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Obstetrics & Gynecology PreTest Self-Assessment And Review 14th Edition Edition Shireen Madani Sims full chapter instant download
Obstetrics & Gynecology PreTest Self-Assessment And Review 14th Edition Edition Shireen Madani Sims full chapter instant download
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Obstetrics and Gynecology
PreTest® Self-Assessment and Review
Notice
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience
broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required.
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ally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However,
in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, nei-
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Obstetrics and Gynecology
PreTest® Self-Assessment and Review
14th Edition
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Student Reviewers
Samantha Baer
Third-Year Medical Student
University of Florida
Class of 2016
Alexandra Monaco
Third-Year Medical Student
University of Florida
Class of 2016
Cheri Mostisser
Third-Year Medical Student
University of Florida College of Medicine
Class of 2016
Amelia Schaub
Third-Year Medical Student
University of Florida
Class of 2016
Ali Strochak
Third-Year Medical Student
University of Florida
Class of 2016
v
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Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
vii
viii Contents
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Introduction
Obstetrics and Gynecology: PreTest® Self-Assessment and Review, 14th Edition,
is intended to provide medical students, as well as physicians, with a conve-
nient tool for assessing and improving their knowledge of obstetrics and gyne-
cology. The 504 questions in this book are similar in format and complexity to
those included in Step 2 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination
(USMLE). They may also be a useful study tool for Step 3.
Each question in this book has a corresponding answer, a reference to
a text that provides background for the answer, and a short discussion of
various issues raised by the question and its answer. A listing of references
for the entire book follows the last chapter. For multiple-choice questions,
the one best response to each question should be selected. For matching
sets, a group of questions will be preceded by a list of lettered options. For
each question in the matching set, select one lettered option that is most
closely associated with the question.
To simulate the time constraints imposed by the qualifying examina-
tions for which this book is intended as a practice guide, the student or
physician should allot about 1 minute for each question. After answering all
questions in a chapter, as much time as necessary should be spent review-
ing the explanations for each question at the end of the chapter. Atten-
tion should be given to all explanations, even if the examinee answered the
question correctly. Those seeking more information on a subject should
refer to the reference materials listed or to other standard texts in medicine.
ix
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Obstetrics
Preconception
Counseling, Genetics,
and Prenatal Diagnosis
Questions
1
2 Obstetrics and Gynecology
Questions 5 to 8
A 30-year-old G1P0 at 8 weeks’ gestation presents for her first prenatal visit.
She has no significant past medical or surgical history. A 29-year-old friend
of hers just had a baby with Down syndrome and she is concerned about
her risk of having a baby with the same problem. The patient reports no
family history of genetic disorders or birth defects.
5. You should tell her that she has an increased risk of having a baby with
Down syndrome in which of the following circumstances?
a. The age of the father of the baby is 40 years or older.
b. Her pregnancy was achieved by induction of ovulation and artificial insemination.
c. She has an incompetent cervix.
d. She has a luteal phase defect.
e. She has had three first-trimester spontaneous abortions.
Preconception Counseling, Genetics, and Prenatal Diagnosis 3
6. You offer her a first trimester ultrasound looking for ultrasound mark-
ers associated with Down syndrome. Which of the following ultrasound
markers is most closely associated with Down syndrome?
a. Choriod plexus cyst
b. Ventriculomegaly
c. Increased nuchal translucency (NT)
d. Intracardiac echogenic focus
e. Echogenic bowel
7. In order to increase the detection rate for Down syndrome in the first
trimester, you may also offer her which of the following tests in addition to
the NT measurement?
a. α fetoprotein (AFP) serum screening
b. First trimester screen, which includes biochemical testing with serum markers
PAPP-A and free or total β-hCG, along with maternal age
c. Amniocentesis
d. Inhibin level serum screening
e. Fetal echocardiogram
8. The patient has an abnormal first trimester screen with increased risk of
Down syndrome reported. What is the most appropriate next step?
a. Offer termination of the pregnancy.
b. Tell the patient that the baby will have Down syndrome.
c. Refer the patient to a high-risk specialist.
d. Refer the patient to genetic counseling.
e. Refer the patient to genetic counseling, and offer her diagnostic testing by CVS
or a second-trimester genetic amniocentesis.
4 Obstetrics and Gynecology
Questions 11 to 12
11. You provide her with the following counseling about exercise during
pregnancy?
a. During pregnancy, she should stop exercising because such activity is commonly
associated with intrauterine growth retardation in the fetus.
b. She should perform exercises in the supine position to maximize venous return
and cardiac output.
c. She may continue to exercise throughout pregnancy as long as her heart rate
does not exceed 160 beats per minute.
d. She should only perform nonweight-bearing exercises because they minimize
the risks of maternal and fetal injuries.
e. She should reduce her daily exercise routine by one-half during the pregnancy
but following delivery, she may resume her activities to pre-pregnancy levels.
12. She asks you what other exercises would be appropriate during preg-
nancy. You counsel her that which of the following exercises would also be
safe during pregnancy?
a. Riding a stationary bicycle
b. Horseback riding
c. Downhill skiing
d. Ice hockey
e. Scuba diving
13. Your patient presents for her first prenatal visit. She is 27-year-old and
this is her first pregnancy. She is an achondroplastic dwarf. Her husband
is of normal stature. Which of the following statements should you tell her
regarding achondroplasia?
a. The inheritance pattern is autosomal recessive therefore there is a one-in-four
chance that her child will be affected.
b. Achondroplasia is caused by a new genetic mutation therefore it cannot be
passed on to her child.
c. Because she has achondroplasia she has a low risk of cesarean section for
delivery.
d. She is fortunate to have lived to reproductive age.
e. She likely has some degree of spinal stenosis which could present a difficulty
with spinal or epidural anesthesia.
6 Obstetrics and Gynecology
a. Cystic hygroma
b. Encephalocele
c. Hydrocephaly
d. Anencephaly
e. Omphalocele
Questions 16 to 18
16. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
a. Offer her a second MSAFP test
b. Reassure her that the baby does not have a neural tube defect (NTD)
c. Recommend an amniocentesis
d. Perform an amniography
e. Offer her termination of pregnancy due to a lethal fetal anomaly
17. The fetus is confirmed to have an open NTD with a diagnosis of spina
bifida. What is the most appropriate counseling for this woman regarding
future pregnancies?
a. She has a 50% risk of having an affected child in the future, because anencephaly
is an autosomal dominant trait.
b. She has a decreased risk of having another baby with anencephaly because she is
younger than 30 years of age.
c. When she becomes pregnant, she should undergo diagnostic testing for fetal
NTDs with a first-trimester CVS.
d. Prior to becoming pregnant again she should begin folic acid supplementation.
e. She has a recurrence risk of having another baby with a NTD of less than 1%.
18. The patient asks how the diagnosis of spina bifida will impact her
obstetric management and delivery. You should counsel her that:
a. She should be delivered by cesarean to prevent damage to the open NTD.
b. She should be delivered preterm to improve fetal neurologic outcomes.
c. She should be delivered in a tertiary care facility with a neonatal intensive care
unit and personnel capable of managing the spinal defect and any immediate
complications.
d. She should plan to deliver vaginally, even if the fetus is breech, as this will limit
trauma to the defect.
e. She should be referred to a specialized center to undergo fetal surgery to close
the NTD.
8 Obstetrics and Gynecology
19. A 41-year-old woman had a baby with Down syndrome 10 years ago.
She is anxious to know the chromosome status of fetus in her current preg-
nancy. She is currently at 8 weeks of gestation. Which of the following tests
will provide the most rapid and reliable diagnosis of Down syndrome?
a. Amniocentesis
b. Multiple maternal serum marker analysis (Quad Screen)
c. Chorionic villi sampling (CVS)
d. First trimester screening using nuchal fold measurements and maternal serum
markers
e. Cell free fetal DNA testing
21. A patient presents for prenatal care in the second trimester. She was
born outside the United States and has never had any routine vaccinations.
Which of the following vaccines is contraindicated in pregnancy?
a. Injectable influenza vaccine
b. Tetanus toxoid
c. Reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis (Tdap)
d. Hepatitis B
e. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
Mutta sittenpä alkoikin pitkä ja uneton yö. Kaikki se, mikä päivällä
taloustoimia suoritellessa pysyi loitommalla, hyökkäsi yön hiljaisina
hetkinä kuin pahana painajaisena kiusaamaan. Tulivat aina ja
yhtämittaa ne samat kysymykset vaivaamaan. Olivatkohan miehet
vielä hengissä vai olivatko ehkä haavoittuneet? Olivatko edes
yksissä ja saivatko hoitoa, jos sinne kentälle jäivät?
*****
— Ja lahtareita.
*****
*****
— Elä komenna!
— Tule vaan.
— Mitkä niin…?
— Ka, etkö tuota nyt tolkuttamatta usko. Hullu akka, kun vielä
epäilee.
Se näkyi olevan.
*****
Kaisu oli kävellyt nopeasti niin kauan kuin pääsi metsätielle. Oli
katsonut pihaveräjällä kerran jälkeensä. Siellä istui äiti ikkunassa.
Tyttö painui nyyhkien kivelle. Hän oli joka askelella odottanut, että
äiti tulisi hänen jälkeensä, huutaisi kääntymään takaisin ja alkaisi
sovintoa haastaa. Mutta äidin kasvot ikkunassa olivatkin kuin
kivettyneet. Kivikovana pysyi sydänkin.
Tyttö itki hiljaa nuoreen koivuun nojaten. Siinä suli vähitellen suru
ja katkera mieli. Jos vanhemmat olivat hänet hylänneet, niin olihan
hänellä Jumala, joka varmaan ei hylkäisi.