F oe @ ere WES = —5 Prequeye - Modulndots G9 nA Pee modulates ifa Cisuuk thot Vasieg, qe mo culotos AIRY Prequeng ” 2. Atcorilanw. with the Tmedyinting signal “the cayriey 28 jrreatew be eithas, om LC® 9 apstad WStillate Gacwice amd 4 wuny rugs be feud ts @ the fie of ostilahor. rman TC Oscillaty the camiey Fregueny is AXed. by the Values oF the Imductance. and . : ——— 2 Byraciiance, ma tuned Gawit 1g sb timed tig. ; rom he, CHI FoeQey con dhedfoves be | edb Varying ei) inductan t , Cuaiipeal by baying. eiliad) Inductance: Capacitance. x When the armey i 7 omeratect 4 a Coystad — oscillator, ine Freguency 19 fixed by tre C o, “ a te Capea * alnecting on extemal hii ay fio oD bees Comal Capacitor tp the Copia miner Vavaton? in operating Feasn te be obtaumesd ery ps Vaain the Objective IF te Ainol a ceut cornponené Uihete Capacitame cuit) change sn wesponse te the ynedullateng Signal, 2 the BMporoné nose Foepntty ded t07 thee pUrpoee 4 a ‘varncese.” GP voltoge vaDable toprarep |BS BB | Q wuriable. capscimnea disdaa vaskap. 4s | ‘olovicn 29 basin a femnicondurtss, jumatinn } lode operated Im a ‘revere biag mode, » Vavactox operation af jumelien disde 18 created whan Pand V type, Sermitanducis29 ave fowrned pry, tho. clithsy pore, serne @ clectkrond in ue pe nab 9h dvitt over Inte the P-type mabtial and. Mevevalire tre holes tras [fea 53 6143). forneing a tin area colbd tho 0 tere ave ye fren _ vee 67”, Whsro, casgierp holes electors. ) Figuie 61 Depletion vegion 12 4 Junctien disde . sumetion U Ne woe? i @e! 18 @ ® 1 8a 86 | Foee 1 () FrvmoAd bing 4 Silene, = G (co) Repeate. bias.| + this Tem S) @) . | eppon aces af q thim insulatoy snot powents | Earent feem flowing theough the dauice © 9 a forword bias iS applied tx the dlisda,. 1 wild | wendvck the ertemal potential, forces the holes and electrons tunrd the Jundivon, where thoy | Combine and cause a Covitinaay uadeng ride the disde a3 wall ag exte the depletion Layes, simply dBappeasts [seo fig _6-1Cb3)- | ‘74 am extemal Seva bios 18 applied to the disde mn HE 6-1(c) no arent Wild Hout, the biag rete he iin afte daplaton age, mh TM omneumt oF create dependina 07 tho, crmouunts of fhe BeveMe biaB, tha Tiphes, she. sestyy - GoX, the Wickes . the ole picky layeh ama the Lapp Chemo for cubiene fleup + vt Tew, —piaged gumchon disda actoa3a rmalp, rae plates fy tne copacites., amd tro, doplali,DG Schon acts og tho dieloceric . ‘with ab) the achye, Utent C0900 (ele cevon§ andi halos) veutooliscd onthe doplebion regione Ie fumchiers jugs 08 an Lnywlot matarial- 2 che width oF the do pletion dateoriunay the. widen ofp a copctto rca re aE ee + oF tro VeueLe bing ig hin, tha cpitiv be uside and tho dieboctyic quill veqien wile cise the_plates ob the Copactoar te be TARY. Spaced , pobdvccng a Dous- copacitame + Decveasin the amu oF veverg, btag nadetup - dopbotian. regen: th OS heap, are are ede ote, gt Povdvcing” a highod eapactinn a ~~ Figure 0'3 Copacitomce veous VeveAge & funcdion Vor fe a ppicel Vara cesp Cre to Wa, Ce Junction Copacitomeo, Ve = Row € vies Ve lob fy 1 1 11. 19 9 30 40 SD 60. Rte, —_——_— Ruee bial(y)ry, YAM C29 ol yaaa, with a tide, rope, 1 & Copacitsnde values , most unite having a yumisrel Copacitamc, im the |- to 300 PF M2, TT * The Copacitomce., vanaten a mange com be high ag fa: fiodos ee apm vn disdas.copaiitone. FIASYA ngyh ibe - FO ee e6 ufg- teva e aleewe pe Values of LI amd_DI Wil the copatitane of DL 48 Cane rigure 64 a commen lillotr for a Looms mitey, snows the basig nape pp a vavacter Preqponey sno dulot0r. the. copacituna of varnctor clipe Dj.amd H _ yong the pavullal — tuned civeuié. oF tre oscillates, Leahe value of Ci 43 -ynode very Large oF ihe operating. Fvequemcy So thot its veactance 4 jac deus, ASa vege ,.cl connects the fumed. sian Osler Also ci blocks the de bias 6n He bate of BI _, room being shoxted te guownd thopugh LI. cox te Comear CATE Foegpuncy, volled i twee nes, trreugh a fixed dc bias and by the me fete] biol ne 4 64 te bias ond) # et by te by vex voltage ividaY potembomotes Ry. Va ig Rip obou, YO the conte cassis, Frenuaney te be aajusicd me Ve a NOU cumpe,, : sho -Mnodubadu sill ig applied thosugh) os a x a oan] antol “the wal Foeypony choye (ere) with Cs 13 a. ip capacits) thob Koops the dc varices biad bub of the -rpdulectone signad crustyf X_2OTE LY REC Dewctoweo hixh &) a (Bethe venctane, we me Rec A high ab He at the Oi, Sd] Ce . fang oer: te prevent tnd. Carmen Sig eisdl Ce oat pudis ede ae CEE ee back inte ne |< Me ynnduboting Signal dodived frem in trp 3 amplidied. and ‘applied. we the modubo DB? LAS the modulating signal varies, tt adel ta end swotracts From the fixed bias. valage, qs the the effective uortag 2 applred. te-D1 Causes it3 cepacitame te Vasy , ghig in tan,” vn, Poedac pre Wed doviation of the carve Peony « Be A positive going signal: at Point A add 1B the vevyerye bing. decvoasing he citamea, ama -uncoeasing eo tne OILY Fooyrney « A nppotive GAG) signal of at A subtyacds Fo? pre bias, Am covasirg the copacitoirces andl derrensing the coset Papert DRAW BACK . Vina rnoin popblem wrth the cee 64 3, fhe Peep oF Lc oscillators Ul Vary beiaite of temperate. é aviator in cvuik ol e amd ohap Fact. such Imstebbilites commot be tolarateal, am ne yedean electapnic worn numnizolim Sms, PB 0. eS ulty Coysial ostiliate®s oe vio onally, ved . Sonn oe Oey | Freguunt. “te prouide, Stablitty—_ PeeAer mh plied 7 WDA Pveguon ye moodubiting a Copied Cab Tay — y “eaypial wea to eat ets pusivle te voty the roguoniy Offs lyptal Oilatoy inf} the Voluo of copaatnce. D) amserin GD in pasallal With te Cypinl 5 one Eaten =| beats A VSLe inhon a small Value of capacitance 13 connrectaol jin 505:03 with the Copia, the Coyote), Froy"e com be "pullrd” # slighty From its natural ~ Yeonant Fon By. rnaring- tho L203, copacitima & vavacte, disda, Fe noaulatin of ihe Cpkeal asc ator cam be achieved - Lanes modubating Stra £3 applieol te De varacte disda DI, urhich, changes the ofillatee FeO: 6 EB drgupbes to noke tak ony cy Vey sTagtL Freqpondf dpuiationy 13 pogible vse EFYEMGE snecubabad Crystal oscillators , the tool deviation com be amncreased * ty using fF | ymutiplioy, cixewits -oftes the Codey oscil 1p Ponape, Civwit? Ime Uhose may Sa serra Tigh vows fe———_ii | 2a LA Fraypanig auliples Hrak mu ploy a Areginey of a 48 colled a chubler” a F¥CQuOMAL. muleph ey (ere phot raphael am Imp an 35 3 coblod a ‘triply? and s- ony vrodle nu Hiplies cam ally be —- 2F FIG: &S Frequency. medubation ef a ome vstilatey, with Ya Me eves Garnctot re cayfol a eH (Ob > 156 MHZ el) x3 XQ hg Kwa douitiin, oe XS X98 = Qe oo faite ous WERE o J é SID AY 15% pp of inet yy, “|whon the AN Synal applied te a wae @ muliplio , both he cariey Foequeney ans and, the amount of doviclisn aye imlseated. «Typically, Poegponey, snubtgpllels. cam Lpneweate. tha, camer osiiblates Prcayrey bp Bi. te 32 BIOs © FIG 66 shows hous Arepioney., mobiles jmareat cassiey Frequumiy. amd, doviaten . >the. desired output oeguamd at the £m eonvninen, im the Agia, 13 dsémine_, and the desired, ynoxim™ Fx Cloyialion aS SKHE, en «mor costioy B gemnsilid Kya SS mie comnl oscillate, Which B - vd faogony ynuttipliey Chocwits thot Unesense tre Pyequsaey by a facto’, of ay (B-SMHS x aly = ISSMH2), + Foequeny, medubotion Of te caysial ascites nine Yarncts’ posdvess a TaN jatien of B00HS ». whom, multiplied by a facto’ op ay a they F¥e cy ynubielies, aiviits, tris douiatton, B Incyense ite aod xau= Lenore @ wekte. cuhich B choke to dno ooLived doviabonG@ ww oh Lmmsistos te achieve ov apelin Faogpurney, farand 68 im a muliviboates @ Hip Fl6P 2d age pooduce, Fsh, } omd Da, cue commplennondb , outperts ae, luilable dom the omit, follouoky 2 and BM. voltage — contoelled. oscillated — 2 pscllatoas wshore Foequaoncies ave cont volled. yon extional input Voltage ave onwsally wropessod tia 2 Y [ _ contvoljed OsCillat§, CO's) wultefe a iB yoltoge constodlledy yscllatets ave Germoy repatod. ty of VxOs. pn example oF Ju gris crwik VES Si th a Veo 2B Shown im FIG 6-F. neon -g errnaniu (site) bip!o%, ante - “candtved 00d. Loft. ‘ane asciblater, ube cro couplet toonLStors, pe of Aig ; ithe signal 13 a sire Wave uihoge Feeqpuney 2 Lox. by se collect. — indoles and Va'vnctat Lopaeions ang moduboting voltage , ugualls a bine “shpral ? 3B applied tothe, umclon Wen sonthid coved, the inductors ata, actually spirals of abywimivml 6 capers) smside they | ith Inducene im tre S00 Foo PH VUNZE ,The _ C@ HTL WOLCESY aye, veverse biased dlieds9 thot funchen a8 yayiable Variable Capacitors. ane fuming wange 1g For tg foom 9-953 te 1066 G2 Fy. 6-7 A IOGH® S\Ge intensntid VCO. vewninl & — yO10) re 6y. eid felbouep as hpOD +V i pica Lovee, =S lA Crus version OF the VY co 8 shown a k4 69. hi omit alte Uses a COM coupled Le Wwenans ceult design and Opeates tn the a - 950% : rage. Variation’ of FH ato. used ia 6lust9oo tromsceivers ond ipivelas LAN applications ; Vea Acmes Mlae[_ o f&a * . Veo owt FSpFiguse, 69 Fyequenc, rnedulattion with am le Veo (@) Blouse ai with an ICVCO. () Bosie Foenumyy srmndubatel usinp ta VES VCD. BtO_o we Fig b-afa) iS a bake pray, OF, bre. edly Hcl zc co, the. popula NWES66. a extinnl yepitne RI Ob pins GAZ the ae Pet custont posdocd by the inetnk cuseme S0Ueeg | J The quevont LUTE brunet extemal capacitoy cla Pin? 2 fm extemal volmge Ve % applied at pen S B ‘ged. | te Vary pre Mnbume rob off wsseint paodvend. by fra canton e007, © the. ‘scrmnite FORO catuit” 16a Luh datects, pode combo! yro cussame er beousom charging amd nd dnomig ge wen He wnat cones @ paichaages toa Wefic Duvel. . + Olimar sowtesth 7 los yo! a sents = & at pimy : | men punrmite vaggey OUEPLE ng a” Pawns WPM me sonrmite POG avartable a pind Ia fine ULoye. oudput , 1g dasioeol, she toapqoled, wos ig upuolly i it oi i Ma nena tp. ne capized CORY FSD—_—. . ) A complete Fvenuon ynodubotor Cixcit a NEsbb 33 Shown ie #9 690k). LM2 custome foyste9 ate biaged with a voltage | dividey ynade up of R&A and Re rhe mapdudiibng siamo, 43 applied thobuah Ca fe the vortage divide ae pins 0 v * the. ovo)Me Capacite® betuon pinssand 64 Useol te powent Urusortad, ascebbationg athe comedy CAS, FOeGLuy of tha Creuit 1 Sok by He vobues of RI and CI. + AIiey Foequenuel Upiy sMHE nay be Ufeal with tus DO ——+$_— +9 highs, frequomued and dovictinp a2, tro outputs COM be filttod @ uped te doe ornoy chauut!. such ada frenparnuy rviiplieh, - The neoluLotiny Signal con Many He ALLY, Prequoney ever noodly. a JO!) “wages OG very large _cawiatiany passible,. ThL ola) azo lp lingow with Seipece te the dmput aronplitivcl. Fy the enbee rye