Medical terminology

Lec.333
4&5
&4 Dr. Ammar Hadi Alarajy
6)! e*:l .:.p"1
Dental terms
Tooth surfaces:

Buccal : towardsthe check

Lingual : towardthe tongue

Labial : towardsthe lips

Palatal: towaxdsthe palate

Mesial= towardsthemidline

Distal= awayftom the midline

Occlusal= thedirectiontowardsthebiting surfaceofposteriorteeth

Incisal= thedircctiontowardsthebiting edgeofanteriorteeth

that affectinstheoral cavitv:

Commonconditions
= inflanfrationofthemouth
Stomatitis
Gingivitis= inflamrnation
ofthe gingiva(gum)
Denlalcaries= toothd€cay= cavitiesin theteethcaused
by bacteria
= toothache
Odontalgia = painin thetooth

Bruxism= involuntary
grindingofthe teeththatusuallyocculsduring
sleep

\q!q veryi1rrpoflantjoint joint

in theskullcalledtemporomandibular
(TMJ):it is thejoint connecting
thelowerjaw(mandible)
to thesloll.
Dentaltenrrs:

Adhesivedentisfiy Dentalrcstorationthatinvolvebondingof
compositeresinor porcelainfilling to naturaltooth
Air abrasion Removaloftooth struclureby blastinga toothwith
air andabnsive
Allergy bodyresponse
Unfavorable to a foreignsubstance
or drug
Arnalgaur Most cornmonfilling material,composed
mainly
from mercuryandsilver
Anterior teeth Sixupperor six lowerfront teeth
Antibiotic A drugthatstopor slow the growthofbacteda
Arch Describes
thealignment
ofupperor lowerteeth
Attrition Lossofstructuredueto natulalwear
Base A cementmaterialplacedunderclentalrestoration
to insulatethepulp
Bifurcation of two (thrce)roolsin posterior
Junction teeth
(trifurcation)
Biteregistration is takinganimpression ofa patient's
upperand
lowerteethin thebitepositionto assistin the
rnaking prosrhes
andfittingof dental is
Bonelesorption Declease
in bore supponing
thcfeeth
Braces Devicesusedby orthodontistto graduaily
repositionteethto a morefavorablealignnent
Blidge Fixeddentalprosthesis
Cankersore Mouthsorethat appealwhitish,with red haio
Cantileverbridge Oneendattachedfixed bridge
Castor model Reproduction of stucturesmadeby pouringplaster
or stoneinto a mold
Cavitron Dentaltool that useshigh-frequency
ultrasolic
wavesto clear teeth
Cellulitis Acutesofttissueinfectioncausingextensivehard
swelling
Clasp Device that retain rcmijvablepafiial dentureto a
stationarytooth
Compositeresin Matedalconposedofplasticandglassor ceramrc
filler andis usuallycuredwith light chemical
catalyst
Cosmetic(aesthetic)Treatmentpefon'n€d to elhance tooth appeamnce
dentisfiy
Crossbite Reversebiting relationship
ofuppel andlower
teethalsocalledclassIII malocclusiou
Curettage tissue
Removalof diseased
Cuspid Canine
Dentalinplant placedwithinthe
A titaniumcylindersurgically
jaw boneto providesupportfor a dentalrestoration
or appliance
Epidemiology Thestudyofthe incidence
ofdisease
rn a
population
Eruption ofteethprotruding
Theprocess throughthegurrr
Exfoliation Theplocessofsheddingdeciduous(baby)teeth
Exodontia Toothrernoval
(extraction)
Explorer(probe) A sharpinstrunentusedto detecttoothdaaayon
thesurfac€of a tooth
Facing Toothcoloredoverlayon a visibleportionoI'a
crownthat is usuallynade fiom acrylic,composite
or porcelain
Fistula is an abnonnalconlectionbetweentwo hollow
spaces(tecbnically,
two epitheliallinedspaces),
suchasthe abnonnalconnectionbetweenoml
cavityandnasalsinus(oroantralhstula)
Fissuresealants 'fhi[ resinmatedalusedto sealpits andlissures
Flapsurgery The liftirg of gumlissueto exposeard cleau
underlyingtooth andbone structures
Freewayspace The distancebetweentheupperandlowerteetlr
with the lowerteethin restingposition
Forceps An instrumentusedfor tooth removal
Forensicdentistq/ The placticegathednglegalevidencefor body
identificationor judicial issues
Fossa The valleyfoundon the surfaceofposteriorteeth
FIenum The urusculartissuethat attaches
theupperor
lower lips theguln
Frenectomy The removalor reshapingofthe fi'enum
GTR Guidedtissueregeneration-
a newtechniquefor
replacingbonetissue
General
anesthesia Medicallycontrolledstateof unconsciousness
and
inabilityto t'eelpainduringsurgicalprocedure
Gumrecession The exposuleof dentalrootsdueto shrinkageof
the guln asa resultofabrasion,periodontaldisease
or surgery
HaUtosis Bad breathof oral or gastrointestinal
ongin
Hematoma The swellingofeffusedbloodbeneathtissue
surface
Hygienist A dentalauxiliarywho cleansteeth,provides
patientseducation,
administemlocalal1csthesia
and
nitrousoxideandperformsperiodonlalscaling
Hyperemia Incleasebloodflow lhat may causeincreasedental
to tcirpcraTurean(ll\\ eets
'ensitivity
Impression Negativereplicafor the teethandsuuoundingsoft
tissue
Incisionand A surgicalincisionto the toothabscess
to drain
drainage suppuration (pus)
Inferiordentalblock Anesthesia ofthe inferioralveolarnervctrunkthat
injection c ov era lr r g ea r e ,or l' t h en r r r r L lib u la r ja r , r
Infiltration A localanesthesia procedureeffective1brthe
naxillary softtissueandteeth,or placementofthe
anesthesiaunderthegumallowingit to seepinto
bone
Inlay An indirect filling nade by the dental labomtory
that is cenentedor bondedinto the preparedtooth
Interproximal The surfacesofadjoidng teeth
Intelocclusal Thespacebetweenupperandlowerteeth
lnhaoral ca[era A smalldigitalcamerausedto view andmagnify
oral condition
Jacket Thecrownfor a fronttooth,usuallymadeof
porcelain
Laminate A thin plasticor porcelainveneerproducedin a
dentallabomtoryandthenbondedto a tooth
Laughinggas Nitrousoxide:an odorlessinhalationgasthatused
to producerelativeanalgesic
(dentalsedation)and
reducesanxietyandcreates a stateofrelaxation
Lesion A regionin an organor tissuewhich hassuffercd
damagethroughinjury or disease,suchasa wound,
ulcer,abscess,or tumour
Local anesthesia A drugwhich is appliedto the partofthe bodyto
producepaftialor conpleteelilrinationofpailr
sensation
Malocclusion A badbit or rnisalignment
ofthe upperandlowcr
teeth
Mandible The lowerjaw
Marylandbridge A bddgethat is bondedto the backofthe adjaccnt
teethard rcquircsruinilnun toothreduction
Mastication Theprocessof chewingfood
Maxilla The upperJaw
Meniscus Thecapsularcushionbetweelrtemporonandibular
joint andglenoidfossa
Mucogingival Themeetingofthick protectivegingivaltissue
JUnChOn aroundthe teethandthe ftiable urucouslining of
the checkand lip
Night guard usedto preventteethwear
An acrylicappliance
andtemporomandibulal joint damagedueto
e\ccsriveleelhgtindingduring.leeping
Osseous Boney
Overbite A vefticaloverlapofthe front teeth
Overjet A horizontaloverlapofthe anteriorteeth
Palliativefeahnent Thenon-invasiverelief of irritatineconditions
Paresihesia A partiallossofsensationthat is temporaryor
permanent
Partialdenture A removabledentalprosihesis
thatreplaceoneor
morenaturalteeth
Pit A srrall defectin thetoothenanelor thejoint of
four formativelobesofdevelopingtooth
Placebo Inertmedication
or teatmertthatproduce
psychological
benefit
Pontic A replacement
toothrnounton removableor fixed
appliance
Post A metalor plasticrod thatis insefiedinto the root
ofa toothafterrcot canaltteatnent.A post
providesreteltion tbr a 'coping' wlich replaces
lost toothstructureandretainscrowrL
Postanclcor(] is a typeof dentalrestomtionrequiredwherethere
is an inadequate anountof soLlndtoothtissue
rernailringto retaina conventional
crown
Prognosls The anticipatedoutcorneofa beatnent
Prophylaxis Cleaningprocedureofthe teethto prevent
periodontaldiseases
andtoothdecays
Prosthesis An atificial appliancefor the replacenrent
of a part
ofthe body
Pulpectomy Completeremovalofthe pulp (cornnonlydonein
children'steeth)
Pulpitis Inflammation of the pulp, which is comnonly
causetoothache
Pulpotorny Parlialremovalofpulp tissue
Reline Is theplacementofan entirelynew fitting acrylic
material on the inner surfaceof a dentue to
compensate for a boneloss
Retainedroot The partial rcot structut'eremainingin the jaw after
tooth extnctlon
Rootresection The removalofa portionof diseased root st1'uctul€,
and leavingthe healthyandunaffectedportionof
the root
Rubberdan.r A soft latexsheetusedto isolateoneor mole teeth
fi'omcontamination with saliva

saliva fluid in themouthcontaining

a clearlubricating
water,enzymes, bacteria, mucous,viruses,
blood
cells,andundigestcd foodparticles
Salivaejector A suctiontubeplacedin themouthto renove
saliva
Salivaryglands The glandslocatedunderth€tongueandin the
cheek,thatproducesaliva
Secondary
dentine Thc dentinewhichis fonled aftertootheruption
Sinusitis Inflamnationofthe maxillarysinuseswhich
causespainnimic dentalpain
Spaoemaintainer A dentaldevicethatholdsthe spaceproducedby
toothextractionto prevelt lossof this spaceduritg
pernanentteetheruptrol

Splint Thc coruection of two 01'more teeth so that they

function as a strcnger single structure

Supemunerary Ar extratooth
tooth
Suppuration Is theprocessofpus fonnation
Tartar A commonnamefor dentalcalculus
Teeth bleaching Whitening ofthe naturalteeth
Tooth bud Theearlyembryonicstuuctuxe
tlat becomea tooth
Topicalanesthesia Ar ointrn€ntor splaya:resthesia
tlat appliedonthe
surfaceof oralmucosa to numbthisresion
Torus Bonyprotuberance
on themaxillarypalateor
lower
Veneer A plasticor porcelainfacingbondeddirectlyto the
facialsurfaceofa toothto improveits appearance
wisdomteeth Thetlird (last)molarsthatusuallyeruptbetween
l8-25yearsold
 Dentalterms
Toothsurfaces:
Buccal= towardsthecheck
Lingual= towardthetongue
Labial= towardsihe lips
Palatal= towardsthe palate
Mesial= towardsthemidline
Distal= awayfromthe midline
t{N
Occlusal= thedirection
towards
the bitingsurfaceof posterior
teeth
lncisal= the direction
towardsthe
bitingedgeof anteriorteeth

Gommonconditionsthat affectingthe oral cavity

of the mouth
inflammation of the gingiva
inflammation
(gum)

toothdecay= cavitiesin
the teethcausedby bacteria

{)
 involuntarygrindingof theteeth
that usuallyoccursduringsleep

called
veryimportanljointin the skull lut
is thejointconnecting
the lowerjaw
(mandible) 10the skull.

. : Dentalrestoration . Removalof tooth

thatinvolvebondingof composite structureby blastinga tooth with air
resinor porcelainfillingto natural and abrasive
tooth

Unfavorablebody responseto , i -i Most commonfilling material,

a foreignsubstanceor drug composedmainlyfrom mercuryand
 Six upperor six lower ' ; : i. r , : ' A d r u gt h a ts t o p o r s lo w th e
front teeth growth of bacteria

; Describesthe alignmentof upper Lossof structuredue to natural

or lower teeth

'Xiiir''\' iiir
(;jl
l) rq
itilli ii
ili
,,il.,,,..,,,,d,

Base:A cementmaterialplacedunder Bifurcation(trifurcation):

Junctionof
dentalrestoration10 insulatethe pulp two (three)roots in posterior teeth

copallle

Bite: is takingan impressionof a Boneresorption:Decreasein bone

patient's upper and lower teeth in the supporling the teeth
bite positionto assistin the makingand
fitting of dentalprosthesis
Braces:Devicesusedby orthodontist Bridge:Fixeddentalprosthesis
to graduallyrepositionteethto a more
favorablealignment

€'JJ

Cankersore:Mouthsorethatappear Cantileverbridge: One end attached

whitish,with redhalo fixed bridge

Castor model:Reproductionof Cavitron:Dentaltoolthatuseshigh-

structuresmadeby pouring
plaster
or frequencyultrasonic
wavesto clean
stoneintoa mold teeth

'*rr.;

cellulitis:Acutesoft tissueinfection Clasp : Devicethat retain removable

causingextensivehardswelling partial denture to a stationary tooth

\a
Crossbite:Reversebiting relationship Cosmetic(aesthetic)dentistry:
of upperand lowerteethalso called Treatmentperformedto enhancetooth
class lll malocclusion appearance

Curettage: Removalof diseasedtissue

Cu s p id; Ca n in e

Dentalcomposite: Materialcomposed Dentalimplant:a titaniumcylinder

of plasticand glassor ceramicfiller surgicallyplacedwithinthejaw boneto
and is usuallycuredwith light chemical providesupportfor a dentalrestoration
catalvst
or appliance.

Epidemiology:Thestudy of the Eruption:The processof teeth

incidenceof diseasein a population protrudingthroughthe gum

Exfoliation: The processof shedding Exodontia (extraction):tooth removal

deciduous(baby)teeth

Explorer(probe):A sharp instrument Facing:Toothcoloredoverlayon a

used to detect tooth decay on the visiblepodion of a crownthat is usually
surface of a tooth madefrom acrylic,compositeor
porcelain

l?_
 Fistula:is an abnormalconnection Flapsurgery:Theliftingof gumtissue
betweentwo hollow spac€s to exposeandcleanunderlying tooth
(technically,two epitheliallined andbonestructures
spaces),such as the abnormal
connection betweenoral cavity and
nasalsinus (oroantralfistula)

Freewayspace: The distance between

the upper and lower teeth wilh the lower
Fissuresealant:Thinresinmaterial
teeth in resting position
usedto seal pits and fissures
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Forceps:An instrument
usedfor tooth Fofensicdentistry:Thepractice
removal gatheringlegalevidence for body
or judicialissues
identification

Frenum;The musculartissuethat
attachesthe upperor lowerlips the gum

Fossa:The valleyfound on the surface

of posterior teeth

8.'
r
i.:

Frenectomy:The removalor reshaping

of the frenum

1+
GTR:Guidedtissueregeneration-a new Gum recegsion:The exposure of dental
for replacingbonetissue
technique rootsdue to shrinkageof the gum as a
result of abrasion, periodontal disease
or surgery

Generalanesthesia: Medically controlledHygienist: A dentalauxiliarywho

stateof unconsciousness and inabilityto cleansteeth,providespatients
feel painduring6urgicalprocedure education,administers local
anesthesiaand nitrousoxideand
Halitosib:Badbreathof oral or performsperiodontalscaling
gastrointestinal
origin
Hyperimia:Increase bloodflowthatmay
Hematoma:Theswellingof effused cauaeincreasedentalsensitivityto
blood benoathtissue surface temperatureand sweets