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Full download Critical Care Intravenous Infusion Drug Handbook 3rd Edition file pdf all chapter on 2024
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ontents
vii
Milrinone (Primacor), 196 Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA): Clinical Signs and
Nesiritide (Natrecor), 201 Treatment, 277
Nicardipine (Cardene), 204 Symptomatic Bradycardia, 283
Nitroglycerin, 208 Narrow QRS Tachycardia, 286
Nitroprusside (Nipride), 212 Atrial Fibrillation/Atrial Flutter Algorithm, 291
Norepinephrine (Levophed), 224 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome Algorithm, 296
Octreotide (Sandostatin), 232 Sustained Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia, 300
Pantoprazole (Protonix), 234 Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia, 304
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine), 237 Wide QRS Tachycardia of Unknown Origin, 309
Potassium Chloride (KCl), 240 Initial Assessment and General Treatment of the Patient
Procainamide (Pronestyl), 245 with an Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), 313
Propofol (Diprivan), 249 Management of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial
Reteplase (Retavase), 253 Infarction (MI), 316
Tenecteplase (TNKase), 255 Management of Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Segment
Tirofiban HCl (Aggrastat), 258 Elevation Myocardial Infarction (MI), 319
Vasopressin (Pitressin), 262 Management of Patient with a Suspected Acute Coronary
Syndrome and Nondiagnostic or Normal ECG, 321
Management of Acute Pulmonary Edema, 322
SECTION III: ACLS Guidelines for Adult Emergency Management of Hypotension/Shock: Suspected Pump
Cardiac Care Algorithms, 267 Problem, 326
Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)/Ventricular Management of Hypotension/Shock: Suspected
Fibrillation (VF), 268 Volume Problem, 330
Asystole, 271 Management of Hypotension/Shock: Suspected Rate
Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA), 274 Problem, 332
Sources
ources
Aehlert B: ACLS quick review study guide, ed 3, Hazinski MF, Field JM, Gilmore D, editors: Handbook
St Louis, 2007, Mosby. of emergency cardiovascular care 2008: For
American Heart Association: Advanced cardiac life healthcare providers, Dallas, 2008, American Heart
support provider manual, 2006, American Heart Association.
Association Inc. Lacy CF, Armstrong LL, Goldman MP, Lance LL:
American Heart Association in Collaboration with the 2007–2008 Drug information handbook, ed 15,
International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Cleveland, 2007, Lexi-Comp Inc and American
(ILCOR). Part 6: Advanced cardiovascular life support; Pharmaceutical Association.
Section 7: Algorithm approach to ACLS emergencies, Lester RM, Dente-Cassidy AM: Intravenous
Circulation 102(suppl I):136-171, 2000. medications for critical care, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1996,
American Society of Health System Pharmacists: Saunders.
American hospital formulary service, Bethesda, Md, Medical Economics Staff: Physician’s desk reference
2008, The Society. 2008, ed 62, Oradell, NJ, 2008, Medical Economics
Gahart BL, Nazareno AR: 2009 intravenous Company.
medications, ed 25, St Louis, 2009, Mosby. Trissel LA: Handbook of injectable drugs, ed 15,
Goldberg, PA, Clinical results of an updated insulin Bethesda, Md, 2009, American Society of Health
infusion protocol in critically ill patients, Diabetes System Pharmacists.
Spectrum 18:188-191, 2005.
Abbreviations
bbreviations
xiii
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Drug Calculation Formulae
Drug Calculation Formulae
1. Calculate concentration of any drug in a bag (or bottle).
Amount of drug in bag ðmgÞ
¼ Concentration in mg=mL
Total volume of the bag ðmLÞ
Example:
Nitroglycerin 25 mg
¼ 0:1 mg=mL ¼ 100 mcg=mL
D5W 250 mL
Calculation factors can be used to quickly convert a particular dose of a drug or infusion to a specific infusion rate
in mL/hr or vice versa. This can be helpful when titrating various drugs to effect, and frequent changes in infusion
rate may need to be converted to the actual dose of drug administered. For example, if we needed to change the
infusion rate from 9 mL/hr of dobutamine to 15 mL/hr to maintain blood pressure, how many mcg/kg/min would
be infusing? Multiply the CF by the new rate to get the new dose, or 0.556 15 = 8.34 mcg/kg/min.
One of the Psalmists (Asaph; Ps. lxxiii. 2 seq.) confesses that this
problem had greatly troubled him and endangered his faith. He says:
“As for me, my feet were almost gone; my steps had well nigh
slipped. For I was envious of the arrogant, when I saw the prosperity
of the wicked. For there are no bands in their death; but their
strength is firm. They are not in trouble as other men; neither are
they plagued like other men.… Therefore his people return hither:
and waters of a full cup are wrung out by them. And they say, How
doth God know? and is there knowledge [153]in the Most High?
Behold, these are the wicked, and being always at ease, they
increase in riches. Surely in vain have I cleansed my heart, and
washed my hands in innocency; for all the day long have I been
plagued, and chastened every morning. If I had said, I will speak
thus; behold, I had dealt treacherously with the generation of thy
children. When I think how I might know this, it is trouble in mine
eyes: until I come into the sanctuary of God; then shall I consider
their latter end.” The temporary success and seeming prosperity of
the wicked does not shake the firm belief of the singer in the justice
of God; his communion with God, his coming into the sanctuaries of
God, is a blessing which the soul of the pious yearns for, and in
comparison with which all the wealth and power of the wicked is but
a deceitful shadow.
The Book of Job illustrates the vanity of man’s attempts to lift the veil
that conceals the plan of God’s decrees. The reader is informed
beforehand why Job is afflicted with pains and troubles. But Job and
his friends have not been informed. Job desires to know what act of
his has brought upon him that terrible calamity, if it is to be endured
as a punishment; he protests his innocence, and criticises the justice
of the Almighty. The three friends declare with certainty that Job’s
sufferings are a punishment for sins committed, and are angry that
Job does not accept their view.
God appears, rebukes Job for his presumption, but declares that the
view expressed by his friends, insinuating sinful conduct to Job, was
wrong, and that Job, [154]who contended that he did not know the
cause of the suffering, spoke more rightly than his friends. For Job
had not been afflicted because of his sins, and this was shown to the
friends of Job by the compensation which God gave Job for all that
he had lost and suffered.
“For evil-doers shall be cut off: but those that wait upon the Lord,
they shall inherit the land” (xxxvii. 9).
“For the Lord loveth judgment, and forsaketh not his saints; they are
preserved for ever: but the seed of the wicked shall be cut off” (Ibid.
28).
“Mark the perfect man; and behold the upright: for the latter end of
that man is peace. As for transgressors, they shall be destroyed
together; the latter end of the wicked shall be cut off” (Ibid. 37, 38).
In these and similar passages the pious and enthusiastic singer has
in his mind something more durable and permanent than this short
life, or otherwise the conflict between his hopes and the reality would
have shaken his faith.
The distinction given to Israel and to his land will again appear in all
its glory. Israel is punished, deprived of independence, even
despised and ill-treated at times; but with all this he is loved by God,
and not rejected by Him for ever. Isaiah prophesies as follows:
“Remember these things, O Jacob and Israel, for thou art my
servant: I have formed thee; thou art my servant; O Israel, thou shalt
not be forgotten of me” (Isa. xliv. 21). “For the mountains shall
depart, and the hills be removed; but my kindness shall not depart
from thee, neither shall my covenant of peace be removed, saith the
Lord that hath mercy on thee” (Ibid. liv. 10). Comp. lix. 20, 21; lx. 19–
21; lxvi. 22; Jer. xxxiii. 25, 26; Hos. ii. 21, 22.
The hopes with which our religion inspires us can never lead us to
intrigues, political combinations, insurrection, or warfare for the
purpose of regaining Palestine and appointing a Jewish
Government. On the contrary, our religion teaches us to seek the
welfare of those nations in whose midst we live, and to
conscientiously [162]take part in the work for their national progress
and prosperity, whilst patiently waiting for the miraculous fulfilment of
the prophecies. Even if a band of adventurers were to succeed in
reconquering Palestine for the Jews by means of arms, or
reacquiring the Holy Land by purchasing it from the present owners,
we should not see in such an event the consummation of our hopes.
When will this take place? We do not know, and [163]are content to
bear in mind that the time of our redemption is one of the “hidden
things which are the Lord our God’s;” “If it tarries,” says Habakkuk,
“wait for it, for it will surely come, and not later than the time fixed” (ii.
3). Certain numbers of days and weeks are mentioned in Daniel, 16
but it is not stated how these are to be counted; to which period they
are intended to apply; whether to the time of the restoration under
Zerubbabel, to the period of the Maccabees, to the destruction of the
second Temple, or to the future and final redemption. It is also
possible that these numbers have some symbolic signification. In
reference to these mysterious numbers Daniel says (xii. 8–10): “And
I heard, but I understood not; then said I, O my lord, what shall be
the issue of these things? And he said, Go thy way, Daniel; for the
words are shut up and sealed till the time of the end. Many shall
purify themselves and make themselves white, and be refined; but
the wicked shall do wickedly, and none of the wicked shall
understand; but they that be wise shall understand.” These words of
Daniel are a warning to all those who are inclined to compute by
means of the numbers given in Daniel the exact year of Messiah.
Many have disregarded the warning and have fallen into gross error.
It is the duty of the pious Israelite to have faith in God’s wisdom,
goodness, and power: “The righteous shall live in his faith” (Hab. ii.
4).
NOTES.
On page 19 sqq.