Heart Disease Prediction Using Classification

Algorithms
Aditya Tandon Abhishek Pratap Singh Amit Rawat
Computer Science and Technology Computer Science and Technology Computer Science and Technology
Noida Institute of Engineering and Noida Institute of Engineering and Noida Institute of Engineering and
Technology Technology Technology
Greater Noida, India Greater Noida, India Greater Noida, India
awesomeaditya0@gmai singhabhi0106@gmail.com awattanay4@gmail.com
l.com

Ashutosh Tyagi Dr. Kumud Saxena

Computer Science and Technology Computer Science and Technology
Noida Institute of Engineering and Noida Institute of Engineering and
Technology Technology
Greater Noida, India Greater Noida, India
tyagiashutosh629@gmail.com saxena.kumud@gmail.com

Abstract— Cardiovascular disease is a sickness that can
cause sudden death. It happens when the heart is not working
properly due to many factors such as obesity, high blood
pressure, and cholesterol. The number of cases for death due to
heart disease has been increased and there is a need for
methods to help predict the disease, aid in early diagnosis, and
help doctors treat patients medically. The current study aims
to estimate the risk of heart attack based on data from patients.
In practice, prediction and interpretation are the main goals of
data discovery. Predictive data mining involves attributes or
variables in datasets to determine unknown or future values of
other factors. This definition refers to finding patterns that
interpret data for human interpretation. Machine learning is
now used in many fields, and healthcare is no exception. K-
nearest, random forests etc. are some machine learning
machine learning algorithms, which can help in the prediction
of the heart disease in patient. Medical care is about people's
lives and should be the right one. Therefore, we need to create
a system that can accurately predict the disease.
Keywords— Classification algorithm, KNN, random forest
and data mining etc.
I. INTRODUCTION
Heart attacks are still one of the leading causes of death
worldwide, and early detection can prevent heart attacks.
There are many cases in which the disease is detected at such
stage where it became unrecoverable., It become a necessity
to develop something for the early detection of the
heart disease, if there is even one percent chance of any kind
of heart disease in a person, and it is detected at initial stage,
a life can be saved.
There are various causes of heart attack such as smoking,
alcohol consumption, unhealthy lifestyle, lack of physical
workout, etc. There are already a lot of researches about the
problem, but the emerging technologies give new hope for
better results, so must be explored.
Heart datasets contain a lot of confidential information that is
available but not useful for prediction. The study uses several
data mining techniques to transform unused data into database
models. People die from symptoms, they never expected.
Doctors need to predict heart attacks in patients before they
happen. Data mining is a method of obtaining data to analyze
and transform data into useful data. The current study aims to
estimate the risk of heart attack based on data from patients. In
practice, prediction and interpretation are the main goals of
data discovery. Predictive data mining involves attributes or
variables in datasets to determine unknown or future values of
other factors. A model which can predicts the chance of heart
disease with upmost accuracy will be very helpful and is the
goal of our research.
II. Methods
We will create a program which will be using various
available machine learning model, we will train our model
using the above heart-related metrics, and the machine learning
model will predict the chance of having a heart attack, on the
basis of the data extracted from patient’s report. It's often about
visualizing data from a graphical perspective, analyzing data to
see relationships between attributes to better understand key
attributes. We will use classification techniques (K-Nearest
Neighbor, Logistic Regression, Random Forest) to get a value
of 0 or 1 in machine learning algorithms. This indicates
whether the person has a heart condition. Finally, after
processing the data with different classification methods, we
will choose the most accurate model and draw conclusions
result by the same.
The models are-
Logistic Regression: It is one of most common Machine
Learning model, using widely in data science field. It is used
to estimate the categorical dependent variable using a set of
independent variables. It estimates the output of the dependent
variable. Therefore, the result must be categorical.
KNN: K-Neighbors is a way to teach computers how to sort
things into groups. It looks at all the things that have already
been sorted and finds things that are similar to the new thing.
Then it puts the new thing in the same group as the similar
things. This makes it easy to sort things quickly and accurately.
The K-Neighbors method can be used to sort things into groups
or to predict what a new thing might be like based on what
similar things are like.
Random Forest: Random Forest is a special way for
computers to learn. It helps them figure out if things belong in
certain groups or how to predict things. It's like teamwork for
computers because it combines lots of different ways of
figuring things out to make it even better. It randomly selects
subset from the dataset to create various decision tree.
A. WORKING PROCESS Data Splitting: Data splitting is one of the important steps of
Working process comprises of 5 major steps, which is the the process, as classification algorithms are the supervised
basis of the data science life cycle. Process starts with the data learning algorithm, so it is must to have a testing dataset so that
cleaning, then further move to analyzing the data, model Given dataset is divided in the ratio of 80-20, among
building and model training then lastly predicting the result training and testing dataset respectively, model will be then
and comparing the output. trained with the training dataset and then test over testing data to
analyze if the model is predicting correctly or not, and the
Data Cleaning: It is the process of removing bad or
accuracy with which it is predicting.
unnecessary data from the dataset like duplicate records,
attribute with no value, outliers, etc. It is the process to make Model Training: After the execution of previous process that
the data more useful and capable of being used for various was data splitting, we further moved towards the model
statistical analysis. training, we trained various available machine learning models,
EDA: It is the process of analyzing the dataset using data with the training dataset. The model will get familiar with the
visualization and, then finding the characteristics of various pattern in the dataset and will used this to predict for the testing
attributes, discovering hidden patterns, relationship dataset.
(correlation) among the attributes., how one attribute will Model Evaluation: Now, it’s time for evaluating the model, we
effects the other. need to find the accuracy of each model. The most accurate
There are various types of exploratory data analysis, most model will be used for the prediction.
common and beneficial one is data visualization. Various
visualization techniques like heatmap, bar plot, scatterplot are For the evaluation of a model, there are few things, which are
used to visualize the statistical data for better understating of very crucial, first is precision, which is simply the ratio
data. between true positives and all the positive, second is recall,
In python various libraries are present for the EDA one such is, which is measure of model correctly identifying true positives.
pandas library, which consists of various functions for Logistic Regression Model: Here is the precision and recall table
different requirements. for the logistic regression model.
1. Shape function is used to find the shape of the
dataset, i.e. number of rows and number of
columns. Target Precision Recall
2. Info function is used to display the columns with 0 0.92 0.79
their respective datatypes.
3. Nunique function is used to get number of unique 1 0.83 0,93
elements in the dataset.
4. Describe function is used to describe the data, it Table 2
computes statistical data like mean standard
deviation, etc. K Nearest Neighbor Model: The recall and precision table for KNN
model is below.
5. Head function will display the 5 initial rows of the
dataset
First five rows of the dataset. Target Precision Recall
Table 1
0 0.76 0.84
Age sex cp chol fbs exang thal Target
1 0.84 0.76
52 1 0 212 0 0 3 0
Table 3
53 1 0 203 1 1 3 0
Random Forest Model: Below is the precision and recall table
59 1 1 221 0 1 2 1 for random forest model.

47 1 0 205 0 1 2 0 Target Precision Recall

60 0 0 254 0 0 2 1 0 0.92 0.79

Heatmap is used to show correlation between various 1 0.83 0.93

attributes of the dataset.
Table 4

Fig 1.
III. FLOWCHART V. RESULT AND OUTCOMES
Three machine learning models are used for the prediction of
heart disease, random forest is the most accurate model
among all the used model.

Model Accuracy
Logistic 0.8634
Regressor
KNN 0.795
Random Forest 1.0

Table 6

III. CONCLUSION
The goal of this survey paper is to find the most accurate
machine learning model which can predict the chance of
having the heart disease with upmost accuracy. The program
looks at a person's medical history and compares it to other
people's histories to see if they might be at risk for heart
disease. We have used various supervised machine learning
algorithms like KNN, random forest and logistic regressor. The
predictive system uses all these three models and then test the
model over the given input and all the three model predicts
their result, we have observed the system for various inputs and
we are concluding that, "random forest," was the most accurate
and gave the best result among all. This model predicts with
IV. DATASET upmost accuracy.
IV. REFRENCES
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