Exercise 11.1

CHAPTER – 11
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
Exercise – 11.1
Page No 11.43:
Question 1: Prove the following trigonometric identities.
(1 − cos2 A) cosec2 A = 1
T IO S
ANSWER:
I
We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos² 𝐴 = 1
NO A D
CO N
A
So,
PY
(1 − cos2 A) cosec2 A = sin2 𝐴 + cosec² 𝐴
DO U A
T
= (sin 𝐴 cosec 𝐴)2
ED PR
1 2
= (sin 𝐴 × )
sin 𝐴
C
= (1)2
©
=1
Page No 11.43:
(1 + cot2 A) sin2 A = 1
ANSWER:
We know that, cosec 2 𝐴 − cot 2 𝐴 = 1
So,
(1 + cot2 A) sin2 A = cosec 2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴
= (cosec 𝐴 sin 𝐴)2
1 2
=( × sin 𝐴)
sin 𝐴
= (1)2
=1
Page No 11.43:
T IO S
tan2θ cos2θ = 1 − cos2θ
I
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1.
PY
DO U A
So,
T
ED PR
tan2θ cos2θ = (tan 𝜃 × cos 𝜃 )2

sin 𝜃 2
=( × cos 𝜃)
C
cos 𝜃
©
= (sin 𝜃 )2
= sin2 𝜃
= 1 − cos 2 𝜃
Page No 11.43:
cosec θ√1 − cos2 θ = 1

ANSWER:
We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1
So,
cosec θ√1 − cos2 θ = cosec θ√sin2 θ
= cosec θsin θ
1
= × sin θ
sin θ
=1
T IO S
Page No 11.43:
I
NO A D
CO N
A
(sec2 θ − 1) (cosec2 θ − 1) = 1
PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR
We know that,
sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃 = 1,
C
cosec 2 𝜃 − cot 2 𝜃 = 1
©
So,
(sec2 θ − 1) (cosec2 θ − 1) = tan2 𝜃 × cot 2 𝜃
= (tan 𝜃 × cot 𝜃 )2
1 2
= (tan 𝜃 × )
tan 𝜃
= (1)2
=1
Page No 11.43:
1
tan θ + = sec θ cosec θ
tan θ
ANSWER:
We know that, sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃 = 1
So,
1 tan2 θ+1
tan θ + =
T IO S
tan θ tan θ
I
sec2 θ
NO A D =
tan θ
CO N
A
sec θ
= sec θ +
tan θ
PY
DO U A
1
cos θ
T
= sec θ + sec θ
ED PR
tan θ
1
= sec θ +
sin θ
C
©
= sec θ cosec θ
Page No 11.43:
cos θ 1+sin θ
=
1−sin θ cos θ
ANSWER:
We know that, sin2 𝜃 − cos2 𝜃 = 1
Multiplying both numerator and the denominator by (1 + sin 𝜃 ), we have
cos θ cos θ(1+sin 𝜃)
= (1−sin
1−sin θ 𝜃)−(1+sin 𝜃)
cos θ(1+sin 𝜃)
= (1−sin2 𝜃)
cos θ(1+sin 𝜃)
=
cos2 𝜃
1+sin 𝜃
=
cos θ
T IO S
Page No 11.43:
I
NO A D
CO N
A
cos θ 1−sin θ
=
PY
DO U A
1+sin θ cos θ
T
ANSWER:
ED PR
We know that, sin2 𝜃 − cos2 𝜃 = 1

Multiplying the both numerator and the denominator by (1 + sin 𝜃 ), we
C
©
have
cos θ cos θ(1−sin 𝜃)
= (1+sin
1+sin θ 𝜃)−(1−sin 𝜃)
cos θ(1−sin 𝜃)
= (1−sin2 𝜃)
cos θ(1−sin 𝜃)
=
cos2 𝜃
1−sin 𝜃
=
cos θ
Page No 11.43:
1
cos2 A + =1
1+cot2 A
ANSWER:
We know that,
sin2 𝐴 − cos2 𝐴 = 1,
cosec 2 𝐴 − cot 2 𝐴 = 1
So,
T IO S
1 1
cos2 A + = cos2 A +
1+cot2 A cosec2 𝐴
I
NO A D 2 1 2
CO N
= cos A + ( )
cosec2 𝐴
A
= cos2 A + (sin 𝐴)2
PY
DO U A
= cos2 A + sin2 𝐴
T
ED PR
=1
C
©
Page No 11.43:
1
sin2 A + =1
1+tan2 A
ANSWER:
We know that,
sin2 𝐴 − cos2 𝐴 = 1,
sec 2 𝐴 − tan2 𝐴 = 1
So,
1 1
sin2 A + = sin2 A +
1+tan2 A sec2 𝐴
1 2
2
= sin A + ( )
sec 𝐴
= sin2 A + (cos2 A)2

= sin2 A + cos2 A
=1
T IO S I
Page No 11.43:
NO A D
CO N
A
1−cos θ
√ = cosec θ − cot θ
PY
1+cos θ
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR

Multiplying numerator and denominator under the square root by (1 −
C
cos θ) , we have
©
1−cos θ (1−cos θ)(1−cos θ)

√ = √(1+cos
1+cos θ θ)(1−cos θ)
(1−cos θ)2
=√
1−cos2 θ
(1−cos θ)2
=√
sin2 θ
1−cos θ
=
sin θ
1 cos θ
= −
sin θ sin θ
= cosec θ − cot θ
Page No 11.43:
1−cos θ sin θ
=
sin θ 1+cos θ
ANSWER:
1−cos θ sin θ
We have to prove = .
sin θ 1+cos θ
T IO S I
Multiplying both numerator and denominator by (1 + cos θ), we have
NO A D
CO N
1−cos 𝜃 (1−cos θ)(1+cos θ)
=
A
sin θ sin θ(1+cos θ)
PY
1−cos2 𝜃
DO U A
=
sin θ(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
T
ED PR
sin2 𝜃
=
C
sin θ
=
©
1+cos θ
Page No 11.44:
sin θ
= cosec θ + cot θ
1−cos θ
ANSWER:
sin θ
We have to prove = cosec θ + cot θ.
1−cos θ

Multiplying both numerator and denominator by (1 + cos θ), we have
sin θ sin θ(1+cos θ)
= (1−cos
1−cos θ θ)(1+cos θ)
=
1−cos2 𝜃
=
sin2 𝜃
1+cos θ
=
sin θ
1 cos θ
= +
T IO S
sin θ sin θ
= cosec θ + cot θ
I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 11.44:
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
1−sin θ
= (sec θ − tan θ)2
1+sin θ
C
ANSWER:
©
1−sin θ
We have to prove = (sec θ − tan θ)2
1+sin θ
We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1.
Multiplying both numerator and denominator by (1 − sin θ), we have

1−sin θ (1−sin θ)(1−sin θ)
= (1+sin
1+sin θ θ)(1−sin θ)
(1−sin θ)2
= (1−sin2
θ)
1−sin θ 2
=( )
cos θ
1 sin θ 2
=( + )
cos θ cos θ
= (sec θ + tan θ)2
Page No 11.44:
(1+cot2 θ) tan θ
T IO S
= cot θ
sec2 θ
I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
(1+cot2 θ) tan θ
A
We have to prove = cot θ
sec2 θ
PY
DO U A
We know that, sec 2 θ − tan2 θ = 1
T
ED PR
So,
(1+cot2 θ) tan θ (1+cot2 θ) tan θ
=
C
sec2 θ (1+tan2 θ)
©
1
(1+ ) tan θ
tan2 θ
= (1+tan2 θ)
tan2 θ+1
( ) tan θ
tan2 θ
= (1+tan2 θ)
(1+tan2 θ) tan θ
=
tan2 θ(1+tan2 θ)
1
=
tan θ
= cot θ
Page No 11.44:
tan2θ − sin2θ = tan2θ sin2θ

ANSWER:
We have to prove tan2θ − sin2θ = tan2θ sin2θ
T IO S
So,
I
sin2 θ
NO A D
tan θ − sin θ =
2 2
− sin2 θ
CO N
cos2 θ
A
sin2 θ−sin2 θcos2 θ
=
PY
cos2 θ
DO U A
sin2 θ(1−cos2 θ)
T
=
ED PR
cos2 θ
sin2 θsin2 θ
=
cos2 θ
C
sin2 θ
©
= sin2 θ
cos2 θ
= tan2 θ sin2 θ
Page No 11.44:
(cosec θ + sin θ) (cosec θ − sin θ) = cot2 θ + cos2θ

ANSWER:
We have to prove (cosec θ + sin θ) (cosec θ − sin θ) = cot2 θ + cos2θ
We know that,
sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1,
cosec 2 θ − cot 2 θ = 1
So,
(cosec θ + sin θ) (cosec θ − sin θ) = cosec 2 θ + sin2 θ
= (1 + cot 2 θ) − (1 − cos2 θ)
= 1 + cot 2 θ − 1 + cos 2 θ
= cot 2 θ + cos2 θ
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 11.44:
A
PY
DO U A
T
(sec θ + cos θ)(sec θ − cos θ) = tan2θ + sin2θ
ED PR
ANSWER:
C
We have to prove (sec θ + cos θ)(sec θ − cos θ) = tan2θ + sin2θ

©
We know that,
sec 2 θ − tan2 θ = 1
(sec θ + cos θ)(sec θ − cos θ) = sec 2 θ − cos2 θ
= (1 + tan2 θ) − (1 − sin2 θ)
= (1 + tan2 θ) − (1 − sin2 θ)
= 1 + tan2 θ − 1 + sin2 θ
= tan2 θ + sin2 θ
Page No 11.44:
secA (1 − sinA) (secA + tanA) = 1

ANSWER:
We have to prove secA (1 − sinA) (secA + tanA) = 1
We know that, sec 2 A − tan2 A = 1
T IO S
So,
I
NO A D
secA (1 − sinA) (secA + tanA) = {secA (1 − sinA)}(secA + tanA)
CO N
A
= (secA − secA sinA)(secA + tanA)
PY
1
DO U A
= (secA − sinA) (secA + tanA)
cosA
T
ED PR
sinA
= (secA − ) (secA + tanA)
cosA
= (secA − tanA)(secA + tanA)

C
©
= sec 2 A − tan2 A
=1
Page No 11.44:
(cosecA − sinA)(secA − cosA)(tanA + cotA) = 1

ANSWER:
We have to prove (cosecA − sinA)(secA − cosA)(tanA + cotA) = 1
We know that, sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
So,
(cosecA − sinA)(secA − cosA)(tanA + cotA)
1 1 sinA
= ( − sinA) ( − cosA) ( −
sinA cosA cosA
cosA
)
sinA
1−sin2 A 1−cos2 A sin2 A+cos2 A
=( )( )( )
T IO S
sinA cosA sinAcosA
cos2 A sin2 A
I
1
=( )( )( )
NO A D sinA cosA sinAcosA
CO N
sin2 Acos2 A
A
=
sin2 Acos2 A
PY
DO U A
=1
T
ED PR
Page No 11.44:
C

©
(1 + tan2θ) (1 – sin θ) (1 + sin θ) = 1

ANSWER:
We have to prove (1 + tan2θ) (1 – sin θ) (1 + sin θ) = 1
We know that,
sec 2 θ − tan2 θ = 1
So,
(1 + tan2θ) (1 – sin θ) (1 + sin θ) = (1 + tan2θ) (1 – sin θ) (1 + sin θ)
= (1 + tan2θ) (1 + sin2 θ)
= sec 2 θ cos2 θ
1
= cos2 θ
cos2 θ
=1
Page No 11.44:
T IO S
sin2 A cot2 A + cos2 A tan2 A = 1
I
ANSWER: NO A D
CO N
A
We have to prove sin2 A cot2 A + cos2 A tan2 A = 1
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
So,
cos2 A sin2 A
sin2 A cot2 A + cos2 A tan2 A = sin2 A + cos2 A
sin2 A cos2 A
C
©
= cos2 A + sin2 A
=1
Page No 11.44:
2 cos2 θ−1
(i) cot θ − tan θ =
sin θ cos θ
2 sin2 θ−1
(ii) tan θ − cot θ =
sin θ cos θ
sin A−2sin3 A
(iii) = tan A
2 cos3 A−cos A
ANSWER:
2 cos2 θ−1
(i) We have to prove cot θ − tan θ =
sin θ cos θ
We know that, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

So,
T IO S
cos θ sin θ
cot θ − tan θ = −
I
sin θ cos θ
NO A D cos2 θ−sin2 θ
CO N
=
A
sin θ cos θ
PY
cos2 θ−(1−cos2 θ)
DO U A
=
sin θ cos θ
T
cos2 θ−1+cos2 θ
ED PR
=
sin θ cos θ
2 cos2 θ−1
=
C
sin θ cos θ
©
2 sin2 θ−1
(ii) We have to prove tan θ − cot θ =
sin θ cos θ

So,
sin θ cos θ
tan θ − cot θ = −
cos θ sin θ
sin2 θ−cos2 θ
=
sin θ cos θ
sin2 θ−(1−sin2 θ)
=
sin θ cos θ
sin2 θ−1+sin2 θ
=
sin θ cos θ
2 sin2 θ−1
=
sin θ cos θ
(iii) Given
sin A−2sin3 A
= tan A
2 cos3 A−cos A
sinA−2sin3 A
LHS =
2cos3 A−cosA
T IO S
sinA (1−2sin2 A)
=
I
cosA (2cos2 A−1)
NO A D
(sin2 A+cos2 A−2 sin2 A)
CO N
= tanA (2 (∵ sin2 A + cos2 A = 1)
A
cos2 A−sin2 A−cos2 A)
PY
cos2 A− sin2 A
DO U A
= tanA ( )
cos2 A− sin2 A
T
ED PR
= tanA
= RHS
C
Hence proved.
©
Page No 11.44:
cos2 θ
− cosec θ + sin θ = 0
sin θ
ANSWER:
cos2 θ
We have to prove − cosec θ + sin θ = 0
sin θ

So,
cos2 θ cos2 θ
− cosec θ + sin θ = ( − cosec θ) + sin θ
sin θ sin θ
cos2 θ 1
=( − ) + sin θ
sin θ sin θ
cos2 θ−1
=( ) + sin θ
sin θ
−sin2 θ
=( ) + sin θ
sin θ
= −sin2 θ + sin θ
T IO S
=0
I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 11.44:
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
1 1
+ = 2 sec 2 A
1+sinA 1−sinA
C
ANSWER:
©
1 1
We have to prove + = 2 sec 2 A
1+sinA 1−sinA

So,
1 1 (1−sinA)+(1+sinA)
+ = (1+sinA)(1−sinA)
1+sinA 1−sinA
1−sin 𝐴+1+sin 𝐴
=
1−sin2 𝐴
2
=
cos2 𝐴
= 2 sec 2 𝐴
Page No 11.44:
1+sin θ cos θ
+ = 2 sec θ
cos θ 1+sin θ
ANSWER:
1+sin θ cos θ
We have to prove + = 2 sec θ
T IO S
cos θ 1+sin θ
I
NO A D
Multiplying the denominator and numerator of the second term
CO N
A
by (1 − sinθ), we have
PY
DO U A
1+sin θ cos θ 1+sin θ cos θ(1−sinθ)
+ = + (1+sinθ)(1−sinθ)
cos θ 1+sin θ cos θ
T
ED PR
1+sin θ cos θ(1−sinθ)

= +
cos θ 1−sin2 θ
1+sin θ cos θ(1−sinθ)
C
= +
cos θ cos2 θ
©
1+sin θ 1−sinθ
= +
cos θ cos θ
1+sin θ+1−sinθ
=
cos θ
2
=
cos θ
= 2 sec θ
Page No 11.44:
(1+sinθ)2 +(1− sinθ)2 1+sin2 θ

=
2 cos2 θ 1−sin2 θ
ANSWER:
(1+sinθ)2 +(1− sinθ)2 1+sin2 θ
We have to prove that = .
2 cos2 θ 1−sin2 θ

So,
(1+sinθ)2 +(1− sinθ)2 (1+2 sinθ+sin2 θ)+(1+2 sinθ+sin2 θ)
=
2 cos2 θ 2 cos2 θ
1+2 sinθ+sin2 θ+1+2 sinθ+sin2 θ
T IO S
=
2 cos2 θ
I
2+2 sin2 θ
NO A D =
2 cos2 θ
CO N
A
2 (1+sin2 θ)
=
PY
2 (1−sin2 θ)
DO U A
1+sin2 θ
T
=
ED PR
1−sin2 θ
C
Page No 11.44:
©
1+tan2 θ 1−tanθ 2
=( ) = tan2 θ
1+cot2 θ 1−cotθ
ANSWER:
1+tan2 θ 1−tanθ 2
We have to prove =( ) = tan2 θ
1+cot2 θ 1−cotθ
Consider the expression

1+tan2 θ 1+tan2 θ
= 1
1+cot2 θ 1+
tan2 θ
1+tan2 θ
= tan2 θ+1
tan2 θ
2 1+tan2 θ
= tan θ
1+tan2 θ
= tan2 θ
Again, we have
2
1−tanθ 2 1−tanθ
( ) =( 1 )
1−cotθ 1−tanθ
T IO S
1+tanθ
=
I
tanθ+1
tanθ
NO A D
CO N
1+tanθ
= tan2 θ
A
tanθ−1
PY
= tan2 θ(−1)2
DO U A
T
= tan2 θ
ED PR
C
Page No 11.44:
©
1+secθ sin2 θ
=
secθ 1−cosθ
ANSWER:
1+secθ sin2 θ
We have to prove =
secθ 1−cosθ

1
1+secθ 1+cosθ
= 1
secθ
cosθ
cosθ+1
cosθ
= 1
cosθ
1+cosθ
=
1
Multiplying the numerator and denominator by (1 − cosθ), we have

1+secθ (1+cosθ)(1−cosθ)
= (1−cosθ)
secθ
1−cos2 θ
=
1−cos2 θ
sin2 θ
=
1−cos2 θ
T IO S I
NO A D Page No 11.44:
CO N
A
PY
tanθ cotθ
+ = 1 + tanθ + cotθ
DO U A
1−cotθ 1−tanθ
T
ED PR
ANSWER:
C
tanθ cotθ
We need to prove + = 1 + tanθ + cotθ
©
1−cotθ 1−tanθ
1
Now, using cotθ = in the L.H.S, we get
tanθ
1
tanθ cotθ tanθ (tanθ)
+ = 1 +
1−cotθ 1−tanθ (1−tanθ) 1−tanθ
tanθ 1
= tanθ−1 +
( tanθ ) tanθ(1−tanθ)
tanθ 1
=( ) (tanθ) +
tanθ−1 tanθ(1−tanθ)
tan2 θ 1
= −
tanθ−1 tanθ(tanθ−1)
tan2 θ−1
=
tanθ(tanθ−1)
Further using the identity 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 ) we get
tan2 θ−1 (tanθ−1)(tan2 θ−tanθ+1)
=
tanθ(tanθ−1) tanθ(tanθ−1)
tan2 θ+tanθ+1
=
tanθ
tan2 θ tanθ 1
= + +
tanθ tanθ tanθ
= tanθ + 1 + cotθ
T IO S
tanθ cotθ
Hence + = 1 + tanθ + cotθ
I
1−cotθ 1−tanθ
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 11.44:
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
sec6θ = tan6θ + 3 tan2θ sec2θ + 1

ANSWER:
C
We need to prove sec6θ = tan6θ + 3 tan2θ sec2θ + 1

©
Solving the L.H.S, we get

𝑠𝑒𝑐 6 𝜃 = (sec 2 𝜃 )3
= (1 + tan2 𝜃 )3
Further using the identity (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 , we get
(1 + tan2 𝜃 )3 = 1 + tan6 𝜃 + 3(1)2 (tan2 𝜃 ) + 3(1)(tan2 𝜃 )2
= 1 + tan6 𝜃 + 3 tan2 𝜃 + 3 tan4 𝜃
= 1 + tan6 𝜃 + 3 tan2 𝜃 (1 + tan2 𝜃 )
= 1 + tan6 𝜃 + 3 tan2 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃
(using 1 + tan2 𝜃 = sec 2 𝜃 )
Hence proved.
Page No 11.44:
Question 32: Prove the following trigonometric identities
T IO S
cosec6θ = cot6θ + 3 cot2θ cosec2θ + 1
I
NO A D
ANSWER:
CO N
We need to prove cosec6θ = cot6θ + 3 cot2θ cosec2θ + 1
A
PY
DO U A
T
cosec 6 𝜃 = (cosec 6 𝜃 )3
ED PR
= (1 + cot 2 𝜃 )3 (1 + cot 2 𝜃 = cosec 6 𝜃 )

Further using the identity (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 , we get
C
©
(1 + cot 2 𝜃 )3 = 1 + cot 6 𝜃 + 3(1)2 (cot 2 𝜃 ) + 3(1)(cot 2 𝜃 )2

= 1 + cot 6 𝜃 + 3 cot 2 𝜃 + 3 cot 4 𝜃
= 1 + cot 6 𝜃 + 3 cot 2 𝜃 (1 + cot 2 𝜃 )
= 1 + cot 6 𝜃 + 3 cot 2 𝜃 cosec 2 𝜃
(using 1 + cot 2 𝜃 = cosec 2 𝜃 )
Hence proved.
Page No 11.44:
(1+tan2 θ) cotθ
= tanθ
cosec2 θ
ANSWER:
(1+tan2 θ) cotθ
We need to prove = tanθ
cosec2 θ
T IO S
(1+tan2 θ) cotθ sec2 θ cotθ
=
cosec2 θ cosec2 θ
I
NO A D
Using sec 𝜃 =
1
, cot 𝜃 =
cos 𝜃
and cosec 𝜃 =
1
CO N
, we get
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
A
1 cos 𝜃
( )
PY
sec2 θ cotθ cos2 𝜃 sin 𝜃
DO U A
= 1
cosec2 θ
sin2 𝜃
T
ED PR
1
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
= 1
sin2 𝜃
C
sin2 𝜃
©
=
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
sin 𝜃
=
cos 𝜃
= tan 𝜃
Hence proved.
Page No 11.44:
1+cosA 1
=
sin2 A 1−cosA
ANSWER:
1+cosA 1
We need to prove =
sin2 A 1−cosA
Using the property cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1, we get

1+cosA 1+cosA
LHS = =
sin2 A 1−cos2 A
Further using the identity, 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏), we get

1+cosA 1+cosA
= (1−cosA)(1+cosA)
T IO S
1−cos2 A
I
1
=
NO A D 1−cosA
CO N
A
= RHS
PY
Hence proved.
DO U A
T
ED PR
Page No 11.44:
C

©
secA−tanA cos2 A
= (1+sinA)2
secA+tanA
ANSWER:
secA−tanA cos2 A
We need to prove = (1+sinA)2
secA+tanA
Here, we will first solve the LHS.

1 sin 𝜃
Now, using sec 𝜃 = and tan 𝜃 = , we get
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
1 sin 𝐴
secA−tanA −
cosA cos 𝐴
= 1 sin 𝐴
secA+tanA +
cosA cos 𝐴
1−sin 𝐴
cos 𝐴
= 1+sin 𝐴
cos 𝐴
1−sin 𝐴
=
1+sin 𝐴
Further, multiplying both numerator and denominator by 1 + sin 𝐴, we

get
1−sin 𝐴 1−sin 𝐴 1+sin 𝐴
=( )( )
1+sin 𝐴 1+sin 𝐴 1+sin 𝐴
T IO S
(1−sin 𝐴)(1+sin 𝐴)
= (1−sin 𝐴)2
I
NO A D1−sin2 𝐴
CO N
= (1−sin
A
𝐴)2
Now, using the property cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1, we get
PY
DO U A
So,
T
ED PR
1−sin2 𝐴 cos2 A
(1−sin 𝐴)2
= (1+sinA)2
= RHS
C
Hence proved.
©
Page No 11.44:
1+cos A sin A
=
sin A 1−cos A
ANSWER:
1+cos A sin A
We need to prove =
sin A 1−cos A
Now, multiplying the numerator and denominator of LHS by 1 − cos A,

we get
1+cos A 1+cos A 1−cos A
= ×
sin A sin A 1−cos A
Further using the identity, 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏), we get
1+cos A 1−cos A 1−cos2 A
× =
sin A 1−cos A sin A(1−cos A)
sin2 A
= (using sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1)
sin A(1−cos A)
sin A
=
1−cos A
Hence proved.
T IO S
Page No 11.44:
I
NO A D
CO N
A
1+sin A
(i) √ = sec A + tan A
PY
DO U A
1−sin A
T
ED PR
1−cos A
(ii) √ = cosec A − cot A
1+cos A
C
ANSWER:
©
1+sin A
(i) We need to prove √ = sec A + tan A
1−sin A
Here, rationalizing the L.H.S, we get

1+sin A 1+sin A 1+sin A
√ =√ ×√
1−sin A 1−sin A 1+sin A
(1+sin A)2
=√
1−sin2 A
Further using the property, sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get

So,
(1+sin A)2 (1+sin A)2
√ =√
1−sin2 A cos2 A
1+sin 𝐴
=
cos 𝐴
1 sin 𝐴
= +
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= sec 𝐴 + tan 𝐴
Hence proved.
T IO S
1−cos A
(ii) We need to prove √ = cosec A + cot A
I
1+cos A
NO A D
CO N
Here, rationalizing the L.H.S, we get
A
PY
1−cos A 1−cos A 1−cos A
DO U A
√ =√ ×√
T
ED PR
(1−cos A)2
=√
1−cos2 A
C
Further using the property, sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get

©
So,
(1−cos A)2 (1−cos A)2
√ =√
1−cos2 A sin2 A
1−cos 𝐴
=
sin 𝐴
1 cos 𝐴
= −
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴
= cosec A − cot A
Hence proved.
Page No 11.44:
sec θ−1 sec θ+1

(i) √ +√ = 2 cosec θ
sec θ+1 sec θ−1
1+sin θ 1−sin θ
(ii) √ +√ = 2 sec θ
1−sin θ 1+sin θ
1+cos θ 1−cos θ
(iii) √ +√ = 2 cosec θ
1−cos θ 1+cos θ
sin θ 2
T IO S
sec θ−1
(iv) =( )
sec θ+1 1+cos θ
I
sinθ+1−cosθ 1+sinθ
(v)
NO A D
cosθ−1+sinθ
=
cosθ
CO N
A
ANSWER:
PY
DO U A
(i) We have,
T
ED PR
sec θ−1 sec θ+1 sec θ−1 sec θ+1

√ +√ =√ +√
sec θ+1 sec θ−1 sec θ+1 sec θ−1
C
√sec θ−1√sec θ−1+√sec θ+1√sec θ+1

=
©
√sec θ+1√sec θ−1

2 2
(√sec θ−1) (√sec θ+1)
=
√sec θ+1√sec θ−1
sec θ−1+sec θ+1
=
√sec2 θ−1
2 sec θ
=
√tan2 θ
2 sec θ
=
tan θ
1
2cos θ
= sin θ
cos θ
1
=2
sin θ
= 2 cosec θ
(ii) We have,
1+sin θ 1−sin θ 1+sin θ 1−sin θ
√ +√ =√ +√
1−sin θ 1+sin θ 1−sin θ 1+sin θ
√1+sin θ√1+sin θ+√1−sin θ√1−sin θ

=
√1−sin θ√1+sin θ
2 2
(√1+sin θ) (√1−sin θ)
=
√1−sin θ√1+sin θ
T IO S
1+sin θ+1−sin θ
I
=
√1−sin2 θ
NO A D
CO N
2
=
A
√cos2 θ
PY
2
DO U A
=
cos θ
T
ED PR
= 2 sec θ
(iii) We have,
C
©
1+cos θ 1−cos θ 1+cos θ 1−cos θ

√ +√ =√ +√
1−cos θ 1+cos θ 1−cos θ 1+cos θ
√1+cos θ√1+cos θ+√1−cos θ√1−cos θ

=
√1−cos θ√1+cos θ
2 2
(√1+cos θ) (√1−cos θ)
=
√1−cos θ√1+cos θ
1+cos θ+1−cos θ
=
√1−cos2 θ
2
=
√sin2 θ
2
=
sin θ
= 2 cosec θ
(iv) We have,
1
sec θ−1 cos θ
−1
= 1
sec θ+1 +1
cos θ
1−cos θ
cos θ
= 1+cos θ
cos θ
1−cos θ
=
1+cos θ
T IO S
Multiplying both the numerator and the denominator by (1 + cos θ), we
have
I
NO A D
sec θ−1 (1−cos θ)(1+cos θ)
CO N
= (1+cos
A
sec θ+1 θ)(1+cos θ)
(1−cos2 θ)
PY
DO U A
= (1+cos θ)2
T
sin2 θ
ED PR
= (1+cos
θ)2
sin θ 2
C
=( )
1+cos θ
©
(v) We have,
sinθ+1−cosθ sinθ+(1−cosθ)
=
cosθ−1+sinθ sinθ−(1−cosθ)
Multiplying both the numerator and the denominator by sinθ +

(1 − cosθ), we have
sinθ+1−cosθ {sinθ+(1−cosθ)}{sinθ+(1−cosθ)}
= {sinθ−(1−cosθ)}{sinθ+(1−cosθ)}
cosθ−1+sinθ
{sinθ+(1−cosθ)}2
= {sin2
θ−(1−cosθ)2 }
sinθ+2sinθ(1−cosθ)+(1−cosθ)2
=
sin2 θ−(1−2 cosθ+ cos2 θ)
sin2 θ+2 sin θ−2 sin θ cos θ+(1−2 cos θ+cos2 θ)
=
sin2 θ−(sin2 θ+cos2 θ−2 cos θ+cos2 θ)
(sin2 θ+cos2 θ)+2 sin θ−2 sin θ cos θ+1−2 cos θ

=
−2 cos2 θ+2 cos θ
1+2 sin θ−2 sin θ cos θ−2 cos θ
=
−2 cos2 θ+2 cos θ
2+2 sin θ−2 sin θ cos θ−2 cos θ
=
−2 cos θ(1−cosθ)
2(1+sin θ)−2 cos θ(sin θ+1)
=
T IO S
2 cos θ(cosθ−1)
I
(1+sin θ)(2−2 cos θ)
=
NO A D 2 cos θ(1−cosθ)
CO N
A
2(1+sin θ)(1−cos θ)
=
2 cos θ(1−cosθ)
PY
DO U A
1+sin θ
=
T
cos θ
ED PR
Page No 11.45:
C
©
1−sin A
(sec A − tan A)2 =
1+sin A
ANSWER:
1−sin A
We need to prove (sec A − tan A)2 =
1+sin A
Here, we will first solve the L.H.S.

1 sin 𝜃
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
1 sin 𝐴 2
(sec A − tan A)2 = ( − )
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴
1−sin 𝐴 2
=( )
cos 𝐴
(1−sin 𝐴)2
= (cos 𝐴)2
Further using the property sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get

So,
(1−sin 𝐴)2 (1−sin 𝐴)2
(cos 𝐴)2
=
1−sin 𝐴
T IO S
(1−sin 𝐴)2
= (1−sin (Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏))
I
𝐴)(1+sin 𝐴)
NO A D
CO N
1−sin 𝐴
=
A
1+sin 𝐴
PY
Hence proved.
DO U A
T Page No 11.45:
ED PR

C
1−cos A
= (cot A − cosec A)2
©
1+cos A
ANSWER:
1−cos A
We need to prove = (cot A − cosec A)2
1+cos A
Now, rationalizing the L.H.S, we get

1−cos A 1−cos A 1−cos A
=( )( )
(1−cos A)2
= (Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏))
1−cos2 A
1+cos2 A−2 cos 𝐴
= (using sin2 𝜃 = 1 − cos 2 𝜃 )
sin2 A
1 cos2 A 2 cos 𝐴
= + −
sin2 A sin2 A sin2 A
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
Using cosec 𝜃 = and cot 𝜃 = , we get
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
1 cos2 A 2 cos 𝐴
+ − = cosec 2 𝐴 + cot 2 𝐴 − 2 cot 𝐴 cosec 𝐴
sin2 A sin2 A sin2 A
= (cot 𝐴 − cosec 𝐴)2

(Using (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏)
Hence proved.
T IO S I
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
1 1
T
+ = 2 cosecA cotA
ED PR
secA−1 secA+1
ANSWER:
C
1 1
We need to prove + = 2 cosecA cotA
©
secA−1 secA+1

1 1 secA+1+secA−1
+ = (secA−1)(secA+1)
secA−1 secA+1
2 sec 𝐴
=
sec2 𝐴−1
Further using the property 1 + tan2 𝜃 = sec 2 𝜃, we get

So,
2 sec 𝐴 2 sec 𝐴
=
sec2 𝐴−1 tan2 𝐴
1
2(cos 𝐴)
= sin2 𝐴
cos2 𝐴
1 cos2 𝐴
=2 ×
cos 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
cos 𝐴 1
= 2( )×
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴
= 2 cosec 𝐴 cot 𝐴
Hence proved.
T IO S I
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
cos A sin A
T
+ = sin A + cos A
ED PR
1−tan A 1−cot A
ANSWER:
C
cos A sin A
We need to prove + = sin A + cos A
©
1−tan 𝐴 1−cot A

cos A sin A cos A sin A
+ = sin 𝐴 + cos 𝐴
1−tan A 1−cot A 1−cos 𝐴 1− sin 𝐴
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
= cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴 + sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
= +
cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴
cos2 𝐴−sin2 𝐴
=
cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴
(cos 𝐴+sin 𝐴)(cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴)
=
cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴
[Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)]

= cos 𝐴 + sin 𝐴
= RHS
Hence proved.
Page No 11.45:
T IO S
cosecA cosecA
+ = 2 sec 2 A
cosecA−1 cosecA+1
I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
A
cosecA cosecA
We need to prove + = 2 sec 2 A
cosecA−1 cosecA+1
PY
DO U A
Using the identity 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏), we get

T
ED PR
cosecA cosecA cosecA(cosecA+1)+cosecA(cosecA−1)

+ =
cosecA−1 cosecA+1 cosec2 A−1
C
cosecA(cosecA+1+cosecA−1)
=
©
cosec2 A−1
Further, using the property 1 + cot 2 𝜃 = cosec 2 𝜃, we get
So,
cosecA(cosecA+1+cosecA−1) cosecA(2 cosecA)
=
cosec2 A−1 cot2 A−1
2 cosec2 A
=
cot2 A−1
1
(2) ( )
sin2 𝐴
= cos2 𝐴
( 2 )
sin 𝐴
1 sin2 𝐴
= 2( )( )
sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
1
= 2( )
cos2 𝐴
= 2 sec 2 𝐴
Hence proved.
Page No 11.45:
T IO S
tan2 A cot2 A
+ =1
I
1+tan2 A 1+cot2 A
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
tan2 A cot2 A
In the given question, we need to prove + = 1.
PY
1+tan2 A 1+cot2 A
DO U A
T
ED PR
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
Now, using tan 𝜃 = and cot 𝜃 = , we get
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
C
sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
tan2 cot2 ( ) ( )
©
A A cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
+ = sin2 𝐴
+ cos2 𝐴
1+tan2 A 1+cot2 A (1+ 2 ) (1+ 2 )
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
( ) ( )
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
= cos2 𝐴+sin2 𝐴
+ sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴
( ) ( )
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
( ) ( )
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
= 1 + 1 (Using sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1)
( 2 ) ( 2 )
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
On further solving by taking the reciprocal of the denominator, we get,

sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
( ) ( ) sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
1 + 1 =( )( )+( )( )
( 2 ) ( 2 ) cos2 𝐴 1 sin2 𝐴 1
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
= sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 (Using sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1)

=1
Hence proved.
Page No 11.45:
cot A−cos A cosec A−1

=
cot A+cos A cosec A+1
T IO S
ANSWER:
I
NO A D cot A−cos A cosec A−1
CO N
In the given question, we need to prove =
cot A+cos A cosec A+1
A
PY
DO U A
cos 𝜃
Now, using cot 𝜃 =
T , we get
sin 𝜃
ED PR
cos 𝐴
cot A−cos A ( sin 𝐴 −cos A)
= cos 𝐴
cot A+cos A ( sin 𝐴 +cos A)
C
©
cos 𝐴−cos A sin 𝐴

( sin 𝐴
)
= cos 𝐴+cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
( sin 𝐴
)
On further solving by taking the reciprocal of the denominator, we get,

cos 𝐴−cos A sin 𝐴
( sin 𝐴
) cos 𝐴−cos A sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴
cos 𝐴+cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 =( )( )
( ) sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
sin 𝐴
cos 𝐴−cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴

=( )
cos 𝐴+cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
Now, taking cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 common from both the numerator and the
denominator, we get
1
cos 𝐴−cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴(sin 𝐴−1)
( )=( 1 )
cos 𝐴+cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴(sin 𝐴+1)
1
(sin 𝐴−1)
= 1
(sin 𝐴+1)
cosec 𝐴−1 1
= (Using = cosec θ)
cosec 𝐴+1 sin θ
Hence proved.
Page No 11.45:
T IO S
I
NO A D
1+cos θ−sin2 θ
CO N
= cot θ
sin θ (1+cos θ)
A
ANSWER:
PY
DO U A
1+cos θ−sin2 θ
T
In the given question, we need to prove = cot θ.
ED PR
sin θ (1+cos θ)
Using the property sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1, we get

C
So,
©
1+cosθ−sin2 θ
sinθ(1+cosθ)
1+cosθ−(1−cos2 θ)
=
sinθ(1+cosθ)
cosθ+cos2 θ
=
sinθ(1+cosθ)
Solving further, we get

cosθ+cos2 θ cosθ(1+cosθ)
=
sinθ(1+cosθ) sinθ(1+cosθ)
cosθ
=
sinθ
= cot θ
Hence proved.
Page No 11.45:
1+cos θ+sin θ 1+sin θ

(i) =
1+cos θ−sin θ cos θ
sin θ−cos θ+1 1
(ii) =
T IO S
sin θ+cos θ−1 sec θ−tan θ
cos θ−sin θ+1
(iii) = cosec θ + cot θ
I
cos θ+sin θ−1
NO A D
(iv) (sinθ + cosθ)(tanθ + cotθ) = secθ + cosecθ
CO N
A
ANSWER:
PY
DO U A
(i) We have to prove the following identity-
T
ED PR
=
Consider the LHS.

C

=
©

1+cos θ+sin θ 1+cos θ+sin θ
=( )( )
1+cos θ−sin θ 1+cos θ+sin θ
(1+cos θ+sin θ)2
= (1+cos
θ)2 −sin2 θ
2+2(cos θ+sin θ+sin θ cos θ)
=
2 cos2 θ+2 cos θ
2(1+cos θ)(1+sin θ)
=
2 cos θ(1+cos θ)
1+sin θ
=
cos θ
= RHS
Hence proved.
(ii) We have to prove the following identity-
sin θ−cos θ+1 1
=
sin θ+cos θ−1 sec θ−tan θ
Consider the LHS.
sin θ−cos θ+1

sin θ+cos θ−1
T IO S
sin θ−cos θ+1 sin θ−cos θ+1
=( )( )
sin θ+cos θ−1 sin θ+cos θ+1
I
NO A D
(sin θ+1)2 −cos θ
= (sin
CO N
θ+cos θ)2 −1
A
2 sin2 θ+2 sin θ
=
PY
DO U A
2 sin θ cos θ
T
2 sin θ(1+sin θ)
=
ED PR
2 sin θ cos θ
1+sin θ
=
cos θ
C
1+sin θ 1−sin θ
©
=( )( )
cos θ 1−sin θ
cos θ
=
1−sin θ
1
= (Divide numerator and denominator by cos θ)
sec θ−tan θ
RHS
Hence proved.
(iii) We have to prove the following identity-

cos θ−sin θ+1
= cosec θ + cot θ
cos θ+sin θ−1
Consider the LHS.
cos θ−sin θ+1
cos θ+sin θ−1
cos θ−sin θ+1 cos θ−sin θ+1
= ×
cos θ+sin θ−1 cos θ+sin θ+1
(cos θ+1)2 −(sinθ)2
= (cos
θ+sin θ)2 −(1)2
cos2 θ+ 1+2 cos θ−sin2 θ

=
cos2 θ+sin2 θ+2 cos θ sin θ–1
T IO S
cos2 θ+1+2cos θ−(1−cos2 θ)
=
I
1+2 cos θ sin θ−1
NO A D
2 cos2 θ + 2 cos θ
CO N
=
A
2 cos θ sin θ
2 cos θ (cos θ+1)
PY
=
DO U A
2 cos θ sin θ
cos θ+1
T
=
ED PR
sin θ
cos θ 1
= +
C
sin θ sin θ
©
= cot θ + cosec θ
= RHS
Hence proved.
(iv)
Consider the LHS.
(sinθ + cosθ)(tanθ + cotθ)
sinθ cosθ
= (sinθ + cosθ) ( + )
cosθ sinθ
sin2 θ+cos2 θ
= (sinθ + cosθ) ( )
sinθ×cosθ
sinθ+cosθ
= [sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1]
sinθ×cosθ
1 1
= +
cosθ sinθ
= secθ + cosecθ
= RHS
Hence proved.
T IO S
Page No 11.45:
I
NO A D
CO N
A
1 1 1 1
− = −
PY
sec A+tan A cos A cos A sec A−tan A
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR
1 1 1
In the given question, we need to prove − = −
sec A+tan A cos A cos A
1
.
C
sec A−tan A
©
Here, we will first solve the L.H.S.

1 sin 𝜃
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
1 1 1 1
− = 1 sin A −( )
sec A+tan A cos A (cos A+cos A) cos A
1 1
= 1+sin A −( )
( cos A ) cos A
cos A 1
=( )−( )
1+sin A cos A
cos2 A−(1+sin A)
=
(1+sin A)(cos A)
On further solving, we get

cos2 A−(1+sin A) cos2 A−1−sin A
=
(1+sin A)(cos A) (1+sin A)(cos A)
−sin2 A−1−sin A
= (Using sin2 𝜃 = 1 − cos2 𝜃 )
(1+sin A)(cos A)
−sin A(sin A+1)
=
(1+sin A)(cos A)
−sin A
=
cos A
= − tan A
T IO S
Similarly, we solve the R.H.S.
I
NO A D 1 sin 𝜃
CO N
A
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
1 1 1 1
PY
− =( )−
DO U A
cos A sec A−tan A cos A 1 sin A
(cos A−cos A)
T
ED PR
1 1
=( )− 1−sin A
cos A ( cos A )
C
1 cos A
=( )−( )
©
cos A 1−sin A
(1−sin A)−cos2 A
= (cos A)(1−sin A)
On further solving, we get

(1−sin A)−cos2 A 1−sin A−cos2 A
(cos A)(1−sin A)
= (cos A)(1−sin A)
sin2 A−sin A
= (Using sin2 𝜃 = 1 − cos2 𝜃 )
(cos A)(1−sin A)
sin A(1−sin A)
= (cos
A)(1−sin A)
sin A
=
cos A
= tan A
So, L.H.S = R.H.S
Hence proved.
Page No 11.45:
tan2 A + cot2 A = sec2 A cosec2 A − 2
T IO S
ANSWER:
I
In the given question, we need to prove tan2 A + cot2 A = sec2 A cosec2
NO A D
CO N
A–2
A
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
Now, using tan 𝜃 = and cot 𝜃 = in L.H.S, we get
PY
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
DO U A
sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
T
tan2 A + cot2 A = +
ED PR
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
sin 𝐴+cos4 𝐴
4
=
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
2 2
C
(sin2 𝐴) +(cos2 𝐴)
=
©
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
Further, using the identity 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − 2𝑎𝑏, we get

2 2 2
(sin2 𝐴) +(cos2 𝐴) (sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴) −2 sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴
=
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
(1)2 −2 sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴
=
sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
1 2 sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴
= −
sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
= cosec 2 𝐴 sec 2 𝐴 − 2
Since L.H.S = R.H.S
Hence proved.
Page No 11.45:
tanA tanA
Question 50: − = 2cosecA
1+secA 1−secA
ANSWER:
Consider the LHS.
tanA tanA
−
1+secA 1−secA
T IO S
tanA(1−secA)−tanA(1+secA)
=
I
(1+secA)(1−secA)
NO A D
tanA−tanAsecA−tanA−tanAsecA
CO N
= (1−sec2 A)
A
−2tanAsecA
PY
=
DO U A
(1−sec2 A)
T
−2tanAsecA
ED PR
=
−tan²A
2secA
=
C
tanA
©
= 2cosecA
= RHS
Hence proved.
Page No 11.45:
cot2 θ
1+ = cosec θ
1+cosec θ
ANSWER:
cot2 θ
In the given question, we need to prove 1 + = cosec θ
1+cosec θ
cos 𝜃 1
Using cot 𝜃 = and cosec 𝜃 = , we get
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
cot2 θ 1+cosec θ+cot2 θ
1+ =
1+cosec θ 1+cosec θ
1 cos2 𝜃
(1+sin 𝜃+ )
sin2 𝜃
= 1
(1+sin 𝜃)
sin2 𝜃+sin 𝜃+cos2 𝜃

( sin 𝜃
)
= sin 𝜃+1
( sin 𝜃 )
T IO S
Further, using the property sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get
I
NO A D
sin2 𝜃+sin 𝜃+cos2 𝜃
CO N
1+sin 𝜃
( ) ( )
A
sin 𝜃 sin2 𝜃
sin 𝜃+1 = sin 𝜃+1
( sin 𝜃 ) ( sin 𝜃 )
PY
DO U A
1+sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃+1
=( )( )
T
sin2 𝜃 sin 𝜃
ED PR
1
=
sin 𝜃
C
= cosec 𝜃
©
Hence proved.
Page No 11.45:
cos θ cos θ
+ = 2 tan θ
cosec θ+1 cosec θ−1
ANSWER:
cos θ cos θ
In the given question, we need to prove + = 2 tan θ
cosec θ+1 cosec θ−1
Using the identity 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏), we get

cos θ cos θ cos θ(cosec θ−1)+cos θ(cosec θ+1)
+ =
cosec θ+1 cosec θ−1 cosec2 θ+1
cos θ(cosec θ−1+cosec θ+1)
=
cosec2 θ+1
Further, using the property 1 + cot 2 𝜃 = cosec 2 𝜃, we get

cos θ(cosec θ−1+cosec θ+1) cos θ(2 cosec θ)
=
cosec2 θ+1 cot2 θ
1
(2 cos θ)( )
sin θ
= cos2 θ
T IO S
( 2 )
sin θ
I
cos 𝜃 sin2 θ
= 2(
NO A D sin 𝜃
)(
cos2 θ
)
CO N
A
sin 𝜃
=2
cos 𝜃
PY
DO U A
= 2 tan 𝜃
T
ED PR
Hence proved.
Page No 11.45:
C

©
1 1
(1 + tan2 A) + (1 + )=
tan2 A sin2 A−sin4 A
ANSWER:
1 1
We need to prove (1 + tan2 A) + (1 + )= .
tan2 A sin2 A−sin4 A
Using the property 1 + tan2 𝜃 = sec 2 𝜃, we get

1 tan2 A+1
(1 + tan2 A) + (1 + ) = sec 2 𝐴 + ( )
tan2 A tan2 A
sec2 𝐴
= sec 2 𝐴 + ( )
tan2 A
1 sin 𝜃
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
1
sec2 𝐴 1 cos2 𝐴
sec 2 𝐴 + ( )= +( sin2 𝐴
)
tan2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
cos2 𝐴
1 1 cos2 𝐴
= +( × )
cos2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
1 1
= +
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴
=
T IO S
cos2 𝐴(sin2 𝐴)
I
Further, using the property, sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get
NO A D
CO N
sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴 1
A
=
cos2 𝐴(sin2 𝐴) cos2 𝐴(sin2 𝐴)
PY
DO U A
1
= (1−sin2 (using cos2 𝜃 = 1 − sin2 𝜃)
𝐴)(sin2 𝐴)
T
ED PR
1
=
sin2 𝐴−sin4 𝐴
C
Hence proved.
©
Page No 11.45:
sin2 A cos2 B − cos2 A sin2 B = sin2 A − sin2 B

ANSWER:
We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1
So have,
sin2 A cos2 B − cos2 A sin2 B = sin2 𝐴 (1 − sin2 𝐵) − (1 − sin2 𝐴) sin2 𝐵
= sin2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴 sin2 𝐵 − sin2 𝐵 +
sin2 𝐴 sin2 𝐵
= sin2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐵
Hence proved.
Page No 11.45:
cotA+tanB
(i) = cotA tanB
cotB+tanA
T IO S
tanA+tanB
(ii) = tanA tanB
I
cotA+cotB
ANSWER: NO A D
CO N
A
cotA+tanB
(i) We have to prove = cotA tanB
PY
cotB+tanA
DO U A
Now,
T
ED PR
1
cotA+tanB cotA+cotB
= 1
cotB+tanA cotB+cotA
C
cotA cot 𝐵+1

©
cotB
= cot 𝐴 cotB+1
cotA
cot 𝐴
=
cot 𝐵
1
= cot 𝐴
cot 𝐵
= cot 𝐴 tan 𝐵
Hence proved.
tanA+tanB
(ii) We have to prove = tanA tanB
cotA+cotB
Now,
tanA+tanB tanA+tanB
= 1 1
cotA+cotB +
tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵
tanA+tanB
= tan 𝐴+tan 𝐵
tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵
= tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵
Hence proved.
T IO S
Page No 11.45:
I
NO A D
CO N
A
cot2 A cosec2 B − cot2 B cosec2 A = cot2 A − cot2 B
PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR
We have to prove cot2 A cosec2 B − cot2 B cosec2 A = cot2 A − cot2 B

We know that, cosec 2 𝐴 + cot 2 𝐴 = 1
C
©
So,
cot 2 𝐴 cosec 2 𝐵 − cot 2 𝐵 cosec 2 𝐴
= cot 2 𝐴 (1 + cot 2 𝐵) − cot 2 𝐵 (1 + cot 2 𝐴)
= cot 2 𝐴 + cot 2 𝐴 cot 2 𝐵 − cot 2 𝐵 − cot 2 𝐴 cot 2 𝐵
= cot 2 𝐴 − cot 2 𝐵
Hence proved.
Page No 11.45:
tan2 A sec2 B − sec2 A tan2 B = tan2 A − tan2 B

ANSWER:
We have to prove tan2 A sec2 B − sec2 A tan2 B = tan2 A − tan2 B
We know that, sec 2 𝐴 + tan2 𝐴 = 1
So,
T IO S
tan2 𝐴 sec 2 𝐵 − sec 2 𝐴 tan2 𝐵
I
= tan2 𝐴 (1 + tan2 𝐵) − (1 + tan2 𝐴) tan2 𝐵
NO A D
CO N
A
= tan2 𝐴 + tan2 𝐴 tan2 𝐵 − tan2 𝐵 − tan2 𝐴 tan2 𝐵
PY
= tan2 𝐴 − tan2 𝐵
DO U A
T
Hence proved.
ED PR
C
Page No 11.45:
©
If x = a sec θ + b tan θ and y = a tan θ + b sec θ, prove

that x2 − y2 = a2 − b2
ANSWER:
Given that,
x = a sec θ + b tan θ
y = a tan θ + b sec θ
We have to prove 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
We know that, sec 2 𝜃 + tan2 𝜃 = 1
So,
𝑥 2 − 𝑦2
= (𝑎 sec 𝜃 + 𝑏 tan 𝜃 )2 − (𝑎 tan 𝜃 + 𝑏 sec 𝜃 )2
= (𝑎2 sec 2 𝜃 + 2𝑎𝑏 sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 tan2 𝜃 ) − (𝑎2 tan2 𝜃 +
2𝑎𝑏 sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 sec 2 𝜃 )
= 𝑎2 (sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃 ) − 𝑏 2 (sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃 )
= 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
T IO S
Hence proved.
I
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
If 3 sin θ + 5 cos θ = 5, prove that 5 sin θ − 3 cos θ = ± 3.

T
ED PR
ANSWER:
Given: 3 sin θ + 5 cos θ = 5
C
©
We have to prove that 5sin θ – 3cos θ = ±3.

Squaring the given equation, we have
(3 sin θ + 5 cos θ)2 = (5)2
⇒ 9 sin2 𝜃 + 2 × 3 sin 𝜃 × 5 cos 𝜃 + 25 cos2 𝜃 = 25
⇒ 9(1 − cos2 𝜃 ) + 2 × 3 sin 𝜃 × 5 cos 𝜃 + 25(1 − sin2 𝜃 ) = 25
⇒ 9 − 9 cos2 𝜃 + 2 × 3 sin 𝜃 × 5 cos 𝜃 + 25 − 25 sin2 𝜃 = 25
⇒ 34 − (9 cos 2 𝜃 − 2 × 3 sin 𝜃 × 5 cos 𝜃 + 25 sin2 𝜃 ) = 25
⇒ −(25 sin2 𝜃 − 2 × 5 sin 𝜃 × 3 cos 𝜃 + 9 cos2 𝜃 ) = −9
⇒ (25 sin2 𝜃 − 2 × 5 sin 𝜃 × 3 cos 𝜃 + 9 cos2 𝜃 ) = 9
⇒ (5sin θ – 3cos θ)2 = 9
⇒ 5sin θ – 3cos θ = ±3
Hence proved.
Page No 11.46:
T IO S
If cosec θ + cot θ = m and cosec θ − cot θ = n, prove that 𝑚𝑛 = 1
I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
A
Given:
cosec θ + cot θ = m
PY
DO U A
cosec θ − cot θ = n
T
ED PR
We have to prove 𝑚𝑛 = 1
C
©
Multiplying the two equations, we have

(cosec 𝜃 + cot 𝜃 )(cosec 𝜃 − cot 𝜃 ) = 𝑚𝑛
1 cos 𝜃 1 cos 𝜃
⇒ ( + )( − ) = 𝑚𝑛
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
1+cos 𝜃 1−cos 𝜃
⇒ ( )( ) = 𝑚𝑛
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
(1+cos 𝜃)(1−cos 𝜃)
⇒ = 𝑚𝑛
sin2 𝜃
1−cos2 𝜃
⇒ = 𝑚𝑛
sin2 𝜃
sin2 𝜃
⇒ = 𝑚𝑛
sin2 𝜃
⇒ 1 = 𝑚𝑛
⇒ 𝑚𝑛 = 1
Hence proved.
Page No 11.46:
T IO S
tan3 θ cot3 θ
+ = sec θ cosec θ − 2 sin θ cos θ
1+tan2 θ 1+cot2 θ
I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
A
tan3 θ cot3 θ
In the given question, we need to prove + =
1+tan2 θ 1+cot2 θ
PY
DO U A
sec θ cosec θ − 2 sin θ cos θ
T
Using the property 1 + tan2 𝜃 = sec 2 𝜃 and 1 + cot 2 𝜃 = cosec 2 𝜃, we
ED PR
get
tan3 θ cot3 θ tan3 θ cot3 θ
C
+ = +
1+tan2 θ 1+cot2 θ sec2 𝜃 cosec2 𝜃
©
sin3 𝜃 cos3 𝜃
( ) ( )
cos3 𝜃 sin3 𝜃
= 1 + 1
( 2 ) ( 2 )
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
Taking the reciprocal of the denominator, we get

sin3 𝜃 cos3 𝜃
( ) ( ) sin3 𝜃 cos2 𝜃 cos3 𝜃 sin2 𝜃
cos3 𝜃 sin3 𝜃
1 + 1 =( × )+( × )
( 2 ) ( 2 ) cos3 𝜃 1 sin3 𝜃 1
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
sin3 𝜃 cos3 𝜃
= +
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
sin4 𝜃+cos4 𝜃
=
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
2 2
(sin2 𝜃) +(cos2 𝜃)
=
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
Further, using the identity 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − 2𝑎𝑏, we get
2 2 2
(sin2 𝜃) +(cos2 𝜃) (sin2 𝜃+cos2 𝜃) −2 sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃
=
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
1 2 sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃
= − (Using sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1)
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
1
= − 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
= sec 𝜃 cosec 𝜃 − 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
T IO S
Hence proved.
I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 11.46:
PY
DO U A
T
T3 −T5 T5 −T7
ED PR
If T𝑛 = sinn θ + cos n θ, prove that =

T1 T3
ANSWER:
C
In the given question, we are given T𝑛 = sinn θ + cosn θ

©
T3 −T5 T5 −T7
We need to prove =
T1 T3
Here L.H.S is
T3 −T5 (sin3 θ+cos3 θ)−(sin5 θ+cos5 θ)
= (sinθ+cos θ)
T1
Now, solving the L.H.S, we get

(sin3 θ+cos3 θ)−(sin5 θ+cos5 θ) sin3 θ−sin5 θ+cos3 θ−cos5 θ
(sinθ+cos θ)
=
sinθ+cos θ
sin3 θ(1−sin2 θ)+cos3 θ(1−cos2 θ)

=
sinθ+cos θ

cos2 𝜃 = 1 − sin2 𝜃
sin2 𝜃 = 1 − cos2 𝜃
So,
sin3 θ(1−sin2 θ)+cos3 θ(1−cos2 θ) sin3 θcos2 θ+cos3 θsin2 θ
=
sinθ+cos θ sinθ+cos θ
sin2 θcos2 θ(sinθ+cos θ)
=
sinθ+cos θ
= sin2 θcos 2 θ
T IO S I
Now, solving the R.H.S, we get
NO A D
(sin5 θ+cos5 θ)−(sin7 θ+cos7 θ)
CO N
T5 −T7
=
A
T3 (sin3 θ+cos3 θ)
PY
So,
DO U A
T
(sin5 θ+cos5 θ)−(sin7 θ+cos7 θ) sin5 θ−sin7 θ+cos5 θ−cos7 θ
=
ED PR
(sin3 θ+cos3 θ) sin3 θ+cos3 θ
sin5 θ(1−sin2 θ)+cos5 θ(1−cos2 θ)

=
C
sin3 θ+cos3 θ
©

cos2 𝜃 = 1 − sin2 𝜃
sin2 𝜃 = 1 − cos2 𝜃
So,
sin5 θ(1−sin2 θ)+cos5 θ(1−cos2 θ) sin5 θcos2 θ+cos5 θsin2 θ
=
sin3 θ+cos3 θ sin3 θ+cos3 θ
sin2 θcos2 θ(sin3 θ+cos3 θ)
=
sin3 θ+cos3 θ
= sin2 θcos 2 θ
Hence proved.
Page No 11.46:
1 2 1 2 1+sin2 θ
(tan θ + ) + (tan θ − ) = 2( )
cos θ cos θ 1−sin2 θ
ANSWER:
In the given question, we need to prove
1 2 1 2 1+sin2 θ
(tan θ + ) + (tan θ − ) = 2( )
T IO S
cos θ cos θ 1−sin2 θ
I
Now, using the identity (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 in L.H.S, we get
NO A D
CO N
1 2 1 2
(tan θ + ) + (tan θ − )
A
cos θ cos θ
PY
1 tan θ 1 tan θ
DO U A
= (tan θ + +2 ) + (tan θ + −2 )
cos2 θ cos θ cos2 θ cos θ
T
ED PR
1 tan θ 1 tan θ
= tan θ + +2 + tan θ + −2
cos2 θ cos θ cos2 θ cos θ
2
= 2 tan2 θ +
C
cos2 θ
©
sin θ
Further using tan θ = , we get
cos θ
2 2 2 sin2 θ 2
2 tan θ + = +
cos2 θ cos2 θ cos2 θ
2 sin2 θ+2
=
cos2 θ
2(sin2 θ+1)
=
cos2 θ
Also, from the identity sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1, we get

2(sin2 θ+1) 2(sin2 θ+1)
=
cos2 θ 1−sin2 θ
1+sin2 θ
= 2( )
1−sin2 θ
Hence proved.
Page No 11.46:
1 1 2 2 1−sin2 θ cos2 θ
( + ) sin θ cos θ =
sec2 θ−cos2 θ cosec2 θ−sin2 θ 2+sin2 θ cos2 θ
ANSWER:
T IO S
In the given question, we need to prove
I
NO A D
1 1 1−sin2 θ cos2 θ
CO N
2 2
( + ) sin θ cos θ =
A
sec2 θ−cos2 θ cosec2 θ−sin2 θ 2+sin2 θ cos2 θ
1 1
PY
Now, using sec 𝜃 = and cosec 𝜃 = in L.H.S, we get
DO U A
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
T
ED PR
1 1
L.H.S. = ( 1 + 1 ) sin2 θ cos2 θ
( 2 )−cos2 θ ( 2 )−sin2 θ
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
C
1 1
=( + ) sin2 θ cos2 θ
©
1−cos4 𝜃 1−sin4 θ
( ) ( )
cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃
cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃
=( + ) sin2 θ cos 2 θ
1−cos4 𝜃 1−sin4 θ
Further using the identity 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏), we get

cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃
L.H.S. = ((1−cos4 + (1−sin2 ) sin2 θ cos 2 θ
𝜃)(1+cos2 θ) θ)(1+sin2 θ)
cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃
=( + ) sin2 θ cos2 θ
sin2 𝜃(1+cos2 θ) cos2 𝜃(1+sin2 θ)
cos2 𝜃(cos2 𝜃(1+sin2 θ))+sin2 𝜃(sin2 𝜃(1+cos2 θ))

=( ) sin2 θ cos2 θ
sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃(1+cos2 θ)(1+sin2 θ)
cos4 𝜃(1+sin2 θ)+sin4 𝜃(1+cos2 θ)

=( (1+cos2 θ)(1+sin2 θ)
)
Further using the identity sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get
cos4 𝜃+cos4 𝜃sin2 θ+sin4 𝜃+sin4 𝜃cos2 θ
L.H.S. = ( )
1+cos2 θ+sin2 θ+sin2 θcos2 θ
cos4 𝜃+sin4 𝜃+cos2 θsin2 θ+(cos2 θ+sin2 𝜃)
=( )
2+sin2 θcos2 θ
Now, from the identity 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − 2𝑎𝑏, we get

So,
(cos2 θ+sin2 𝜃)−2 cos2 𝜃+sin2 𝜃+cos2 θsin2 θ
T IO S
L.H.S. = ( )
2+sin2 θcos2 θ
I
(1)2 − cos2 𝜃+sin2 𝜃
NO A D
=( )
CO N
2+sin2 θcos2 θ
A
1−sin2 θcos2 θ
=( )
PY
2+sin2 θcos2 θ
DO U A
Hence proved.
T
ED PR
Page No 11.46:
C
©
1+sin θ−cos θ 2 1−cos θ

(i) ( ) =
1+sin θ+cos θ 1+cos θ
1+secθ−tanθ 1−sinθ
(ii) =
1+secθ+tanθ cosθ
ANSWER:
1+sin θ−cos θ 2 1−cos θ
(i) In the given question, we need to prove ( ) =
1+sin θ+cos θ 1+cos θ
Taking sin θ common from the numerator and the denominator of the
L.H.S, we get
1+sin θ−cos θ 2 (sin θ)(cosec θ+1−cot θ) 2
( ) = ((sin )
1+sin θ+cos θ θ)(cosec θ+1+cot θ)
1+cosec θ−cot θ 2
=( )
1+cosec θ+cot θ
Now, using the property 1 + cot 2 θ = cosec 2 θ, we get

2
1+cosec θ−cot θ 2 (cosec2 θ−cot2 θ)+cosec θ−cot θ
( ) =( )
1+cosec θ+cot θ 1+cosec θ+cot θ
Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏), we get

2
(cosec2 θ−cot2 θ)+cosec θ−cot θ
( )
1+cosec θ+cot θ
T IO S
(cosec θ−cot θ)(cosec θ−cot θ)+(cosec θ−cot θ) 2
I
=( )
NO A D 1+cosec θ+cot θ
CO N
Taking cosec θ − cot θ common from the numerator, we get
A
(cosec θ−cot θ)(cosec θ−cot θ)+(cosec θ−cot θ) 2
PY
DO U A
( )
1+cosec θ+cot θ
T
(cosec θ−cot θ)(cosec θ−cot θ+1) 2
ED PR
=( )
1+cosec θ+cot θ
= (cosec θ − cot θ)2

C
©
cos 𝜃 1
Using cot 𝜃 = and cosec 𝜃 = , we get
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
1 cos 𝜃 2
(cosec θ − cot θ)2 = ( − )
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
1−cos 𝜃 2
=( )
sin 𝜃
1−cos 𝜃 2
=( )
sin2 𝜃
Now, using the property sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1, we get

1−cos 𝜃 2 (1−cos 𝜃)2
( ) =
sin2 𝜃 1−cos2 𝜃
(1−cos 𝜃)2
= (1+cos
𝜃)(1−cos 𝜃)
1−cos 𝜃
=
1+cos 𝜃
Hence proved.
(ii)
Consider the LHS.
1+secθ−tanθ
1+secθ+tanθ
(secθ−tanθ)+1
=
T IO S
1+secθ+tanθ
(secθ−tanθ)+(sec2 θ−tan2 θ)
I
= (sec 2 θ − tan2 θ = 1)
NO A D 1+secθ+tanθ
CO N
(secθ−tanθ)(1+secθ+tanθ)
A
=
1+secθ+tanθ
PY
DO U A
= secθ − tanθ
T
1 sinθ
ED PR
= −
cosθ cosθ
1−sinθ
=
C
cosθ
©
= RHS
Hence proved.
Page No 11.46:
(sec A + tan A − 1) (sec A − tan A + 1) = 2 tan A

ANSWER:
We have to prove (sec A + tan A − 1) (sec A − tan A + 1) = 2 tan A
We know that, sec 2 A − tan2 A = 1
So, we have
(sec A + tan A − 1) (sec A − tan A + 1)
= {sec A + (tan A − 1)} {sec A − (tan A + 1)}
= sec 2 A + (tan A − 1)2
= sec 2 A + (tan2 A − 2 tan 𝐴 + 1)
= (sec 2 A + tan2 A) + 2 tan 𝐴 − 1
So, we have
T IO S
(sec A + tan A − 1) (sec A − tan A + 1) = 1 + 2 tan 𝐴 − 1
I
= 2 tan 𝐴
NO A D
CO N
Hence proved.
A
PY
DO U A
Page No 11.46:
T
ED PR

C
(1 + cot A − cosec A) (1 + tan A + sec A) = 2

©
ANSWER:
We have to prove (1 + cot A − cosec A) (1 + tan A + sec A) = 2
We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1.

So,
(1 + cot A − cosec A) (1 + tan A + sec A)
cos 𝐴 1 sin 𝐴 1
= (1 + − ) (1 + + )
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴
sin 𝐴+cos 𝐴−1 cos 𝐴+sin 𝐴+1
=( )( )
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
(sin 𝐴+cos 𝐴−1)(sin 𝐴+cos 𝐴+1)
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
{(sin 𝐴+cos 𝐴)−1}{(sin 𝐴+cos 𝐴)+1}
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
(sin 𝐴+cos 𝐴)2 −1
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
sin2 𝐴+2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+cos2 𝐴−1
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
(sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴)+2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴−1
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
(sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴)+2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴−1
= ’
T IO S
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
I
1+2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴−1
=
NO A D sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
CO N
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
A
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
PY
DO U A
=2
T
ED PR
Hence proved.
C
Page No 11.46:
©
(cosec θ − sec θ) (cot θ − tan θ) = (cosec θ + sec θ) ( sec θ cosec θ − 2)

ANSWER:
We have to prove
(cosec θ − sec θ) (cot θ − tan θ) = (cosec θ + sec θ) (sec θ cosec θ − 2)
cos 𝐴 1
Consider the LHS. (1 + − )
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴
1 1 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
(cosec θ − sec θ) (cot θ − tan θ) = ( − )( − )
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
cos 𝜃−sin 𝜃 cos2 𝜃−sin2 𝜃
=( )( )
(cos 𝜃−sin 𝜃) (cos 𝜃+sin 𝜃)(cos 𝜃−sin 𝜃)
=
(cos 𝜃+sin 𝜃)(cos 𝜃−sin 𝜃)2
=
sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃
Now, consider the RHS.

1 1 1 1
(cosec θ + sec θ) (sec θ cosec θ − 2) = ( + )( − 2)
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
T IO S
cos 𝜃+sin 𝜃 1−2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
=( )( )
I
NO A D (cos 𝜃−sin 𝜃) cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃−2 cos 𝜃−sin 𝜃
CO N
= ( )
A
PY
(cos 𝜃+sin 𝜃)(cos 𝜃−sin 𝜃)2
DO U A
=
sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃
T
ED PR
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
C
©
Page No 11.46:
(sec A − cosec A) (1 + tan A + cot A) = tan A sec A − cot A cosec A

ANSWER:
We have to prove (sec A − cosec A) (1 + tan A + cot A) = tan A sec A −
cot A cosec A
So,
1 1 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
(sec A − cosec A) (1 + tan A + cot A) = ( − ) (1 + + )
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴
=( )( )
sin 𝐴cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+1
=( )( )
sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+1
=( )( )
(sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)(sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+1)
=
sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴
sin2 𝐴 cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴−cos2 𝐴 sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴
=
T IO S
sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴
(sin2 𝐴 cos 𝐴−cos 𝐴)(sin 𝐴−cos2 𝐴 sin 𝐴)
I
=
NO A D sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴
CO N
cos 𝐴(sin2 𝐴−1)−sin 𝐴(1−cos2 𝐴)
A
=
sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴
PY
DO U A
cos 𝐴(−cos2 𝐴−1)−sin 𝐴(sin2 𝐴)
=
T
sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴
ED PR
−cos3 𝐴−sin3 𝐴
=
sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴
C
sin3 𝐴−cos3 𝐴
=
©
sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴
sin3 𝐴 cos3 𝐴
= −
sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= −
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
sin 𝐴 1 cos 𝐴 1
= −
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin2 𝐴 sin 𝐴
= tan 𝐴 sec 𝐴 − cot 𝐴 cosec 𝐴

Hence proved.
Page No 11.46:
cos A cosec A−sin A sec A
(i) = cosec A − sec A
cos A+sin A
sin A cos A
(ii) + =1
sec A+tan A−1 cosec A+cot A−1
ANSWER:
cos A cosec A−sin A sec A
(i) We have to prove = cosec A − sec A
cos A+sin A
So,
T IO S
1 1
cos A cosec A−sin A sec A cos A sin 𝐴−sin A cos 𝐴
=
I
cos A+sin A cos A+sin A
NO A D
CO N
cos2 A−sin2 A
A
sin 𝐴cos A
=
cos A+sin A
PY
DO U A
cos2 A−sin2 A
=
T sin 𝐴cos A (cos A+sin A)
ED PR
(cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴)(cos 𝐴+sin 𝐴)

=
sin 𝐴cos A (cos A+sin A)
C
cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴
=
©
sin 𝐴cos A
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
= −
sin 𝐴cos A sin 𝐴cos A
1 1
= −
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= cosec 𝐴 − sec 𝐴
Hence proved.
sin A cos A
(ii) We have to prove + =1

So,
sin A cos A sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
+ = 1 sin 𝐴 + 1 cos 𝐴
sec A+tan A−1 cosec A+cot A−1 + −1 + −1
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= 1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴 + 1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴

= +
1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴 1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴(1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴) sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴(1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)
= (1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)(1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴)
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴(1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴+1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)
T IO S
= {1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴}{1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴}
I
NO A D =
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
CO N
1−(sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)2
A
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
PY
1−(sin2 𝐴−2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+cos2 𝐴)
DO U A
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
T
=
ED PR
1−(sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴−2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴)

2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
1−(1 −2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴)
C
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
©
=
1−1 +2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=1
Hence proved.
Page No 11.46:
sin A cos A
+ =1
ANSWER:
sin A cos A
We have to prove + =1

So,
sin A cos A
+
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= 1 sin 𝐴 + 1 cos 𝐴
+ −1 + −1
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴
T IO S
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= 1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴 + 1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴
I
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
NO A D
CO N
= +
A
1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴 1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴
PY
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴(1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴) sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴(1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)
=
DO U A
(1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)(1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴)
T
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴(1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴+1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)
ED PR
= {1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴}{1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴}

2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
C
1−(sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)2

©
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
1−(sin2 𝐴−2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+cos2 𝐴)
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
1−(sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴−2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴)
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
1−(1 −2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴)
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
1−1 +2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=1
Hence proved.
Page No 11.46:
tan A cot A
(1+tan2 A)2
+ (1+cot2 = sin A cos A
A)
ANSWER:
tan A cot A
We have to prove (1+tan2 + (1+cot2 = sin A cos A
T IO S
A)2 A)
I
We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1.
NO A D
CO N
So,
A
tan A cot A
PY
+ (1+cot2
DO U A
(1+tan2 A)2 A)
T
tan A cot A
ED PR
= (sec2
A) 2 + (cosec2 A)2
tan A cot A
= +
C
sec4 A cosec4 A
©
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
= 1 + 1
cos4 𝐴 sin4 𝐴
sin 𝐴 cos4 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin4 𝐴

= +
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
= sin 𝐴 cos3 𝐴 + cos 𝐴 sin3 𝐴

= sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 (cos2 𝐴 + sin2 𝐴)
= sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
Hence proved.
Page No 11.46:
sec4 A (1 − sin4 A) − 2 tan2 A = 1
ANSWER:
We have to prove sec4 A (1 − sin4 A) − 2 tan2 A = 1
So,
1 4 sin2 𝐴
sec A (1 − sin A) − 2 tan A =
4 4 2 (1 − sin 𝐴) − 2
cos4 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
T IO S
1 sin4 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
=( − )−2
I
cos4 𝐴 cos4 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
NO A D 1−sin4 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
CO N
=( )−2
A
cos4 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
(1−sin2 𝐴)(1+sin2 𝐴) sin2 𝐴
PY
DO U A
= −2
cos4 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
T
1+sin2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
ED PR
= −2
cos2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
1+sin2 𝐴−2 sin2 𝐴
C
=
cos2 𝐴
©
1+sin2 𝐴
=
cos2 𝐴
cos2 𝐴
=
cos2 𝐴
=1
Hence proved.
Page No 11.46:
cot2 A(sec A−1) 1−sin 𝐴

= sec 2 A ( )
1+sin A 1+sec 𝐴
ANSWER:
We have to prove = sec 2 A ( ).
1+sin A 1+sec 𝐴

So,
= sec 2 A ( )
1+sin A 1+sec 𝐴
cos2 𝐴 1
T IO S
2 (cos 𝐴−1)
sin 𝐴
=
1+sin 𝐴
I
NO A D cos2 𝐴 1−cos 𝐴
( )
CO N
sin2 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
A
1+sin 𝐴
PY
cos 𝐴(1−cos 𝐴)
DO U A
=
sin2 𝐴(1+sin 𝐴)
T
ED PR
= (1−cos2
𝐴)(1+sin 𝐴)
C
= (1−cos
𝐴)(1+cos 𝐴)(1+sin 𝐴)
©
cos 𝐴
= (1+cos
𝐴)(1+sin 𝐴)
1
sec 𝐴
= 1
(1+sec 𝐴)(1+sin 𝐴)
1
sec 𝐴
= sec 𝐴+1
( sec 𝐴 )(1+sin 𝐴)
1
= (sec
𝐴+1)(1+sin 𝐴)
Multiplying both the numerator and denominator by (1 − sin 𝐴), we have

(1−sin 𝐴)
= (sec
𝐴+1)(1+sin 𝐴)(1−sin 𝐴)
(1−sin 𝐴)
= (sec
𝐴+1)(1−sin2 𝐴)
(1−sin 𝐴)
= (sec
𝐴+1) cos2 𝐴
(1−sin 𝐴)
= sec 2 𝐴 (sec
𝐴+1)
(1−sin 𝐴)
= sec 2 𝐴 (1+sec
T IO S
𝐴)
I
Hence proved.
NO A D
CO N
Page No 11.46:
A
PY
DO U A
T
sec A cosec A
(1 + cot A + tan A)(sin A − cos A) =
ED PR
− =
cosec2 A sec2 A
sin A tan A − cot A cos A
C
ANSWER:
©
We have proved that

sec A cosec A
(1 + cot A + tan A)(sin A − cos A) = − =
cosec2 A sec2 A
sin A tan A − cot A cos A
So,
(1 + cot A + tan A)(sin A − cos A)
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
= (1 + + ) (sin A − cos A)
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+cos2 𝐴+sin2 𝐴
=( ) (sin A − cos A)
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+1
=( ) (sin A − cos A)
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
(sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+1)(sin A−cos A)
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
sin2 𝐴 cos 𝐴+sin 𝐴−cos2 𝐴 sin A−cos A
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
(sin2 𝐴 cos 𝐴+cos 𝐴)−(sin A−cos2 𝐴 −sin A)
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
cos 𝐴(sin2 𝐴−1)+sin A(1−cos2 𝐴)
T IO S
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
I
cos 𝐴(− cos2 𝐴)+sin A(sin2 𝐴)
= NO A D
CO N
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
A
− cos3 𝐴+sin3 𝐴
=
PY
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
DO U A
sin3 𝐴−cos3 𝐴
T
=
ED PR
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
sin3 𝐴 cos3 𝐴
= −
C
sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
©
= −
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= sin 𝐴 − cos 𝐴
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
= sin 𝐴 tan 𝐴 − cos 𝐴 cot 𝐴

Now,
1 1
sec A cosec A cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
− = 1 − 1
cosec2 A sec2 A
sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
= −
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= sin 𝐴 − cos 𝐴
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
= sin 𝐴 tan 𝐴 − cos 𝐴 cot 𝐴

Hence proved.
Page No 11.46:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥2 𝑦2
If cos θ + sin θ = 1 and sin θ − cos θ = 1, prove that + =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎2 𝑏2
2
ANSWER:
T IO S
Given that,
I
𝑥
NO A D𝑦
cos θ + sin θ = 1 ……. (1)
CO N
𝑎 𝑏
A
𝑥 𝑦
sin θ − cos θ = 1 …….. (2)
PY
𝑎 𝑏
DO U A
T
𝑥2 𝑦2
ED PR
We have to prove
𝑎 2 + 𝑏2
=2

C
©
Squaring and then adding the above two equations, we have

𝑥 𝑦 2 𝑥 𝑦 2
( cos θ + sin θ) + ( sin θ − cos θ) = 1 + 1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
𝑥2 2 𝑥𝑦 𝑦2
⇒( 2 cos θ + 2 sin θcos θ + sin2 θ)
𝑎 𝑎𝑏 𝑏2
𝑥2 2 𝑥𝑦 𝑦2
+( 2 sin θ + 2 sin θcos θ + cos2 θ) = 2
𝑎 𝑎𝑏 𝑏2
𝑥2 𝑦2
⇒ ( 2 2 )
2 cos θ + sin θ +
(sin2 θ + cos2 θ) = 2
𝑎 𝑏2
𝑥2 𝑦2
⇒ 2 + =2
𝑎 𝑏2
Page No 11.46:
If cosec θ − sin θ = a3, sec θ − cos θ = b3, prove that a2 b2 (a2 + b2) = 1
ANSWER:
Given that,
T IO S
cosec θ − sin θ = a3 ……... (1)
I
sec θ − cos θ = b3 ……... (2)
NO A D
CO N
A
We have to prove a2 b2 (a2 + b2) = 1
PY
DO U A
T
We know that sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1
ED PR
Now from the first equation, we have

C
cosec 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 = 𝑎3
©
1
⇒ − sin 𝜃 = 𝑎3
sin 𝜃
1−sin2 𝜃
⇒ = 𝑎3
sin 𝜃
cos2 𝜃
⇒ = 𝑎3
sin 𝜃
cos2/3 𝜃
⇒ 𝑎=
sin1/3 𝜃
Again from the second equation, we have

sec 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 = 𝑏 3
1
⇒ − cos 𝜃 = 𝑏 3
cos 𝜃
1−cos2 𝜃
⇒ = 𝑏3
cos 𝜃
sin2 𝜃
⇒ = 𝑏3
cos 𝜃
sin2/3 𝜃
⇒ 𝑏=
cos1/3 𝜃
Therefore, we have
4 4 4 4
cos3 𝜃 sin3 𝜃 cos3 𝜃 sin3 𝜃
𝑎2 𝑏 2 (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) = 2 2 ( 2 − 2 )
T IO S
sin3 𝜃 cos3 𝜃 sin3 𝜃 cos3 𝜃
I
4 4
2 2
NO A D = sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 (
3 3
cos3 𝜃
−
sin3 𝜃
)
CO N
2 2
A
sin3 𝜃 cos3 𝜃
2 4 2 4
PY
= cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
DO U A
T 3 3 3 3
= cos2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃
ED PR
=1
C
Hence proved.
©
Page No 11.47:
If a cos3 θ + 3 a cos θ sin2 θ = m, a sin3 θ + 3 a cos2 θ sin θ = n, prove

that (m + n)2/3 + (m − n)2/3 = 2a2/3
ANSWER:
Given that,
a cos3 θ + 3 a cos θ sin2 θ = m,
a sin3 θ + 3 a cos2 θ sin θ = n
We have to prove (m + n)2/3 + (m − n)2/3 = 2a2/3
Adding both the equations, we get
m + n = a cos3 θ + 3 a cos θ sin2 θ + a sin3 θ + 3 a cos2 θ sin θ
= a (cos3 θ + 3 cos2 θ + sin θ + 3 cos θ sin2 θ + sin3 θ)
= a (cos θ + sin θ)2
Also.
m – n = a cos3 θ + 3a cos θ sin2 θ + (a sin3 θ + 3 a cos2 θ sin θ)
T IO S
= a (cos3 θ – 3 cos2 θ + sin θ + 3 cos θ sin2 θ – sin3 θ)
I
NO A D
CO N
= a (cos θ – sin θ)2
A
Therefore, we have
PY
DO U A
(m + n)2/3 + (m − n)2/3
T
ED PR
= a2/3 (cos θ + sin θ)2 + a2/3 (cos θ + sin θ)2

= a2/3 {(cos θ + sin θ)2 + (cos θ + sin θ)2}
C
= a2/3 {(cos2 θ + 2cos θ sin θ + sin2 θ) +(cos2 θ – 2cos θ sin θ + sin2 θ)}
©
= a2/3 {(cos2 θ + sin2 θ + 2cos θ sin θ) +(cos2 θ + sin2 θ – 2cos θ sin θ)}
= a2/3 {(1 + 2cos θ sin θ) +(1 – 2cos θ sin θ)}
= a2/3 (1 + 2cos θ sin θ + 1 – 2cos θ sin θ)
= 2a2/3
Hence proved.
Page No 11.47:
𝑥 2/3 𝑦 2/3
If x = a cos θ, y = b sin θ, prove that ( )
3 3
+( ) =1
𝑎 𝑏
ANSWER:
Given:
x = a cos3 θ
𝑥
⇒ = cos3 𝜃
𝑎
y = b sin3 θ
𝑦
⇒ = sin3 𝜃
𝑏
T IO S
𝑥 2/3 𝑦 2/3
We have to prove ( ) +( ) =1
I
𝑎 𝑏
NO A D
CO N
We know that sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1
A
So, we have
PY
DO U A
𝑥 2/3 𝑦 2/3
T
( ) +( ) = (cos3 𝜃 )2/3 + (sin3 𝜃 )2/3
ED PR
𝑎 𝑏
𝑥 2/3 𝑦 2/3
⇒( ) +( ) = cos2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃
𝑎 𝑏
C
©
𝑥 2/3 𝑦 2/3
⇒( ) +( ) =1
𝑎 𝑏
Hence proved.
Page No 11.47:
If a cos θ + b sin θ = m and a sin θ − b cos θ = n, prove that

a2 + b2 = m2 + n2
ANSWER:
Given:
a cos θ + b sin θ = m,
a sin θ − b cos θ = n
We have to prove a2 + b2 = m2 + n2
Now, squaring and adding the two equations, we get

(𝑎 cos θ + 𝑏 sin θ)2 + (𝑎 sin θ − 𝑏 cos θ)2 = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2
T IO S
⇒ (𝑎2 cos2 θ + 2𝑎𝑏 sin θ cos θ + 𝑏 2 sin2 θ)
I
NO A D +(𝑎2 sin2 θ − 2𝑎𝑏 sin θ cos θ + 𝑏 2 cos2 θ) = 2
CO N
⇒ 𝑎2 (cos2 θ + sin2 θ) + 𝑏 2 (sin2 θ + cos2 θ) = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2
A
⇒ 𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑚 2 + 𝑛2
PY
DO U A
Hence proved.
T
ED PR
Page No 11.47:
C

©
if cos A + cos2 A = 1, prove that sin2 A + sin4 A = 1

ANSWER:
Given: cos A + cos2 A = 1
We have to prove sin2 A + sin4 A = 1
Now,
cos 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1
⇒ cos 𝐴 = 1 − cos 2 𝐴
⇒ cos 𝐴 = sin2 𝐴
⇒ sin2 𝐴 = cos 𝐴
Therefore, we have
sin2 𝐴 + sin4 𝐴 = cos 𝐴 + (cos 𝐴)2
= cos 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴
=1
Hence proved.
T IO S
Page No 11.47:
I
NO A D
Question 82: If cos θ + cos2 θ = 1, prove that sin12 θ + 3 sin10 θ + 3 sin8 θ
CO N
+ sin6 θ + 2 sin4 θ + 2 sin2 θ − 2 = 1
A
ANSWER:
PY
DO U A
Given: cos θ + cos2 θ = 1

T
ED PR
We have to prove sin12 θ + 3 sin10 θ + 3 sin8 θ + sin6 θ + 2 sin4 θ + 2 sin2 θ

−2=1
C
From the given equation, we have

©
cos θ + cos2 θ = 1
⇒ cos θ = 1 − cos2 θ
⇒ cos θ = sin2 θ
⇒ sin2 θ = cos θ
Therefore, we have
sin12 θ + 3 sin10 θ + 3 sin8 θ + sin6 θ + 2 sin4 θ + 2 sin2 θ – 2
= (sin12 𝜃 + 3 sin10 𝜃 + 3 sin8 𝜃 + sin6 𝜃 ) + (2 sin4 𝜃 + 2 sin2 𝜃 ) − 2
= {(sin4 𝜃 )3 + 3(sin4 𝜃 )2 sin2 𝜃 + 3 sin4 𝜃 (sin2 𝜃 )2 + (sin2 𝜃 )3 }
+2(sin4 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 ) − 2
= (sin4 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 )3 + 2(sin4 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 ) − 2
= (cos2 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 )3 + 2(cos2 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 ) − 2
= (1)3 + 2(1) − 2
=1
Hence proved.
T IO S
Page No 11.47:
I
Question 83: Given that: (1 + cos α) (1 + cos β) (1 + cos γ) = (1 − cos α)
NO A D
(1 − cos β) (1 − cos γ)
CO N
A
Show that one of the values of each member of this equality is sin α sin
PY
DO U A
β sin γ
T
ED PR
ANSWER:
Given: (1 + cos α) (1 + cos β) (1 + cos γ) = (1 − cos α) (1 − cos β) (1 −
C
cos γ)
©
Let us assume that

(1 + cos α) (1 + cos β) (1 + cos γ) = (1 − cos α) (1 − cos β) (1 − cos γ) = L
Then, we have
𝐿×𝐿
= (1 + cos α) (1 + cos β) (1 + cos γ) × (1 − cos α) (1 − cos β) (1 − cos γ)
⇒ 𝐿2 = {(1 + cos α) (1 – cos α)} {(1 + cos β) (1 – cos β)}
{(1 + cos γ) (1 − cos γ)}
⇒ 𝐿2 = (1 – cos2 α) (1 – cos2 β) (1 – cos2 γ)
⇒ 𝐿2 = sin2 𝛼 sin2 𝛽 sin2 𝛾
⇒ 𝐿 = ± sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 sin 𝛾
Therefore, we have
(1 + cos α) (1 + cos β) (1 + cos γ) = (1 − cos α) (1 − cos β) (1 − cos γ)
= ± sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 sin 𝛾
Taking the expression with the positive sign, we have
(1 + cos α) (1 + cos β) (1 + cos γ) = (1 − cos α) (1 − cos β) (1 − cos γ)
T IO S I
= sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 sin 𝛾
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 11.47:
PY
DO U A
4−3 (𝑥 2 −1)2
Question 84: If sin θ + cos θ = x, prove that sin6 θ + cos6 θ = .
T
4
ED PR
ANSWER:
Given: sin θ + cos 𝜃 = 𝑥
C
©
Squaring the given equation, we have

(sin θ + cos θ)2 = x
⇒ sin2 𝜃 + 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 𝑥 2
⇒ (sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 ) + 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = 𝑥 2
⇒ 1 + 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = 𝑥 2
⇒ 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = 𝑥 2 − 1
𝑥 2 −1
⇒ sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 =
2
Squaring the last equation, we have

2
(𝑥 2 −1)
(sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 )2 =
4
2
2 2 (𝑥 2 −1)
⇒ sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 =
4
Therefore, we have
sin6 𝜃 + cos6 𝜃 = (sin2 𝜃 )3 + (cos2 𝜃 )3
= (sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 )3 + 3 sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃 (sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 )
2
(𝑥 2 −1)
= (1 )3 +3 (1)
4
T IO S
2
(𝑥 2 −1)
=1−3
4
I
NO A D 4−3(𝑥 2 −1)
2
CO N
=
A
4
Hence proved.
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
Page No 11.47:
Question 85: If x = a sec θ cos ϕ, y = b sec θ sin ϕ and z = c tan θ, show
C
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
that 2 + 2 − = 1.
©
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐2
ANSWER:
Given:
𝑥 = 𝑎 sec θ cos ϕ
𝑥
⇒ = sec θ cos ϕ …. (1)
𝑎
𝑦 = 𝑏 sec θ sin ϕ
𝑦
⇒ = sec θ sin ϕ …. (2)
𝑏
𝑧
⇒ = tan 𝜃 …. (3)
𝑐
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
We have to prove that + − = 1.
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
Squaring the above equations and then subtracting the third from the sum
of the first two, we have
𝑥 2 y 2 𝑧 2
( ) + ( ) − ( ) = (sec θ cos ϕ)2 + (sec θ sin ϕ)2 − (tan 𝜃 )2
𝑎 b 𝑐
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
⇒ 2 + 2 − = sec 2 𝜃 cos2 𝜙 + sec 2 θ sin2 ϕ − tan2 𝜃
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐2
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
T IO S
⇒ 2 + 2 − = (sec 2 𝜃 cos2 𝜙 + sec 2 θ sin2 ϕ) − tan2 𝜃
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐2
I
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
⇒ +NO A D − = sec 2 𝜃 (cos2 𝜙 + sin2 ϕ) − tan2 𝜃
CO N
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
A
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
⇒ + − = sec 2 𝜃 (1) − tan2 𝜃
PY
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
DO U A
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
T
⇒ 2 + 2 − = sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃
ED PR
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐2
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
⇒ 2 + 2 − =1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐2
C
©
Hence proved.
Page No 11.47:
Question 86: If sinθ + 2cosθ = 1 prove that 2sinθ − cosθ = 2.
ANSWER:
It is given that,
sinθ+2cosθ=1⇒2cosθ=1−sinθ ...... (i)
Squaring both sides, we get
⇒ (2cosθ)2 = (1 − sinθ)2
⇒ 4cos2 θ = 1 + sin2 θ − 2sinθ
⇒ 4cos2 θ = 1 + sin2 θ − 2sinθ − 1 + 1
⇒ 4cos2 θ = 2 − 2sinθ − (1 − sin2 θ)
⇒ 4cos2 θ = 2 − 2sinθ − cos2 θ
⇒ 5cos2 θ = 2(1 − sinθ)
⇒ 5cos2 θ = 4cosθ [Using (i)]
T IO S
⇒ cosθ(5cosθ − 4) = 0
I
4
⇒ cosθ = 0, cosθ =
NO A D 5
CO N
A
4
Putting cosθ = in sinθ + 2cosθ = 1, we get
5
PY
DO U A
4 3
⇒ sinθ = 1 − 2cosθ = 1 − 2 ( ) = −
T 5 5
ED PR
This is not possible.

Putting cosθ = 0 in sinθ + 2cosθ = 1, we get sinθ = 1
C
©
Thus, the value of 2sinθ − cosθ = 2(1) − 0 = 2.

Exercise 11.1

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Exercise 11.1

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CHAPTER – 11

tan2θ cos2θ = (tan 𝜃 × cos 𝜃 )2

cosec θ√1 − cos2 θ = 1

We know that, sin2 𝜃 − cos2 𝜃 = 1

= sin2 A + (cos2 A)2

We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1

1−cos θ (1−cos θ)(1−cos θ)

We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1

We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1

We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1.

Multiplying both numerator and denominator by (1 − sin θ), we have

= (sec θ + tan θ)2

tan2θ − sin2θ = tan2θ sin2θ

(cosec θ + sin θ) (cosec θ − sin θ) = cot2 θ + cos2θ

We have to prove (sec θ + cos θ)(sec θ − cos θ) = tan2θ + sin2θ

secA (1 − sinA) (secA + tanA) = 1

= (secA − tanA)(secA + tanA)

(cosecA − sinA)(secA − cosA)(tanA + cotA) = 1

Question 21: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

(1 + tan2θ) (1 – sin θ) (1 + sin θ) = 1

We know that, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

We know that, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

We know that, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

We know that, sin2 A + cos2 A = 1

We know that, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

1+sin θ cos θ(1−sinθ)

(1+sinθ)2 +(1− sinθ)2 1+sin2 θ

We know that, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

Question 28: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

Consider the expression

Question 29: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

We know that, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

Multiplying the numerator and denominator by (1 − cosθ), we have

sec6θ = tan6θ + 3 tan2θ sec2θ + 1

We need to prove sec6θ = tan6θ + 3 tan2θ sec2θ + 1

Solving the L.H.S, we get

= (1 + cot 2 𝜃 )3 (1 + cot 2 𝜃 = cosec 6 𝜃 )

(1 + cot 2 𝜃 )3 = 1 + cot 6 𝜃 + 3(1)2 (cot 2 𝜃 ) + 3(1)(cot 2 𝜃 )2

Solving the L.H.S, we get

Using the property cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1, we get

Further using the identity, 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏), we get

Question 35: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

Here, we will first solve the LHS.

Further, multiplying both numerator and denominator by 1 + sin 𝐴, we

Now, using the property cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1, we get

Now, multiplying the numerator and denominator of LHS by 1 − cos A,

Here, rationalizing the L.H.S, we get

Further using the property, sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get

Further using the property, sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get

sec θ−1 sec θ+1

sec θ−1 sec θ+1 sec θ−1 sec θ+1

√sec θ−1√sec θ−1+√sec θ+1√sec θ+1

√sec θ+1√sec θ−1

√1+sin θ√1+sin θ+√1−sin θ√1−sin θ

1+cos θ 1−cos θ 1+cos θ 1−cos θ

√1+cos θ√1+cos θ+√1−cos θ√1−cos θ

Multiplying both the numerator and the denominator by sinθ +

(sin2 θ+cos2 θ)+2 sin θ−2 sin θ cos θ+1−2 cos θ

Question 39: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

Here, we will first solve the L.H.S.

Further using the property sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get

Question 40: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

Now, rationalizing the L.H.S, we get

= (cot 𝐴 − cosec 𝐴)2