job applicants with more than just a competitive edge over their noncertified counter-
parts competing for the same IT positions. Some institutions of higher education grant college credit to students
who successfully pass certification exams, moving them further along in their degree programs. Certification
also gives individuals who are interested in careers in the military the ability to move into higher positions more
quickly.
Career Planning
Finding a career that fits your personality, skill set, and lifestyle is challenging and fulfilling, but can often be difficult.
What are the steps you should take to find that dream career? Is IT interesting to you? Chances are, if you are reading
this course, this question has already been answered. What is it about IT that you like? The world of work options
in the IT industry is vast. Some questions to ask yourself: Are you a person who likes to work alone, or do you like
to work in a group? Do you like speaking directly with customers, or do you prefer to stay behind the scenes? Does
your lifestyle encourage a lot of travel, or do you prefer to stay in one location? All these factors influence your job
decisions, and all these preferences can find a purpose in IT. Inventory assessments are a good first step to learning
more about yourself, your interests, work values, and abilities. A variety of websites can offer assistance with career
planning and assessments.
What’s New with CompTIA Network+

Certification
With its N10-008 Network+ exam, CompTIA has emphasized foundational network concepts and the latest network
technologies that can serve as a launching pad for a career in networking, security, cloud, or other specialties. There’s
a stronger emphasis on security, virtualization, network architecture, and troubleshooting than in past versions of the
exam. Some objectives have been added, updated, or expanded, such as coverage of SDN (software-defined network-
ing), SD-WAN (software-defined wide area network), network interface configuration, database protocols, and risk
management. Some older technologies have been dropped from the objectives.
As with the previous Network+ exam, the N10-008 version includes many scenario-based questions. Mastering,
rather than simply memorizing, the material in this course will help you succeed on the exam and on the job.
Here are the domains covered on the new CompTIA Network+ exam:
Domain % of Examination
Domain 1.0 Networking Fundamentals 24%
Domain 2.0 Network Implementations 19%
Domain 3.0 Network Operations 16%
Domain 4.0 Network Security 19%
Domain 5.0 Network Troubleshooting 22%
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
In the Council’s collection are:—
[418]Ornamental plaster ceiling in Board Room on first floor
(photograph).
[418]Carved deal chimneypiece in Board Room (photograph).
[418]Ornamental plaster ceiling in Grand Secretary’s Room, first floor
(photograph).
XL.—GREAT QUEEN STREET CHAPEL
(Demolished).
General description and date of
structure.
Before its destruction in 1910 the Wesleyan Chapel in Great
Queen Street occupied the greater portion of the sites of three houses
with their gardens. These were Nos. 66 to 68, intervening between
Conway House and the stream which divided Aldwych Close from
Purse Field.
The land on which these three houses were erected was
roughly the shape of a truncated right-angled triangle, the base of
which was represented by Great Queen Street, the perpendicular by
the line of Middle Yard, and the hypotenuse by the course of the
stream. The land in question was leased[419] by Newton to Peter
Mills[420], of Christchurch, London, bricklayer, and it would seem
that at that date (15th September, 1639) no houses had been erected
thereon.[421] The building was therefore carried out probably in 1640;
at any rate No. 66 is known to have been occupied in December,
1641. No information can be gleaned from the ratebooks as to when
the three houses were rebuilt, but at least one (No. 67) seems to have
been still standing at about 1817, when an illustration of it was
included in Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields.
The first reference that has been found to the building of a
chapel of ease for the parish occurs in the Vestry Minutes under the
year 1693:[422] “Ordered, to inquire of the gentry in Lincoln’s Inn
Fields, which of them will take pews in case a chappell should be
erected in the neighbourhood of Lincoln’s Inn Fields, and report to
be made to the next Vestry.” It was, however, left to private
enterprise to provide such a building.
In 1706 a Mr. Baguley took a house (apparently No. 67)[423],
built a chapel in the rear, and seems even to have officiated therein,
although not in Priest’s orders. Naturally enough, he soon got into
trouble with the Rector of St. Giles, who, as Baguley affirmed,[424]
induced the vendor of the house and land to break off his agreement
with Baguley, and sell to “one Burges, a coachmaker.” According,
however, to the ratebooks the house occupied by Burges was No. 68.
Between 1720 and 1723 the assessment of No. 68 also dropped.
Whether this implies an extension of the chapel over a portion of the
ground in the rear of that house is uncertain, but it will be seen that
when the chapel comes, as it were, into the light of day, at the
beginning of the 19th century, it covers nearly the whole of the rear
of both houses.
The whole of its early history, however, is shrouded in
obscurity, and no reference to it or to the services held therein has
been found between 1728[425] and its acquisition by the Rev. Thomas
Francklyn. Even the date at which this occurred cannot be definitely
stated. The chapel seems to have been in his hands in February,
1758, for on the 17th of that month he preached a sermon there,
which he published in the same year.[426] In 1759 his name appears in
the parish ratebook in connection with the chapel.[427] His residence
at the house (No. 67) does not seem to have begun until 1761. On
Francklyn’s death in 1784, his executors appear to have carried on
the work of the chapel. On 19th July, 1798, Mrs. Francklyn’s
executors sold to the Society formerly carrying on the West Street
Chapel, Seven Dials, their leasehold interest in the two houses and
the chapel for £3,507 10s.[428]
The chapel was at that time, says Blott,[429] a very homely
structure; it was dark, and, lying below the level of the street, could
not easily be kept clean, and the entrance to it was by a passage
through a dwelling house. The surrounding houses overlooking it
were at times a means of annoyance during service. Negotiations
were therefore entered into with the owners of No. 66, and on 14th
March, 1815, a purchase was effected of the whole of the back part of
the premises, bounded by Middle Yard on the one side and the old
chapel on the other, and having a length of 102½ feet and a breadth
of 31 feet.[430] The new chapel was opened on 25th September, 1817.
[431]
Alterations were carried out in 1840, when an improved frontage
and new portico were constructed.[432]
The elevation to Great Queen Street (Plate 32) was of brick
faced with stucco, the lower part having a portico of four Greek Ionic
columns the full width of the building, executed in Talacre stone
from North Wales.[432] Above this, in the main wall of the chapel was
a three light window with Corinthian columns and pilasters
supporting an entablature, over which was a semi-circular pediment
and tympanum. Crowning the whole was a bold modillion cornice.
The interior (Plate 33) had a horseshoe gallery supported by
Ionic columns; above the back of the side galleries were other
smaller galleries. Facing the entrance was an apse ornamented with
Corinthian columns, pilasters and entablature carrying an elliptical
arch. Covering the whole area was a flat ornamental ceiling.
There is preserved by the West London Mission a measured
drawing of the elevation of the Chapel to Great Queen Street with the
adjacent buildings by R. Payne, Architect, June 21 (18)56, and an
internal view in perspective drawn with ink and coloured, probably
executed by the same hand and about the same date. Both these
drawings agree with the illustrations taken in 1906, and reproduced
in Plates 32 and 33. The premises were demolished in 1910, and new
buildings erected. The room over the portico was used at first as a
day school room, but in 1860 the school was removed to new
premises in the rear.
Biographical Notes.
No. 66.
The first occupant of No. 66, of whom any record has been found,
was the Countess of Essex, who was there in December, 1641.[433] This was
Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir William Paulet, who, in 1631, became the
second wife of Robert Devereux, third Earl of Essex. The marriage turned
out very unhappily, and eventually a separation took place. Subsequently
she married Thomas Higgons (knighted after her death), who survived her.
She died in 1656.[434]
The Subsidy Roll for 1646 contains the item: “The Lord Kensington
in the Countes of Essex house.” This was presumably Robert Rich, son of
Henry Rich, first Earl of Holland, the latter having been created Baron
Kensington in 1623. The former in 1673 succeeded his cousin Charles, as
fifth Earl of Warwick.
In 1665 and 1666 Magdalen Elliott is shown at the house, and in 1673
Lady Porter. The entries in the Hearth Tax Rolls, Jury Presentment Rolls
and sewer ratebook from this time until 1700 vary between “Lady Porter,”
“Lady Diana Portland,” and “Lady Ann Porter.” There can be no doubt that
they all refer to the same individual, viz., Lady Diana Porter. She was a
daughter of George Goring, Earl of Norwich, and married (1) Thomas
Covert, of Slaugham, Essex, and (2) George Porter,[435] eldest son of
Endymion Porter, royalist and patron of literature. George Porter served as
lieutenant-general in the western royal army, under the command of his
brother-in-law, Lord Goring. The latter described him as “the best company,
but the worst officer that ever served the king.” Porter died in 1683.
The ratebook for 1703 contains the name “Ralph Lane” crossed out,
and “Wortley” substituted. This seems to point to Lane having recently
moved and “Wortley” taken his place. The “Ralph Lane” in question is no
doubt the person of the same name, who had in the previous year purchased
the house to the west of Conway House (see p. 74). His residence at No. 66
could not have lasted more than about two years. The “Wortley” of the 1703
ratebook is expanded in the records of 1709 and 1715 to “Wortley Montague,
Esq.” and “Sidney Wortley als Montague, Esq.” This was Sidney, second son
of Edward Montagu, first Earl of Sandwich, who married Anne, daughter
and heir of Sir Francis Wortley, Bt., and assumed the surname of Wortley.
His eldest son, Edward Wortley Montagu, married Lady Mary Pierrepont,
the famous Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. Sidney Montagu died in 1727.
After Montagu’s residence the occupiers of No. 66 seem to have been
as follows:—
Before 1720 until after 1723. Martin Wright.
Before 1730. Elizabeth Perry.
1730–42. William Aspin.
1743–45. Dr. John Taylor.
1746. —— Davis.
1747. Lilley Smith.
1748. “Augusti” Arne.
1749–51. Col. Guy Dickens.
1753–61. Elizabeth Falconer.
1761–62. —— Davis.
1762–63. The Rev. Mr. Francklin.
1763–64. Miss Faulkner.
1764–83. —— Davis.
1783–87. —— Saunders.
1789–94. Ric. Sadler.
1795– J. Savage.
“Augusti” Arne is almost certainly Thomas Augustine Arne, the

celebrated composer. He was the son of Thomas Arne, an upholsterer, and
was born in 1710. On leaving school he was placed in a lawyer’s office, but
his love of music overcame all obstacles, and eventually his father was
induced to allow him to cultivate his talent in this respect. His first work, a
setting of Addison’s Rosamond, was produced at Lincoln’s Inn Fields
Theatre in 1733. This proving successful, it was quickly followed by the
Opera of Operas and Dido and Æneas. In 1738 he established his
reputation by his music to Comus, and in 1740 he wrote the music to
Thomson and Mallet’s Masque of Alfred, containing Rule Britannia. His
later works included the songs Where the bee sucks, Under the greenwood
tree, Blow, blow, thou winter wind, the oratorios Abel and Judith, and the
opera Artaxerxes. In 1769 he set to music the ode by Garrick, performed at
the Shakespeare jubilee at Stratford on Avon. He died in 1778.
No allusions have been found to his residence at No. 66, Great Queen
Street. He is stated to have been living “next door to the Crown in Great
Queen Street,” in 1744[436] but that must refer to a different house. The
sewer ratebook for 1734 shows a “Mr. Arne” resident at No. 34, Great Queen
Street, but there is no proof that this was the musician. His residence at No.
215, King’s Road, Chelsea, has already been mentioned.[437]
No. 67.
Early records of the residents at No. 67 are wanting. The first
mention of the house occurs in the Hearth Tax Roll for 1665, which gives
“Lady Thimbleby” as the occupier. This was Elizabeth, one of the six
daughters of Sir Thomas Savage and Elizabeth, Countess Rivers (see p. 67).
She married Sir John Thimbleby of Irnham, in Lincolnshire.[438] How long
she had been at No. 67 in 1665 is unknown, but it is permissible to suggest
that she was there while her mother was still living three doors away. It
seems likely that during Lady Thimbleby’s stay here, her sister, Henrietta
Maria, who had married Ralph Sheldon, of Beoley,[439] also came to live
close by, for the Jury Presentment Roll for 1683 shows “Ralph Sheldon,” in
occupation of No. 69. Another sister, Anne, who had married Robert
Brudenell, afterwards second Earl of Cardigan, was also only a short
distance away, on the south side of Lincoln’s Inn Fields.[440]
Lady Thimbleby’s residence lasted until between 1700 and 1703, and
in the latter year the name of John Thimbleby appears in respect of the
house. He had left before 1709, when the house is shown as empty. The
occupiers after that date were as follows:—
1715. Mr. Vaune.

1720. Mr. Froude.[441]
Before 1723 until 1734. Mary Forrester.
1735–51. Adam Hallam.
1751–54. William Pritchard.
1755–61. Stephen Hunt.
1761–84. The Rev. Thomas Francklin.
1784–95. Mrs. Francklin.
1795–98. Francis Const.[442]
1798. —— Rowley.
Thomas Francklin, son of Richard Francklin, a bookseller of Covent

Garden, was born in 1721. He was educated at Westminster School and
Trinity College, Cambridge. For some time he found employment as usher
in his old school, and in 1750 he became Greek professor at Cambridge, a
position which he held until 1759, when he was presented to the vicarage of
Ware. At the same time he was fulfilling other clerical duties in London. As
early as 1749 he seems to have held a chapel in Bloomsbury, for in June of
that year he performed the marriage ceremony for Garrick there.[443] By
1758 he had obtained the lectureship at St. Paul’s, Covent Garden, and was
installed in the Great Queen Street Chapel. He was appointed King’s
chaplain in 1767, and ten years later he vacated the living at Ware for the
rectory of Brasted, in Kent. Through the influence of Dr. Johnson and Sir
Joshua Reynolds, he was appointed chaplain to the Royal Academy, and on
the death of Goldsmith in 1774 he obtained the professorship of ancient
history. His literary output was considerable. In 1757 he brought out a
periodical paper called The Centinel, which only lasted two years. He wrote
four plays, the most important of which was The Earl of Warwick. His
translations were numerous, those of Sophocles’ tragedies being long
considered the best in the English language. After a laborious life he died in
his house in Great Queen Street[444] in March, 1784. His widow died in
1796.[445]
No. 68.
In the case of No. 68 also, no records of the names of any occupiers

exist before the Hearth Tax Roll for 1665. In that document the occupant’s
name is given as “Sir Willm. Hartupp.” This seems to have been Sir William
Hartopp, of Rotherby, son of Sir Thomas Hartopp, of Burton Lazars. Sir
William married Agnes, daughter of Sir Martin Lister.[446]
The Hearth Tax Roll for 1666 shows the house “Empty,” and that for
1672, “Empty—Mr. Bradshaw owner.” It seems probable that between these
dates occurred the joint occupancy of Lord Roos and Lady Chaworth, if
indeed that can be referred to this house at all. An item in Lord Roos’s
expenditure under date of 25th February, 1667–8, runs: “Paid Major Seales
for Sir William Hartopp for one quarter’s rent for the house in Queen Street,
beginning the 18th October, when his Lordship had the keyes, at 80li per
annum, Lady Ch[aworth] is to pay the next quarter, 20li.”[447] That Sir
William Hartopp’s house in 1667 was the same as that in 1665 is probable,
but unfortunately cannot be considered certain. Assuming, however, that
such is the case, Lord Roos’s occupation is seen to have commenced on 18th
October, 1667.
John Manners, third son of the eighth Earl of Rutland, was born in
1638. On the death of his two elder brothers, he assumed, apparently
without right,[448] the title of Lord Roos.[449] His first marriage, in 1658, to
Lady Anne Pierrepoint, was unhappy, and he was divorced from her by Act
of Parliament in 1670. In 1677 he was made Lord Lieutenant of
Leicestershire. He succeeded to the earldom in 1679. At the coronation of
James II. in 1685 he bore the Queen’s sceptre, but he does not seem to have
been in favour and in 1687 was dismissed from his lord lieutenancy. He
supported William at the Revolution, and was soon after restored to his
office. In 1703 he was created Marquess of Granby and Duke of Rutland. He
died in 1711.
His sister Grace married Patricius Chaworth, third Viscount
Chaworth.[450] Apparently the expenses of the house in Great Queen Street
were shared equally between her and her brother, for numerous items such
as the following occur in the Accounts of Lord Roos’s Expenditure
contained in the Duke of Rutland’s MSS.:—[451]
“1670. April 21. For the repaires of the parish church and maimed
soldiers, etc., this Queene Street house is taxed 5s., whereof Lady Chaworth
paying ½, his lordship ½, comes to 2s. 6d.”
“To the beadle for watching the Queene Street house ending the
above said Christmasse [1671] 4s.; Lady Cha[worth] paying ½, his lordship
other ½, comes to 2s.”
“July 3, 1669. The hire of paper windowes last year, 1668, to save the
hangings in the dining roome and drawing roome, the ½ of cost, Lady
Cha[worth] payes the other half, 5s.”
Some indication of the reason that influenced Lady Chaworth in
setting up housekeeping with her brother may be afforded from a letter
dated 25th June, 1670, from Lord Chaworth to his wife, at Lord Roos’s
house in Great Queen Street, requesting her to return to him, and offering
to receive her with respect and affection.[452]
In the Hearth Tax Roll for 1673, the house is shown as “Empty.” Two
years later “The Lady Morpeth” is shown in occupation. This was Elizabeth,
dowager lady Berkeley, wife of Edward Howard, Viscount Morpeth,
afterwards second Earl of Carlisle. It was in this same year that her eldest
son Charles, afterwards third earl, was born. Later occupants of the house
were:—
1683. Sir Edward Mosen.
Before 1698 until after 1709. Mrs. Eleanor Complin.
Before 1715 until after 1720. Thomas Burges.
Before 1723 until 1732. Ashburnham Froude and Thomas Burges.[453]
1733. Ashburnhame Froud.
1733–1740. Madame Eaton.
1740–44. Madame Pain (Paign).
1746. —— Davis.
1747–51. Elizabeth Falconer.
1753–55. James Ward.
1755–57. G. Stewart.
1758–70. Thos. Brock (Brooke).
1770–74. Thos. Rudd.
1775–78. Ric. Rudd.
1779. —— Thomas.
1780–86. Mrs. Thomas.
1786– John Arthur.
In the Council’s collection are:—
[454]Exterior(photograph).
Side entrance in Middle Yard, erected 1859–60 (photograph).
Interior from the gallery (photograph).
Interior looking south (photograph).
Interior looking north (photograph).
Fanlight under stairs (photograph).
Staircase (photograph).
Lantern light over staircase (photograph).
Loculi in crypt (photograph).
Two silver chalices dated MDCIIIC, originally presented for use in
West Street Chapel (photograph).
XLI.—SITE OF WELD HOUSE.
The history of that part of Aldwych Close lying within the

angle formed by Great Queen Street and Wild Street has already
been traced[455] up to the division of the greater portion of it between
Sir Edward Stradling and Sir Kenelm Digby in 1629. Eleven years
previously, Henry Holford had leased to John Ittery the extreme
southern portion, reaching 100 feet northwards from Sardinia Street,
and a trench had been dug separating Ittery’s portion from that lying
to the north. On the transfer of the latter to Sir W. Calley and Geo.
Strode in trust for Stradling and Digby, Ittery’s portion was included,
and added to Stradling’s share. Stradling without delay began the
erection on his portion of “a faire mansion house with stables and
other outhouses.”[456] On 12th December, 1632, the ground, with the
mansion, etc., was sold by Calley and Strode to Stradling, and was
then described as extending south from the partition wall[457]
between Digby’s and Stradling’s portions “together with that parte
formerly demised to the said John Ittery, and then enclosed together
with the same, at the end next Drewry Lane by a square lyne 300
foote, and at the other end next Lincolne’s Inne Feildes 296 foote.”
By 1632 Stradling had also divided his portion into two by a brick
wall, “beginninge at the west end towards Drewry Lane and
extendinge itselfe eastwards towards Lincolne’s Inne Feildes 144
foote, and then towards the north in length 132 foote, and then again
eastwards towards Lincolne’s Inne Feildes 132 foote, and standinge
distant at the west end thereof from the fore-mentioned partition
wall 157 foote, and at the other end next Lincolne’s Inne Feildes 31
foote.”[458]
On 20th December, 1632, Stradling sold that part lying to the
north of this second partition wall, including the house, etc., to
George Gage. The house had not yet been completed, but a provision
was subsequently made that Strode was to finish, before Easter,
1634, “the dwelling house and buildings now erected or begun to be
erected, within and without ... in all respects, fitt and necessary for
one or more dwelling house or houses.”[459]
The date of completion of the house may therefore be ascribed
with probability to the year 1634.
Gage used the house as his own residence, and while “lyeinge
sicke in the said messuage of the sickness whereof he died” made his
will on 14th August, 1638, bequeathing the premises,[460] together
with other property, to William Darrell and William Bierly to sell for
the payment of his debts. On 25th February, 1639–40, it was
purchased by Humphrey Weld for £2,600.[461]
The portion of Stradling’s property which lay to the south of
the second partition wall, and which extended to the southern limits
of Aldwych Close, Stradling seems to have sold to Dr. Gifford for 500
years for £400 without right of redemption.[462] In 1649 Andrew
Gifford sold the property for £650 to Weld, who assigned it to his
mother, Dame Frances Weld, in trust. Three years later she re-
assigned it to him.
Humphrey Weld thus became possessed of the whole of
Aldwych Close lying to the east of Wild Street, and to the south of the
gardens of the Great Queen Street houses, and he now began to
develop the property by building. A reference to Hollar’s Plan of 1658
(Plate 3) shows that by that year the whole of the east side of Wild
Street, south of Weld House, and all the north side of Sardinia Street
had been covered with houses.[463] Weld himself stated about 1670,
that he had by that time laid out £15,600 in building.[461]
The street which had at least since 1629,[464] and probably
since 1618,[465] led from Great Queen Street to Kemble Street, then
Princes Street, seems for some time to have been without a name. It
is referred to in early deeds as “the back side of Drury Lane,” “a way
leading from Princes Street to Queen Street on the back side of Drury
Lane,” etc. In the Subsidy Rolls up to 1646 inclusive, it is merged in
“Cockpit Side.” The earliest instance of the name Weld Street or Wild
Street[466] so far discovered is in a deed of 24th April, 1658,[467] which
refers to “the street now called Wild Street, but heretofore called a
way or passage of 40 foote breadth leading from Queenes Street to
Princes Streete.”
How far Weld House was identical with the mansion built by
Stradling and Strode is uncertain. Blott, after mentioning the latter,
says: “Adjoining it, on the south side, were the grounds and premises
of Weld House, Drury Lane, occupied by Lady Frances Weld, widow.
In 1657, Weld House and Stradling House underwent a complete
transformation, the two houses were united together and became
one building, having, besides extensive additions made to it, a
chapel[468] built in the garden; the front arranged to face Aldwyche
Close instead of Drury Lane, and an approach made to it called Weld
Street. This extraordinary enlargement was not to make the building
a residence suitable to the dignity of the Welds, but rather for State
purposes, such as the accommodation of princes and ambassadors in
London.”[469]
Blott gives no authority for his statements, one of which,
relating to the formation of Weld Street, is demonstrably wrong. The
statement that the “extraordinary enlargement” was carried out with
a view to the reception of princes and ambassadors in the building is
probably only an inference from the indisputable fact that
ambassadors did afterwards reside in a portion of the house.[470]
Nevertheless the view of the house given in Hollar’s Plan of 1658
(Plate 3) certainly does suggest the amalgamation of two distinct
houses, and the Subsidy Roll for 1646 shows that at that date two
large residences existed side by side,[471] although of course these may
have been only portions of one very large house.
As early as 1664 the house (or houses) seems to have been
split up among a number of occupants. The entries in the Hearth Tax
Rolls for 1664–1674 in respect of this portion of the street (amending
the wrong order of the first roll) are as follows. The numbers in
brackets represent the number of hearths taxed.
1665. 1666.
Sam Nelson (6) Samuel Nelson (6)
Lord Baltimore (15) Cecill, Lord Baltimore (15)
Lord Marquess of Winchester in 2 houses
Lady Spencer (16)
(30)[472]
A. Gilbt. Crouch, Esq. (7) Widow Tattershall (6)
B. John Wolstenholm (14) John Wolstenholme, Esq. (14)
C. Humph. Wild, Esq. (14)
The Portugall Embassador’s E (20)
House.
D. Humph. Wild, Esq. (16) Humfrey Weild, Esq. (16)
E. Countess of Exeter (9) E (10)
F. Mary Sanders (9) Mrs. Mary Sanders (9)
G. John Worsley (3) John Worsley, Marcht of Intercost (6)
1673. 1675.
Samuel Nelson (6) Samuel Nelson (6)
Lord Baltimore (15) The Lady Baltimore (15)
Marquess of Winchester (3) Marquess of Winchester (30)
A. Thomas Hawker[473] (7) Thomas Hawker (7)
B. Mary James (13) E (13)
C. The French Embassadour
Spanish Ambassador (20)
(20)
D. Humphrey Wild, Esq. (16) Humphrey Wild, Esq. (16)
E. Thomas Weedon, Esq. (5) Madd. James (5)
F. Mary Saunders (9) Mary Saunders (9)
Mary Watson (1) Mrs. Watson (1)
G. John Worseley (6) John Worsley (6)
Of these neither (A)[473] nor (G)[474] formed part of Weld

House, and (B) is doubtful. (C) and (F) however, certainly did, the
former being the ambassadorial residence (see below) and the latter
being mentioned in a deed of 1673, quoted by Parton[475], as “the
wing of the said great house, late in Mary Saunders’s possession.”
The house was therefore at this time in at least four distinct
occupations.[476]
The two chief residences thus formed were evidently the
house occupied by Weld himself and the ambassadorial house,
immediately adjoining on the south. The former was the scene of a
wild riot in 1671, when, Humphrey Weld having attempted to arrest
the ringleaders in a tumult close by, the rabble, in a fury, attacked his
house.[477]
The Portuguese Ambassador seems to have taken up his
residence at Weld House in 1659, for on 9th July in that year he
(Francisco de Mello) wrote from “Wild Street” to William Lenthall,
announcing the arrival of his credentials, and asking for an audience.
[478]
The extracts from the Hearth Tax Rolls given above show that he
was still there in 1665, gone in 1666, that the French Ambassador
was there in 1673,[479] and the Spanish Ambassador in 1675.
Numerous references to the residence of the last mentioned occur.
[480]
On the flight of James II. in December, 1688, the mob sacked the
ambassador’s house.
Shortly afterwards Weld House and the ground belonging to it
were purchased by Isaac Foxcroft, who let out the property on
building lease.[481] The house, or a portion of it, was however, still
standing in 1694.[482]
In the Council’s Collection is:—
North-east side of Great Wild Street, in 1906, looking south-east
(photograph).
XLII.–XLIII.—Nos. 6 and 7, WILD COURT.
The Society for the Improvement of the Condition of the

Labouring Classes are the ground landlords of these houses.
The only objects of interest which the premises contain are
four 18th-century hob grates, illustrated below.
The Council’s collection contains:—
[483]Four cast-iron hob grates (measured drawing).

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