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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level
* 3 3 2 1 7 6 0 6 7 1 *
PHYSICS 9702/42
Paper 4 A2 Structured Questions May/June 2013
2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
For Examiner’s Use
Answer all questions.
1
Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use 2
appropriate units.
3
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part 4
question.
5
10
11
12
Total
This document consists of 22 printed pages and 2 blank pages.
DC (NF/CGW) 58189/4
© UCLES 2013 [Turn over
4
Section A For
Examiner’s
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. Use
1 (a) Explain what is meant by a geostationary orbit.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) A satellite of mass m is in a circular orbit about a planet.

The mass M of the planet may be considered to be concentrated at its centre.
Show that the radius R of the orbit of the satellite is given by the expression
R3 =
冢 GMT 2
4π2 冣
where T is the period of the orbit of the satellite and G is the gravitational constant.
Explain your working.
[4]
(c) The Earth has mass 6.0 × 1024 kg. Use the expression given in (b) to determine the
radius of the geostationary orbit about the Earth.
radius = ............................................. m [3]
© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13
5
2 (a) The volume of an ideal gas in a cylinder is 1.80 × 10–3 m3 at a pressure of 2.60 × 105 Pa For
and a temperature of 297 K, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1. Examiner’s
Use
ideal gas
1.80 × 10–3 m3
2.60 × 105 Pa
297 K
Fig. 2.1
The thermal energy required to raise the temperature by 1.00 K of 1.00 mol of the gas at
constant volume is 12.5 J.
The gas is heated at constant volume such that the internal energy of the gas increases
by 95.0 J.
(i) Calculate
1. the amount of gas, in mol, in the cylinder,
amount = ........................................... mol [2]
2. the rise in temperature of the gas.
temperature rise = .............................................. K [2]
© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13 [Turn over

6
(ii) Use your answer in (i) part 2 to show that the final pressure of the gas in the For
cylinder is 2.95 × 105 Pa. Examiner’s
Use
[1]
(b) The gas is now allowed to expand. No thermal energy enters or leaves the gas.
The gas does 120 J of work when expanding against the external pressure.
State and explain whether the final temperature of the gas is above or below 297 K.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13
7
3 A mass of 78 g is suspended from a fixed point by means of a spring, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1. For
Examiner’s
Use
spring
mass
78 g
Fig. 3.1
The stationary mass is pulled vertically downwards through a distance of 2.1 cm and then
released.
The mass is observed to perform simple harmonic motion with a period of 0.69 s.
(a) The mass is released at time t = 0.
For the oscillations of the mass,
(i) calculate the angular frequency ω,
ω = ...................................... rad s–1 [2]
(ii) determine numerical equations for the variation with time t of
1. the displacement x in cm,
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]
2. the speed v in m s–1.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]

8
(b) Calculate the total energy of oscillation of the mass. For

Examiner’s
Use
energy = ............................................... J [2]
© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13
9
4 (a) An insulated metal sphere of radius R is situated in a vacuum. The charge q on the For
sphere may be considered to be a point charge at the centre of the sphere. Examiner’s
Use
(i) State a formula, in terms of R and q, for the potential V on the surface of the sphere.
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Define capacitance and hence show that the capacitance C of the sphere is given
by the expression
C = 4πε0R.
[1]
(b) An isolated metal sphere has radius 45 cm.
(i) Use the expression in (a)(ii) to calculate the capacitance, in picofarad, of the sphere.
capacitance = ............................................ pF [2]
(ii) The sphere is charged to a potential of 9.0 × 105 V.

A spark occurs, partially discharging the sphere so that its potential is reduced to
3.6 × 105 V.
Determine the energy of the spark.
energy = ............................................... J [3]

10
5 (a) Define the tesla. For

Examiner’s
.......................................................................................................................................... Use
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Two long straight vertical wires X and Y are separated by a distance of 4.5 cm, as
illustrated in Fig. 5.1.
4.5 cm
wire X wire Y
Q R
P S
6.3 A
Fig. 5.1
The wires pass through a horizontal card PQRS.

The current in wire X is 6.3 A in the upward direction. Initially, there is no current in wire Y.
(i) On Fig. 5.1, sketch, in the plane PQRS, the magnetic flux pattern due to the current
in wire X. Show at least four flux lines. [3]
© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13
11
(ii) The magnetic flux density B at a distance x from a long straight current-carrying For
wire is given by the expression Examiner’s
Use
μ 0I
B =
2πx
where I is the current in the wire and μ0 is the permeability of free space.
Calculate the magnetic flux density at wire Y due to the current in wire X.
flux density = .............................................. T [2]
(iii) A current of 9.3 A is now switched on in wire Y. Use your answer in (ii) to calculate
the force per unit length on wire Y.
force per unit length = ....................................... N m–1 [2]
(c) The currents in the two wires in (b)(iii) are not equal.
Explain whether the force per unit length on the two wires will be the same, or different.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]

12
6 (a) State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. For

Examiner’s
.......................................................................................................................................... Use
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The output of an ideal transformer is connected to a bridge rectifier, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
240 V r.m.s.
load
resistor
Fig. 6.1
The input to the transformer is 240 V r.m.s. and the maximum potential difference across
the load resistor is 9.0 V.
(i) On Fig. 6.1, mark with the letter P the positive output from the rectifier. [1]
(ii) Calculate the ratio
number of turns on primary coil

.
number of turns on secondary coil
ratio = .................................................. [3]
© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13
13
(c) The variation with time t of the potential difference V across the load resistor in (b) is For
shown in Fig. 6.2. Examiner’s
Use
0
t
Fig. 6.2
A capacitor is now connected in parallel with the load resistor to produce some
smoothing.
(i) Explain what is meant by smoothing.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) On Fig. 6.2, draw the variation with time t of the smoothed output potential
difference. [2]

14
7 (a) The emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen consists of a number of discrete wavelengths. For
Explain how this observation leads to an understanding that there are discrete electron Examiner’s
energy levels in atoms. Use
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Some electron energy levels in atomic hydrogen are illustrated in Fig. 7.1.
–0.54 eV
–0.85 eV
–1.5 eV
energy
–3.4 eV
Fig. 7.1
© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13
15
The longest wavelength produced as a result of electron transitions between two of the For
energy levels shown in Fig. 7.1 is 4.0 × 10–6 m. Examiner’s
Use
(i) On Fig. 7.1,
1. draw, and mark with the letter L, the transition giving rise to the wavelength of
4.0 × 10–6 m, [1]
2. draw, and mark with the letter S, the transition giving rise to the shortest
wavelength. [1]
(ii) Calculate the wavelength for the transition you have shown in (i) part 2.
wavelength = ............................................. m [3]
(c) Photon energies in the visible spectrum vary between approximately 3.66 eV and
1.83 eV.
Determine the energies, in eV, of photons in the visible spectrum that are produced by
transitions between the energy levels shown in Fig. 7.1.
photon energies .................................................................................... eV [2]

16
8 (a) Explain why the mass of an α-particle is less than the total mass of two individual For
protons and two individual neutrons. Examiner’s
Use
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) An equation for one possible nuclear reaction is
4He + 14N 17O + 1p.

2 7 8 1
Data for the masses of the nuclei are given in Fig. 8.1.
mass / u
proton 1p 1.00728
1
helium-4 4He 4.00260
2
nitrogen-14 14N 14.00307
7
oxygen-17 17O 16.99913
8
Fig. 8.1
(i) Calculate the mass change, in u, associated with this reaction.
mass change = .............................................. u [2]
(ii) Calculate the energy, in J, associated with the mass change in (i).
energy = ............................................... J [2]
© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13
17
(iii) Suggest and explain why, for this reaction to occur, the helium-4 nucleus must have For
a minimum speed. Examiner’s
Use
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]

18
Section B For
Examiner’s
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. Use
9 The volume of fuel in the fuel tank of a car is monitored using a sensing device. The device
gives a voltage output that is measured using a voltmeter. The variation of voltmeter reading
with the volume of fuel in the tank is shown in Fig. 9.1.
voltmeter 3
reading
/V 2
0
0 20 40 60 80
empty full
volume / litres
Fig. 9.1
(a) Use Fig. 9.1 to determine the range of volume over which the volume has a linear
relationship to the voltmeter reading.
from .................................. litres to .................................. litres [1]
(b) Suggest why, comparing values from Fig. 9.1,
(i) when the tank is nearly full, the voltmeter readings give the impression that fuel
consumption is low,
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) when the voltmeter first indicates that the tank is nearly empty, there is more fuel
remaining than is expected.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]
© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13
19
10 (a) By reference to ultrasound waves, state what is meant by acoustic impedance. For
Examiner’s
.......................................................................................................................................... Use
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) An ultrasound wave is incident on the boundary between two media. The acoustic
impedances of the two media are Z1 and Z2, as illustrated in Fig. 10.1.
boundary
Z1 Z2
incident
wave
Fig. 10.1
Explain the importance of the difference between Z1 and Z2 for the transmission of
ultrasound across the boundary.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c) Ultrasound frequencies as high as 10 MHz are used in medical diagnosis.

State and explain one advantage of the use of high-frequency ultrasound compared
with lower-frequency ultrasound.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]

21
11 (a) Explain how the hardness of an X-ray beam is controlled by the accelerating voltage in For
the X-ray tube. Examiner’s
Use
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The attenuation of a parallel beam of X-ray radiation is given by the expression
I
= e –μ x
I0
where μ is the linear attenuation (absorption) coefficient and x is the thickness of the
material through which the beam passes.
(i) State
1. what is meant by attenuation,
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
2. why the expression applies only to a parallel beam.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) The linear attenuation coefficients for X-rays in bone and in soft tissue are 2.9 cm–1
and 0.95 cm–1 respectively.
Calculate, for a parallel X-ray beam, the ratio
fraction I of intensity transmitted through bone of thickness 2.5 cm

I0
.
fraction I of intensity transmitted through soft tissue of thickness 6.0 cm
I0
ratio = .................................................. [2]

22
12 The digital transmission of speech may be represented by the block diagram of Fig. 12.1. For
Examiner’s
Use
parallel- serial-
to- to-
ADC DAC
serial parallel
converter converter
Fig. 12.1
(a) State the purpose of the parallel-to-serial converter.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Part of the signal from the microphone is shown in Fig. 12.2.
16
14
12
10
microphone
output 8
/ mV
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
time / ms
Fig. 12.2
© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13
23
The ADC (analogue-to-digital converter) samples the analogue signal at a frequency For
of 5.0 kHz. Examiner’s
Each sample from the ADC is a four-bit digital number where the smallest bit represents Use
1.0 mV.
The first sample is taken at time zero.
Use Fig. 12.2 to determine the four-bit digital number produced by the ADC at times
(i) 0.4 ms,
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) 0.8 ms.
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) The digital signal is transmitted and then converted to an analogue form by the DAC
(digital-to-analogue converter).
Using data from Fig. 12.2, draw, on the axes of Fig. 12.3, the output level of the
transmitted analogue signal for time zero to time 1.2 ms.
16
14
output
level 12
10
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
time / ms
[4]
Fig. 12.3
(d) State and explain the effect on the transmitted analogue waveform of increasing, for the
ADC and the DAC, both the sampling frequency and the number of bits in each sample.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13
Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
GCE AS/A LEVEL – May/June 2013 9702 42
Section A
1 (a) equatorial orbit / above equator B1

satellite moves from west to east / same direction as Earth spins B1
period is 24 hours / same period as spinning of Earth B1 [3]
(allow 1 mark for ‘appears to be stationary/overhead’ if none of above marks scored)
(b) gravitational force provides/is the centripetal force B1

GMm/R2 = mRω2 or GMm/R2 = mv2/R M1
ω = 2π /T or v = 2πR / T or clear substitution M1
clear working to give R3 = (GMT2 / 4π2) A1 [4]
(c) R3 = 6.67 × 10–11 × 6.0 × 1024 × (24 × 3600)2 / 4π2 C1

= 7.57 × 1022 C1
R = 4.2 × 107 m A1 [3]
(missing out 3600 gives 1.8 × 105 m and scores 2/3 marks)
2 (a) (i) 1. pV = nRT

1.80 × 10–3 × 2.60 × 105 = n × 8.31 × 297 C1
n = 0.19 mol A1 [2]
2. ∆q = mc∆T
95.0 = 0.190 × 12.5 × ∆T B1
∆T = 40 K A1 [2]
(allow 2 marks for correct answer with clear logic shown)
(ii) p/T = constant

(2.6 × 105) / 297 = p / (297 + 40) M1
p = 2.95 × 105 Pa A0 [1]
(b) change in internal energy is 120 J / 25 J B1

internal energy decreases / ∆U is negative / kinetic energy of molecules decreases M1
so temperature lower A1 [3]
© Cambridge International Examinations 2013
3 (a) (i) ω = 2π / T
= 2π / 0.69 C1
= 9.1 rad s–1 A1 [2]
(allow use of f = 1.5 Hz to give ω = 9.4 rad s–1)
(ii) 1. x = 2.1 cos 9.1t

2.1 and 9.1 numerical values B1
use of cos B1 [2]
2. v0 = 2.1 × 10–2 × 9.1 (allow ecf of value of x0 from (ii)1.)

v0 = 0.19 m s–1 B1
v = v0 sin 9.1t (allow cos 9.1t if sin used in (ii)1.) B1 [2]
(b) energy = either ½ mv02 or ½ mω2x02

= either ½ × 0.078 × 0.192 or ½ × 0.078 × 9.12 × (2.1 × 10–2)2 C1
= 1.4 × 10–3 J A1 [2]
4 (a) (i) V = q / 4πε0R B1 [1]
(ii) (capacitance is) ratio of charge and potential or q/V M1

C = q/V = 4πε0R A0 [1]
(b) (i) C = 4π × 8.85 × 10–12 × 0.45 C1

= 50 pF A1 [2]
(ii) either energy = ½ CV2 or energy = ½ QV and Q = CV C1

energy of spark = ½ × 50 × 10–12 {(9.0 × 105)2 – (3.6 × 105)2} C1
= 17 J A1 [3]
5 (a) (uniform magnetic) flux normal to long (straight) wire carrying a current of 1 A M1
(creates) force per unit length of 1 N m–1 A1 [2]
(b) (i) sketch: concentric circles M1

increasing separation (must show more than 3 circles) A1
correct direction (anticlockwise, looking down) B1 [3]
(ii) B = (4π × 10–7 × 6.3) / (2π × 4.5 × 10–2) C1

= 2.8 × 10–5 T A1 [2]
(iii) F = BIL (sinθ) C1

= 2.8 × 10–5 × 9.3 × 1
F/L = 2.6 × 10–4 N m–1 A1 [2]
(c) force per unit length depends on product IXIY / by Newton’s third law / action and
reaction are equal and opposite M1
so same for both A1 [2]
6 (a) (induced) e.m.f. proportional to rate M1

of change of (magnetic) flux (linkage) A1 [2]
(b) (i) positive terminal identified (upper connection to load) B1 [1]
(ii) VP = √2 × VRMS C1
ratio = 240 √2 / 9 C1
ratio = 38 A1 [3]
(VP = VRMS / √2 gives ratio = 18.9 and scores 1/3)
(ratio = 240 / 9 = 26.7 scores 1/3)
(ratio = 9 / (240 / √2) = 0.0265 is inverted ratio and scores 1/3)
(c) (i) e.g. (output) p.d. / voltage / current does not fall to zero
e.g. range of (output) p.d. / voltage / current is reduced (any sensible answer) B1 [1]
(ii) sketch: same peak value at start of discharge M1

correct shape between one peak and the next A1 [2]
7 (a) each wavelength is associated with a discrete change in energy M1

discrete energy change / difference implies discrete levels A1 [2]
(b) (i) 1. arrow from –0.54 eV to –0.85 eV, labelled L B1 [1]
2. arrow from –0.54 eV to –3.4 eV , labelled S B1 [1]

(two correct arrows, but only one label – allow 2 marks)
(two correct arrows, but no labels – allow 1 mark)
(ii) E = hc / λ C1
(3.4 – 0.54) × 1.6 × 10–19 = (6.63 × 10–34 × 3.0 × 108) / λ C1
λ = 4.35 × 10–7 m A1 [3]
(c) –1.50 → –3.4 = 1.9 eV

–0.85 → –3.4 = 2.55 eV (allow 2.6 eV)
–0.54 → –3.4 = 2.86 eV (allow 2.9 eV)
3 correct, 2 marks with –1 mark for each additional energy
2 correct, 1 mark but no marks if any additional energy differences B2 [2]
8 (a) energy is given out / released on formation of the α-particle (or reverse argument) M1
either E = mc2 so mass is less
or reference to mass-energy equivalence A1 [2]
(b) (i) mass change = 18.00567 u – 18.00641 u C1

= 7.4 × 10–4 u (sign not required) A1 [2]
(ii) energy = c2∆m

= (3.0 × 108)2 × 7.4 × 10–4 × 1.66 × 10–27 C1
= 1.1 × 10–13 J A1 [2]
(allow use of u = 1.67 × 10–27 kg)
(allow method based on 1u equivalent to 930 MeV to 933 MeV)
(iii) either mass of products greater than mass of reactants M1

this mass/energy provided as kinetic energy of the helium-4 nucleus A1
or both nuclei positively charged (M1)
energy required to overcome electrostatic repulsion (A1) [2]
Section B
9 (a) 30 litres → 54 litres (allow ± 4 litres on both limits) A1 [1]
(b) (i) only 0.1 V change in reading for 10 litre consumption (or similar numbers) B1
above about 60 litres gradient is small compared to the gradient at about 40 litres
B1 [2]
(ii) voltmeter reading (nearly) zero when fuel is left C1

voltmeter reads only about 0.1 V when 10 litres of fuel left in tank A1 [2]
(“voltmeter reads zero when about 4 litres of fuel left in tank” scores 2 marks)
10 (a) product of density and speed of sound / wave M1

(density of medium and) speed of sound / wave in medium A1 [2]
(b) if (Z1 – Z2) is small, mostly transmission M1

if (Z1 – Z2) is large, mostly reflection M1
(if ‘mostly’ not stated allow 1/2 marks for these first two marks)
either reflection / transmission also depends on (Z1 + Z2)
or intensity reflection coefficient = (Z1 – Z2)2 / (Z1 + Z2)2 A1 [3]
(c) e.g. smaller structures can be distinguished B1

because better resolution at shorter wavelength / higher frequency B1 [2]
11 (a) changing voltage changes energy / speed of electrons M1

changing electron energy changes maximum X-ray photon energy A1 [2]
(b) (i) 1. loss of power / energy / intensity B1 [1]
2. intensity changes when beam not parallel C1

decreases when beam is divergent A1 [2]
(ii) ratio = (exp {–2.9 × 2.5}) / (exp {–0.95 × 6.0}) C1

= 0.21 (min. 2 sig. fig.) A1 [2]
(values of both lengths incorrect by factor of 10–2 to give ratio of 0.985 scores 1 mark)
12 (a) takes all the simultaneous digits for one number B1

and ‘sends’ them one after another (along the transmission line) B1 [2]
(b) (i) 0111 A1 [1]
(ii) 0110 A1 [1]
(c) levels shown
t 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
0 8 7 15 6 5 8
(–1 for each error or omission) A2

correct basic shape of graph i.e. series of steps M1
with levels staying constant during correct time intervals A1 [4]
(vertical lines in steps do not need to be shown)
(d) increasing number of bits reduces step height M1

increasing sampling frequency reduces step depth / width M1
reproduction of signal is more exact A1 [3]
Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International Advanced Level
* 6 1 0 6 2 1 0 2 9 2 *
PHYSICS 9702/42
2 hours
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
1
appropriate units.
3
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or 4
part question.
5
10
11
12
Total
DC (NF/CGW) 77047/2
4
Section A
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1 The mass M of a spherical planet may be assumed to be a point mass at the centre of the planet.
(a) A stone, travelling at speed v, is in a circular orbit of radius r about the planet, as illustrated in
Fig. 1.1.
stone
planet
Fig. 1.1
Show that the speed v is given by the expression
v = 冢 GM
r 冣
where G is the gravitational constant.

[2]
© UCLES 2014 9702/42/M/J/14
5
(b) A second stone, initially at rest at infinity, travels towards the planet, as illustrated in Fig. 1.2.
stone
V0
planet
x
Fig. 1.2 (not to scale)
The stone does not hit the surface of the planet.
(i) Determine, in terms of the gravitational constant G and the mass M of the planet, the
speed V0 of the stone at a distance x from the centre of the planet. Explain your working.
You may assume that the gravitational attraction on the stone is due only to the planet.
[3]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) and the expression in (a) to explain whether this stone could enter
a circular orbit about the planet.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]

6
2 A constant mass of an ideal gas has a volume of 3.49 × 103 cm3 at a temperature of 21.0 °C.
When the gas is heated, 565 J of thermal energy causes it to expand to a volume of 3.87 × 103 cm3
at 53.0 °C. This is illustrated in Fig. 2.1.
3.49 × 103 cm3 3.87 × 103 cm3

565 J
21.0 °C 53.0 °C
Fig. 2.1
(a) Show that the initial and final pressures of the gas are equal.
[2]
(b) The pressure of the gas is 4.20 × 105 Pa.
For this heating of the gas,
(i) calculate the work done by the gas,
work done = ..................................................... J [2]
© UCLES 2014 9702/42/M/J/14
7
(ii) use the first law of thermodynamics and your answer in (i) to determine the change in
internal energy of the gas.
change in internal energy = ..................................................... J [2]
(c) Explain why the change in kinetic energy of the molecules of this ideal gas is equal to the
change in internal energy.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

8
3 A microwave cooker uses electromagnetic waves of frequency 2450 MHz.

The microwaves warm the food in the cooker by causing water molecules in the food to oscillate
with a large amplitude at the frequency of the microwaves.
(a) State the name given to this phenomenon.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) The effective microwave power of the cooker is 750 W.

The temperature of a mass of 280 g of water rises from 25 °C to 98 °C in a time of 2.0 minutes.
Calculate a value for the specific heat capacity of the water.
specific heat capacity = ....................................... J kg−1 K−1 [3]
(c) The value of the specific heat capacity determined from the data in (b) is greater than the
accepted value.
A student gives as the reason for this difference: ‘heat lost to the surroundings’.
Suggest, in more detail than that given by the student, a possible reason for the difference.
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2014 9702/42/M/J/14
9
4 A helium nucleus contains two protons.
In a model of the helium nucleus, each proton is considered to be a charged point mass.
The separation of these point masses is assumed to be 2.0 × 10−15 m.
(a) For the two protons in this model, calculate
(i) the electrostatic force,
electrostatic force = ..................................................... N [2]
(ii) the gravitational force.
gravitational force = ..................................................... N [2]
(b) Using your answers in (a), suggest why
(i) there must be some other force between the protons in the nucleus,
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) this additional force must have a short range.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]

10
5 A Hall probe is placed a distance d from a long straight current-carrying wire, as illustrated in
Fig. 5.1.
current-carrying 4.0 A
wire
Hall probe
X Y
Fig. 5.1
The direct current in the wire is 4.0 A. Line XY is normal to the wire.
The Hall probe is rotated about the line XY to the position where the reading VH of the Hall probe
is maximum.
(a) The Hall probe is now moved away from the wire, along the line XY.
On the axes of Fig. 5.2, sketch a graph to show the variation of the Hall voltage VH with
distance x of the probe from the wire. Numerical values are not required on your sketch.
VH
0
0 d x
Fig. 5.2
[2]
© UCLES 2014 9702/42/M/J/14
11
(b) The Hall probe is now returned to its original position, a distance d from the wire.
At this point, the magnetic flux density due to the current in the wire is proportional to the
current.
For a direct current of 4.0 A in the wire, the reading of the Hall probe is 3.5 mV.
The direct current is now replaced by an alternating current of root-mean-square (r.m.s.)
value 4.0 A. The period of this alternating current is T.
On the axes of Fig. 5.3, sketch the variation with time t of the reading of the Hall voltage VH for
two cycles of the alternating current. Give numerical values for VH, where appropriate.
6
VH / mV
4
0
0 T 2T t
–2
–4
–6
Fig. 5.3
[3]
(c) A student suggests that the Hall probe in (a) is replaced with a small coil connected in series
with a millivoltmeter. The constant current in the wire is 4.0 A.
In order to obtain data to plot a graph showing the variation with distance x of the magnetic
flux density, the student suggests that readings of the millivoltmeter are taken when the coil is
held in position at different values of x.
Comment on this suggestion.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

12
6 (a) Explain the use of a uniform electric field and a uniform magnetic field for the selection of the
velocity of a charged particle. You may draw a diagram if you wish.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) Ions, all of the same isotope, are travelling in a vacuum with a speed of 9.6 × 104 m s−1.
The ions are incident normally on a uniform magnetic field of flux density 640 mT. The ions
follow semicircular paths A and B before reaching a detector, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
detector
A B vacuum
uniform magnetic
field, flux density
640 mT
Fig. 6.1
Data for the diameters of the paths are shown in Fig. 6.2.
path diameter / cm
A 6.2
B 12.4
Fig. 6.2
The ions in path B each have charge +1.6 × 10−19 C.
© UCLES 2014 9702/42/M/J/14
13
(i) Determine the mass, in u, of the ions in path B.
mass = ..................................................... u [4]
(ii) Suggest and explain quantitatively a reason for the difference in radii of the paths A and
B of the ions.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [3]

14
7 (a) Define the radian.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) A telescope gives a clear view of a distant object when the angular displacement between the
edges of the object is at least 9.7 × 10−6 rad.
(i) The Moon is approximately 3.8 × 105 km from Earth.

Estimate the minimum diameter of a circular crater on the Moon’s surface that can be
seen using the telescope.
diameter = .................................................. km [2]
(ii) Suggest why craters of the same diameter as that calculated in (i) but on the surface of
Mars are not visible using this telescope.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2014 9702/42/M/J/14
15
8 Light of wavelength 590 nm is incident normally on a surface, as illustrated in Fig. 8.1.
light surface
wavelength 590 nm
Fig. 8.1
The power of the light is 3.2 mW. The light is completely absorbed by the surface.
(a) Calculate the number of photons incident on the surface in 1.0 s.
number = ......................................................... [3]
(b) Use your answer in (a) to determine
(i) the total momentum of the photons arriving at the surface in 1.0 s,
momentum = ........................................... kg m s−1 [3]
(ii) the force exerted on the surface by the light.
force = ..................................................... N [1]

16
9 Some water becomes contaminated with radioactive iodine-131 ( 131 53I).

The activity of the iodine-131 in 1.0 kg of this water is 460 Bq.
The half-life of iodine-131 is 8.1 days.
(a) Define radioactive half-life.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) (i) Calculate the number of iodine-131 atoms in 1.0 kg of this water.
number = ......................................................... [3]
(ii) An amount of 1.0 mol of water has a mass of 18 g.
Calculate the ratio
number of molecules of water in 1.0 kg of water

.
number of atoms of iodine-131 in 1.0 kg of contaminated water
ratio = ......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2014 9702/42/M/J/14
17
(c) An acceptable limit for the activity of iodine-131 in water has been set as 170 Bq kg−1.
Calculate the time, in days, for the activity of the contaminated water to be reduced to this
acceptable level.
time = ................................................ days [3]

18
Section B
10 (a) State the function of a comparator circuit incorporating an operational amplifier (op-amp).
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) An ideal op-amp is incorporated into the circuit of Fig. 10.1.
+1.5 V
1.2 k1 +5 V
–
+
G
V IN –5 V
2.4 k1
R
Fig. 10.1
(i) On Fig. 10.1, draw a circle around the part of the circuit that is being used as an output
device. [1]
(ii) Show that the potential at the non-inverting input of the op-amp is 1.0 V.
[1]
© UCLES 2014 9702/42/M/J/14
19
(iii) The variation with time t of the potential VIN at the inverting input of the op-amp is shown
in Fig. 10.2.
6
potential
/V 4
VIN
2
+1.0
0
t1 t2 time t
–2
–4
–6
Fig. 10.2
1. On the axes of Fig. 10.2, draw the variation with time t of the output potential of the
op-amp. [3]
2. State whether each diode is emitting light or is not emitting light at time t1 and at
time t 2.
At time t1, diode R will ................................. and diode G will ................................. .
At time t2, diode R will ................................. and diode G will ................................. .

[2]

20
11 (a) Distinguish between an X-ray image of a body structure and a CT scan.
X-ray image: ..............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
CT scan: ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[5]
(b) Data for the linear absorption (attenuation) coefficient μ of X-ray radiation of energy 80 keV
are given in Fig. 11.1.
metal μ / mm−1
aluminium 0.46
copper 0.69
Fig. 11.1
A parallel X-ray beam is incident on a copper filter, as shown in Fig. 11.2.
copper
filter
incident beam emergent

intensity I0 beam
Fig. 11.2
The intensity of the incident beam is I0.
© UCLES 2014 9702/42/M/J/14
21
(i) Calculate the thickness of copper required to reduce the intensity of the emergent beam
to 0.25 I0.
thickness = ................................................. mm [2]
(ii) An aluminium filter of thickness 2.4 mm is now placed in the X-ray beam, together with
the copper filter in (i).
Calculate the fraction of the incident intensity that emerges after passing through the two
filters.
fraction = ......................................................... [2]
(iii) Express your answer in (ii) as a gain in decibels (dB).
gain = ................................................... dB [3]

22
12 Two people, living in different regions of the Earth, communicate either using a link provided by a
geostationary satellite or using optic fibres.
(a) (i) Explain what is meant by a geostationary satellite.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) The uplink frequency for communication with the satellite is 6 GHz and the downlink has
a frequency of 4 GHz.
Explain why the frequencies are different.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Comment on the time delays experienced by the two people when communicating either
using geostationary satellites or using optic fibres. Explain your answer.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
© UCLES 2014 9702/42/M/J/14
GCE A LEVEL – May/June 2014 9702 42
Section A
1 (a) gravitational force provides/is the centripetal force B1

GMm / r2 R mv2 / r M1
v R √(GM / r) A0 [2]
allow gravitational field strength provides/is the centripetal acceleration (B1)

GM / r2 R v2 / r (M1)
(b) (i) kinetic energy increase/change R loss / change in (gravitational) potential

energy B1
½mV02 R GMm / x C1
V02 R 2GM / x
V0 R √(2GM / x) A1 [3]
(max. 2 for use of r not x)
(ii) V0 is (always) greater than v (for x = r) M1

so stone could not enter into orbit A1 [2]
(expressions in (a) and (b)(i) must be dimensionally correct)
2 (a) use of kelvin temperatures B1

both values of (V / T) correct (11.87), V / T is constant so pressure is constant M1 [2]
(allow use of n R1. Do not allow other values of n.)
(b) (i) work done R p∆V

R 4.2 × 105 × (3.87 – 3.49) × 103 × 10–6 C1
= = = = = R 160 J A1 [2]
(do not allow use of V instead of ∆V)
(ii) increase / change in internal energy R heating of system

N work done on system C1
R 565 – 160
= = = = R 405 J A1 [2]
(c) internal energy R sum of kinetic energy and potential energy / EK N EP B1

no intermolecular forces M1
no potential energy (so ∆U R ∆EK) A1 [3]
3 (a) resonance B1 [1]
(b) Pt R mc ∆θ C1
750 × 2 × 60 R 0.28 × c × (98 – 25) C1
c R 4400 J kg–1 K–1 A1 [3]
(use of ∆θ R 73 N 273 max. 1 / 3)

(use of t R 2 s not 120 s max. 2 / 3)
(c) e.g. some microwave leakage from the cooker

e.g. container for the water is also heated
(any sensible suggestion) B1 [1]
4 (a) (i) FE R Q1Q2 / 4πε0r2 C1

= = = = R 8.99 × 109 × (1.6 × 10–19)2 / (2.0 × 10–15)2
R 58 N A1 [2]
(ii) FG R Gm1m2 / r2 C1
= = = R 6.67 × 10–11 × (1.67 × 10–27)2 / (2.0 × 10–15)2
= = = R 4.7 × 10–35 N A1 [2]
(b) (i) force of repulsion (much) greater than force of attraction B1

must be some other force of attraction M1
to hold nucleus together A1 [3]
(Do not allow if FG > FE in (a) or one of the forces not calculated in (a))
(ii) outside nucleus there is repulsion between protons B1

either attractive force must act only in nucleus
or if not short range, all nuclei would stick together B1 [2]
5 (a) only curve with decreasing gradient M1

acceptable value near xR 0 and does not reach zero A1 [2]
(if graph line less than 4.0 cm do not allow A1 mark)

(no credit if graph line has positive and negative values of VH)
(b) graph: from 0 to 2T, two cycles of a sinusoidal wave M1

all peaks above 3.5 mV C1
peaks at 4.95 / 5.0 mV (allow 4.8 mV to 5.2 mV) A1 [3]
(c) e.m.f. induced in coil when magnetic field / flux is changing / cutting B1
either at each position, magnetic field does not vary

so no e.m.f. is induced in the coil / no reading on the millivoltmeter
or at each position, switch off current and take millivoltmeter reading
or at each position, rapidly remove coil from field and take meter reading B1 [2]
6 (a) electric and magnetic fields normal to each other B1
either charged particle enters region normal to both fields

or correct B direction w.r.t. E for zero deflection B1
for no deflection, v R E / B B1 [3]
(no credit if magnetic field region clearly not overlapping with electric field region)
(b) (i) m R Bqr / v C1

= = = R=(640 × 10–3 × 1.6 × 10–19 × 6.2 × 10–2) / (9.6 × 104) C1
= = = R=6.61 × 10–26 kg C1
= = = R=(6.61 × 10–26) / (1.66 × 10–27) u
= = = R=40 u A1 [4]
(ii) q / m ∝ 1 / r or m constant and q ∝ 1 / r B1

q / m for A is twice that for B B1
ions in path A have (same mass but) twice the charge (of ions in path B) B1 [3]
7 (a) angle subtended at the centre of a circle B1

by an arc equal in length to the radius B1 [2]
(b) (i) arc R distance × angle C1

diameter R 3.8 × 105 × 9.7 × 10–6
= = = R 3.7 km A1 [2]
(ii) Mars is (much) further from Earth / away (answer must be comparative) B1
angle (at telescope is much) smaller B1 [2]
8 (a) photon energy R hc / λ

R (6.63 × 10–34 × 3.0 × 108) / (590 × 10–9) C1
R 3.37 × 10–19 J C1
number R (3.2 × 10–3) / (3.37 × 10–19)

= = = R 9.5 × 1015 (allow 9.4 × 1015) A1 [3]
(b) (i) p R h / λ C1
= = = R (6.63 × 10–34) / (590 × 10–9)
= = = R 1.12 × 10–27 kg m s–1 C1
total momentum R 9.5 × 1015 × 1.12 × 10–27

= = = R 1.06 × 10–11 kg m s–1 A1 [3]
(ii) force R 1.06 × 10–11 N A1 [1]
9 (a) time for number of atoms / nuclei / activity (of the isotope) M1
to be reduced to one half (of its initial value) A1 [2]
(b) (i) A R λN C1
460 R N × ln 2 / (8.1 × 24 × 60 × 60) C1
N R 4.6 × 108 A1 [3]
(ii) number of water molecules in 1.0 kg R (6.02 × 1023) / (18 × 10–3) C1

R 3.3 × 1025
ratio R (3.3 × 1025) / (4.6 × 108)
R 7.2 (7.3) × 1016 A1 [2]
(c) A R A0 e–λt and λt½ R ln 2 C1

170 R 460 exp (–{ln 2 t } / 8.1) C1
t R 11.6 days (allow 2 s.f.) A1 [3]
Section B
10 (a) compares the potentials/voltages at the (inverting and non-inverting) inputs B1
either output (potential) dependent on which input is the larger

+ –
or V > V , then VOUT is positive B1
states the other condition B1 [3]
(b) (i) ring drawn around both the LEDs (and series resistors) B1 [1]
(ii) V– R (1.5 × 2.4) / (1.2 N 2.4) R 1.0 V B1 [1]

(allow 1.5 × 2.4 / 3.6 R 1.0 V)
(iii) 1. VOUT switches at N1.0 V B1

maximum VOUT is 5.0 V B1
when curve is above N1.0 V, VOUT is negative (or v.v.) B1 [3]
2. at time t1, diode R is emitting light, diode G is not emitting B1

at time t2, diode R is not emitting, diode G is emitting B1 [2]
(must be consistent with graph line. If no graph line then 0 / 2)
11 (a) X-ray: flat / shadow / 2D image B1

regardless of depth of object / depth not indicated B1
CT scan: built up from (many) images at different angles B1

image is three-dimensional B1
image can be rotated / viewed at different angles B1 [5]
(b) (i) I R I0 e–µx C1

0.25 R e–0.69x
x R2.0 mm (allow 1 s.f.) A1 [2]
(ii) for aluminium, I / I0 R e–0.46 × 2.4

R 0.33 C1
fraction R 0.33 × 0.25
= = = R 0.083 A1 [2]
(iii) gain / dB R 10 lg(I / I0) C1

R 10 lg(0.083)
= = = R (–) 10.8 dB (allow 2 s.f.) A1
with negative sign B1 [3]
12 (a) (i) satellite is in equatorial orbit B1

travelling from west to east B1
period of 24 hours / 1 day B1 [3]
(ii) either uplink signal is highly attenuated

or signal is highly amplified (before transmission) as downlink signal B1
prevents downlink signal swamping the uplink signal B1 [2]
(b) speed of signal is same order of magnitude in both systems B1

optic fibre link (much) shorter than via satellite M1
time delay using optic fibre is less A1 [3]

Cambridge International Advanced Level
* 2 2 0 3 2 4 1 3 4 4 *
PHYSICS 9702/42
2 hours
1
appropriate units.
3
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or 4
part question.
5
10
11
12
Total
This document consists of 23 printed pages and 1 blank page.
DC (KN/CGW) 92818/4
4
Section A
1 (a) The Earth may be considered to be a uniform sphere of radius 6.37 × 103 km with its mass
of 5.98 × 1024 kg concentrated at its centre. The Earth spins on its axis with a period of
24.0 hours.
(i) A stone of mass 2.50 kg rests on the Earth’s surface at the Equator.
1. Calculate, using Newton’s law of gravitation, the gravitational force on the stone.
gravitational force = ....................................................... N [2]
2. Determine the force required to maintain the stone in its circular path.
force = ....................................................... N [2]
(ii) The stone is now hung from a newton-meter.
Use your answers in (i) to determine the reading on the meter. Give your answer to three
significant figures.
reading = ....................................................... N [2]
© UCLES 2015 9702/42/M/J/15
5
(b) A satellite is orbiting the Earth. For an astronaut in the satellite, his sensation of weight is
caused by the contact force from his surroundings.
The astronaut reports that he is ‘weightless’, despite being in the Earth’s gravitational field.
Suggest what is meant by the astronaut reporting that he is ‘weightless’.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]

7
2 In a sample of gas at room temperature, five atoms have the following speeds:
1.32 × 103 m s–1

1.50 × 103 m s–1
1.46 × 103 m s–1
1.28 × 103 m s–1
1.64 × 103 m s–1.
For these five atoms, calculate, to three significant figures,
(a) the mean speed,
mean speed = ................................................. m s–1 [1]
(b) the mean-square speed,
mean-square speed = ................................................ m2 s–2 [2]
(c) the root-mean-square speed.
root-mean-square speed = ................................................. m s–1 [1]

8
3 (a) Define specific latent heat.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) A beaker containing a liquid is placed on a balance, as shown in Fig. 3.1.
liquid
heater
insulation
pan of
balance
Fig. 3.1
A heater of power 110 W is immersed in the liquid. The heater is switched on and, when the
liquid is boiling, balance readings m are taken at corresponding times t.
A graph of the variation with time t of the balance reading m is shown in Fig. 3.2.
380
360
m/g
340
320
300
0 2 4 6 8
t / min
Fig. 3.2
© UCLES 2015 9702/42/M/J/15
9
(i) State the feature of Fig. 3.2 which suggests that the liquid is boiling at a steady rate.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Use data from Fig. 3.2 to determine a value for the specific latent heat L of vaporisation
of the liquid.
L = ................................................ J kg–1 [3]
(iii) State, with a reason, whether the value determined in (ii) is likely to be an overestimate
or an underestimate of the normally accepted value for the specific latent heat of
vaporisation of the liquid.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]

10
4 (a) State what is meant by simple harmonic motion.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) The variation with time t of the displacement x of two oscillators P and Q is shown in Fig. 4.1.
3
x / cm
2
oscillator P
1 oscillator Q
0
0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8
t/s
−1
−2
−3
−4
Fig. 4.1
The two oscillators each have the same mass.
Use Fig. 4.1 to determine
(i) the phase difference between the two oscillators,
phase difference = ................................................... rad [1]
(ii) the maximum acceleration of oscillator Q,
maximum acceleration = ................................................ m s–2 [2]
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11
(iii) the ratio
maximum kinetic energy of oscillations of Q

maximum kinetic energy of oscillations of P .
ratio = .......................................................... [2]
(c) Use data from (b) to sketch, on the axes of Fig. 4.2, the variation with displacement x of the
acceleration a of oscillator Q.
0
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
x / cm
Fig. 4.2
[2]

12
5 (a) Define electric potential at a point.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Two positively charged metal spheres A and B are situated in a vacuum, as shown in Fig. 5.1.
sphere A sphere B
Fig. 5.1
A point P lies on the line joining the centres of the two spheres and is a distance x from the
surface of sphere A.
The variation with x of the electric potential V due to the two charged spheres is shown in
Fig. 5.2.
600
500
V/V
400
300
200
100
0 2 4 6 8 10
x / cm
surface surface
of A of B
Fig. 5.2
© UCLES 2015 9702/42/M/J/15
13
(i) State how the magnitude of the electric field strength at any point P may be determined
from the graph of Fig. 5.2.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Without any calculation, describe the force acting on a positively charged particle placed
at point P for values of x from x = 0 to x = 10 cm.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(c) The positively charged particle in (b)(ii) has charge q and mass m given by the expression
q 7 –1
m = 4.8 × 10 C kg .
Initially, the particle is at rest on the surface of sphere A where x = 0. It then moves freely
along the line joining the centres of the spheres until it reaches the surface of sphere B.
(i) On Fig. 5.2, mark with the letter M the point where the charged particle has its maximum
speed. [1]
(ii) 1. Use Fig. 5.2 to determine the potential difference between the spheres.
potential difference = ....................................................... V [1]
2. Use your answer in (ii) part 1 to calculate the speed of the particle as it reaches the
surface of sphere B.
speed = ................................................. m s–1 [3]

14
6 (a) Explain what is meant by a photon.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) An X-ray photon of energy 3.06 × 10–14 J is incident on an isolated stationary electron, as
deflected photon
wavelength 6.80 × 10–12 m
incident photon
e
energy 3.06 × 10–14 J
Fig. 6.1
The photon is deflected elastically by the electron through angle θ. The deflected photon has
a wavelength of 6.80 × 10–12 m.
(i) On Fig. 6.1, draw an arrow to indicate a possible initial direction of motion of the electron
after the photon has been deflected. [1]
(ii) Calculate
1. the energy of the deflected photon,
photon energy = ....................................................... J [2]
2. the speed of the electron after the photon has been deflected.
speed = ................................................ m s–1 [3]

© UCLES 2015 9702/42/M/J/15
15
(c) Explain why the magnitude of the final momentum of the electron is not equal to the change
in magnitude of the momentum of the photon.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
7 (a) A solenoid is connected in series with a resistor, as shown in Fig. 7.1.
N S
motion of magnet
Fig. 7.1
As the magnet is being moved into the solenoid, thermal energy is transferred in the resistor.
Use laws of electromagnetic induction to explain the origin of this thermal energy.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
(b) Explain why the alternating current in the primary coil of a transformer is not in phase with the
alternating e.m.f. induced in the secondary coil.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]

16
8 The power for a space probe is to be supplied by the energy released when plutonium-236 decays
by the emission of α-particles.
The α-particles, each of energy 5.75 MeV, are captured and their energy is converted into electrical
energy with an efficiency of 24%.
(a) Calculate
(i) the energy, in joules, equal to 5.75 MeV,
energy = ....................................................... J [1]
(ii) the number of α-particles per second required to generate 1.9 kW of electrical power.
number per second = .................................................... s–1 [2]
(b) Each plutonium-236 nucleus, on disintegration, produces one α-particle.

Plutonium-236 has a half-life of 2.8 years.
(i) Calculate the decay constant, in s–1, of plutonium-236.
decay constant = .................................................... s–1 [2]
© UCLES 2015 9702/42/M/J/15
17
(ii) Use your answers in (a)(ii) and (b)(i) to determine the mass of plutonium-236 required
for the generation of 1.9 kW of electrical power.
mass = ....................................................... g [4]
(c) The minimum electrical power required for the space probe is 0.84 kW.
Calculate the time, in years, for which the sample of plutonium-236 in (b)(ii) will provide
sufficient power.
time = ................................................ years [2]

18
Section B
9 (a) The strain in a beam is to be monitored using a strain gauge.

The strain gauge is included in the potential divider circuit shown in Fig. 9.1.
+2000 mV
120.0 1 5000 1
A B
strain
gauge 5000 1
Fig. 9.1
The strain gauge has a resistance of 120.0 Ω when it is not strained. The resistance increases
to 121.5 Ω when the strain is ε.
Calculate the potential difference between points A and B on Fig. 9.1 when the strain in the
gauge is ε.
potential difference = ................................................... mV [3]
© UCLES 2015 9702/42/M/J/15
19
(b) An inverting amplifier, incorporating an operational amplifier (op-amp), uses a high-resistance

voltmeter to display the output. A partially completed circuit for the amplifier is shown in
Fig. 9.2.
+9 V
V IN –9 V V
Fig. 9.2
The voltmeter is to indicate a full-scale deflection of +6.0 V for an input potential VIN of 0.15 V.
(i) On Fig. 9.2,
1. complete the circuit for the inverting amplifier, [2]
2. mark, with the letter P, the positive terminal of the voltmeter. [1]
(ii) Suggest appropriate values for the resistors you have shown in Fig. 9.2.
Label the resistors in Fig. 9.2 with these values. [2]

20
10 (a) State what is meant by the specific acoustic impedance of a medium.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) The specific acoustic impedances Z of some media are given in Fig. 10.1.
Z / kg m–2 s–1
air 4.3 × 102
gel 1.5 × 106
soft tissue 1.6 × 106
bone 7.0 × 106
Fig. 10.1
(i) The density of a sample of bone is 1.7 × 103 kg m–3.
Determine the wavelength, in mm, of ultrasound of frequency 9.0 × 105 Hz in the bone.
wavelength = ................................................... mm [3]
© UCLES 2015 9702/42/M/J/15
21
(ii) Ultrasound of intensity I is incident normally on the boundary between two media of
specific acoustic impedances Z1 and Z2, as shown in Fig. 10.2.
incident intensity I Z1 Z2
reflected intensity IR
Fig. 10.2
The intensity of the ultrasound reflected from the boundary is IR.

IR
The ratio is given by the expression
I
IR (Z1 – Z2)2
= .
I (Z1 + Z2)2
By making reference to the data for air, gel and soft tissue, explain quantitatively why,
during medical diagnosis using ultrasound, a gel is usually put on the skin.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[4]

22
11 One channel of communication is by the use of a coaxial cable. Such a cable is illustrated in
Fig. 11.1.
protective
covering
inner copper
wire
plastic insulation A
Fig. 11.1
(a) (i) Suggest the material from which the component labelled A on Fig. 11.1 is made.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Suggest two functions of the component labelled A.
1. ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2. ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) When a signal travels along the coaxial cable, it is attenuated.
(i) State the meaning of attenuation.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State and explain why attenuation is frequently measured in decibels (dB).
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2015 9702/42/M/J/15
23
(c) A television aerial is connected to a receiver using a coaxial cable of length 11 m. The
attenuation per unit length of the cable is 190 dB km–1.
Calculate the ratio

output signal from coaxial cable
.
input signal to coaxial cable
ratio = ...........................................................[3]
Please turn over for Question 12.

24
12 A mobile phone handset is, at its simplest, a radio transmitter and receiver.
Outline the role of base stations and the cellular exchange when a mobile phone is switched on
and before a call is made.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................[4]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2015 9702/42/M/J/15
Cambridge International AS / A Level – May / June 2015 9702 42
1 (a) (i) 1. F = Gm1m2 / x2

= (6.67 × 10–11 × 2.50 × 5.98 × 1024) / (6.37 × 106)2 M1
= 24.6 N (accept 2 s.f. or more) A1 [2]
2. F = mxω2 or F = mv 2 / x and v = ωx (accept x or r for distance) C1

= 2.50 × 6.37 × 106 × (2π / 24 × 3600)2
= 0.0842 N (accept 2 s.f. or more) A1 [2]
(ii) reading = 24.575 – 0.0842 B1

= 24.5 N (accept only 3 s.f.) A1 [2]
(b) gravitational force provides the centripetal force M1

gravitational force is ‘equal’ to the centripetal force
(accept Gm1m2 / x2 = mxω2 or FC = FG) M1
‘weight’/sensation of weight/contact force/reaction force is difference between FG
and FC which is zero A1 [3]
2 (a) mean speed = 1.44 × 103 m s–1 A1 [1]
(b) evidence of summing of individual squared speeds C1

mean square speed = 2.09 × 106 m2 s–2 A1 [2]
(c) root-mean-square speed = 1.45 × 103 m s–1 A1 [1]

(allow ECF from (b) but only if arithmetic error)
3 (a) (numerically equal to) quantity of heat/(thermal) energy to change state/phase of

unit mass M1
at constant temperature A1 [2]
(allow 1/2 for definition restricted to fusion or vaporisation)
(b) (i) constant gradient/straight line (allow linear/constant slope) B1 [1]
(ii) Pt = mL or power = gradient × L C1
use of gradient of graph

(or two points separated by at least 3.5 minutes) M1
110 × 60 = L × (372 – 325) × 10–3 / 7.0

L = 9.80 × 105 J kg–1 (accept 2 s.f.) (allow 9.8 to 9.9 rounded to 2 s.f.) A1 [3]
(iii) some energy/heat is lost to the surroundings or vapour condenses on sides M1

so value is an overestimate A1 [2]
4 (a) displacement (directly) proportional to acceleration/force M1

either displacement and acceleration in opposite directions
or acceleration (always) towards a (fixed) point A1 [2]
(b) (i) ⅓π rad or 1.05 rad (allow 60° if unit clear) A1 [1]
(ii) a0 = –ω2 x0
= (–) (2π / 1.2)2 × 0.030 C1
= (–) 0.82 m s–2 A1 [2]
(special case: using oscillator P gives x0 = 1.7 cm and a0 = 0.47 m s–1 for 1/2)
(iii) max. energy ∝ x02

ratio = 3.02 / 1.72 C1
= 3.1 (at least 2 s.f.) A1 [2]
(if has inverse ratio but has stated max. energy ∝ x02 then allow 1/2)
(c) graph: straight line through (0,0) with negative gradient M1

correct end-points (–3.0, +0.82) and (+3.0, –0.82) A1 [2]
5 (a) work done bringing/moving per unit positive charge M1

from infinity (to the point) A1 [2]
(b) (i) slope/gradient (of the line/graph/tangent) B1 [1]

(allow dV / dx, but not ∆V / ∆x or V / x)
(allow potential gradient)
(negative sign not required)
(ii) maximum at surface of sphere A or at x = 0 (cm) B1

zero at x = 6 (cm) B1
then increases but in opposite direction B1 [3]
(any mention of attraction max. 2/3)
(c) (i) M shown between x = 5.5 cm and x = 6.5 cm B1 [1]
(ii) 1. ∆V = (570 – 230) = 340 V (allow 330 V to 340 V) A1 [1]
2. q(∆)V = ½mv 2 or change/loss in PE = change/gain in KE or ∆EK = ∆EP B1
4.8 × 107 × 340 = ½v 2 C1

v2 = 3.26 × 1010
v = 1.8 × 105 m s–1 (not 1 s.f.) A1 [3]
6 (a) packet/quantum/discrete amount of energy M1

of electromagnetic energy/radiation/waves A1 [2]
(b) (i) arrow below axis and pointing to right B1 [1]
(ii) 1. E = hc / λ
= (6.63 × 10–34 × 3.0 × 108) / (6.80 × 10–12) C1
= 2.93 × 10–14 J (accept 2 s.f.) A1 [2]
2. energy of electron = (3.06 – 2.93) × 10–14

= 1.3 × 10–15 J C1
speed = (2E / m ) C1
= 5.4 × 107 m s–1 A1 [3]
(c) momentum is a vector quantity B1

either must consider momentum in two directions
or direction changes so cannot just consider magnitude B1 [2]
7 (a) moving magnet gives rise to/causes/induces e.m.f./current in solenoid/coil B1

(induced current) creates field/flux in solenoid that opposes (motion of) magnet B1
work is done/energy is needed to move magnet (into solenoid) B1
(induced) current gives heating effect (in resistor) which comes from the work done B1 [4]
(b) current in primary coil give rise to (magnetic) flux/field B1

(magnetic) flux / field (in core) is in phase with current (in primary coil) B1
(magnetic) flux threads/links/cuts secondary coil inducing e.m.f. in secondary coil B1
(there must be a mention of secondary coil)
e.m.f. induced proportional to rate of change/cutting of flux/field so not in phase B1 [4]
8 (a) (i) energy = 5.75 × 1.6 × 10–13

= 9.2 × 10–13 J A1 [1]
(ii) number = 1900 / (9.2 × 10–13 × 0.24) C1

= 8.6 × 1015 s–1 A1 [2]
(b) (i) decay constant = 0.693 / (2.8 × 365 × 24 × 3600) C1

= 7.85 × 10–9 s–1 (allow 7.8 or 7.9 to 2 s.f.) A1 [2]
(ii) A = λN
8.6 × 1015 = 7.85 × 10–9 × N C1
N = 1.096 × 1024 C1
mass = (1.096 × 1024 × 236) / (6.02 × 1023) M1

= 430 g A1 [4]
(c) 0.84 = 1.9 exp(–7.85 × 10–9 t) C1

t = 1.04 × 108 s
= 3.3 years A1 [2]
Section B
9 (a) VB = 1000 mV C1
when strained, VA = 2000 × 121.5 / (121.5 +120.0)
= 1006.2 mV M1
change = 6.2 mV (allow 6 mV) A1 [3]
(b) (i) 1. resistor between VIN and V– and V+ connected to earth B1

resistor between V– and VOUT B1 [2]
2. P / + sign shown on earth side of voltmeter B1 [1]
(ii) ratio of RF / RIN = 40 M1

RIN between 100 Ω and 10 kΩ A1 [2]
(any values must link to the correct resistors on the diagram)
10 (a) product of density (of medium) and speed (of ultrasound) M1

in the medium A1 [2]
(b) (i) 7.0 × 106 = 1.7 × 103 × speed C1

speed = 4.12 × 103 m s–1
wavelength = (4.12 × 103) / (9.0 × 105) m C1
= 4.6 mm (2 s.f. minimum) A1 [3]
(ii) for air/tissue boundary, IR / I ≈ 1 M1

for air/tissue boundary, (almost) complete reflection/no transmission A1
for gel/tissue boundary, IR / I = 0.12 / 3.12
= 1.04 × 10–3 (accept 1 s.f.) M1
gel enables (almost) complete transmission (into the tissue) A1 [4]
11 (a) (i) metal (allow specific example of a metal) B1 [1]
(ii) e.g. provides ‘return’ for the signal

shields inner core from interference/reduces cross-talk/reduces noise
increased security
(any two sensible suggestions, 1 each) B2 [2]
(b) (i) (gradual) loss of power/intensity/amplitude B1 [1]
(ii) dB is a log scale B1

either large (range of) numbers are easier to handle (on a log scale)
or compounding attenuations/amplifications is easier B1 [2]
(c) attenuation = 190 × 11 × 10–3 = 2.09 dB C1

–2.09 = 10 lg(POUT / PIN) C1
ratio = 0.62 A1 [3]
12 handset transmits (identification) signal to number of base stations B1

base stations transfers (signal) to cellular exchange B1
(idea of stations needed at least once in first two marking points)
computer at cellular exchange selects base station with strongest signal B1

computer at cellular exchange selects a carrier frequency for mobile phone B1 [4]
(idea of computer needed at least once in these two marking points)

Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level
* 7 6 2 2 8 7 4 4 8 6 *
PHYSICS 9702/42
Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions May/June 2016
2 hours

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
DC (NF/FD) 108407/3
4
1 A binary star consists of two stars A and B that orbit one another, as illustrated in Fig. 1.1.
2.8 × 108 km
t
VWDU$ VWDU%
PDVV0$ 3 PDVV0%
t
G
Fig. 1.1
The stars are in circular orbits with the centres of both orbits at point P, a distance d from the
centre of star A.
(a) (i) Explain why the centripetal force acting on both stars has the same magnitude.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) The period of the orbit of the stars about point P is 4.0 years.
Calculate the angular speed ω of the stars.
ω = ............................................. rad s−1 [2]
© UCLES 2016 9702/42/M/J/16
5
(b) The separation of the centres of the stars is 2.8 × 108 km.
The mass of star A is MA. The mass of star B is MB.
M
The ratio A is 3.0.
MB
(i) Determine the distance d.
d = ................................................... km [3]
(ii) Use your answers in (a)(ii) and (b)(i) to determine the mass MB of star B.
MB = .................................................... kg [3]
[Total: 10]

6
2 (a) State what is meant by
(i) the Avogadro constant NA,
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) the mole.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) A container has a volume of 1.8 × 104 cm3.
The ideal gas in the container has a pressure of 2.0 × 107 Pa at a temperature of 17 °C.
Show that the amount of gas in the cylinder is 150 mol.
[1]
(c) Gas molecules leak from the container in (b) at a constant rate of 1.5 × 1019 s−1.
The temperature remains at 17 °C.
In a time t, the amount of gas in the container is found to be reduced by 5.0%.
Calculate
(i) the pressure of the gas after the time t,
pressure = ................................................... Pa [2]
© UCLES 2016 9702/42/M/J/16
7
(ii) the time t.
t = ....................................................... s [3]
[Total: 9]
3 (a) Explain what is meant by the statement that two bodies are in thermal equilibrium.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Suggest suitable types of thermometer, one in each case, to measure
(i) the temperature of the flame of a Bunsen burner,
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) the change in temperature of a small crystal when it is exposed to a pulse of ultrasound
energy.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Some water is heated so that its temperature changes from 26.5 °C to a final temperature of
38.0 °C.
State, to an appropriate number of decimal places,
(i) the change in temperature in kelvin,
change = ..................................................... K [1]
(ii) the final temperature in kelvin.
final temperature = ..................................................... K [1]
[Total: 5]

8
4 A metal block hangs vertically from one end of a spring. The other end of the spring is tied to a
thread that passes over a pulley and is attached to a vibrator, as shown in Fig. 4.1.
pulley vibrator
spring
block
Fig. 4.1
(a) The vibrator is switched off.

The metal block of mass 120 g is displaced vertically and then released. The variation with
time t of the displacement y of the block from its equilibrium position is shown in Fig. 4.2.
y / cm 2
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
–1 W /s
–2
–3
Fig. 4.2
For the vibrations of the block, calculate
(i) the angular frequency ω,
ω = ............................................. rad s−1 [2]

© UCLES 2016 9702/42/M/J/16
9
(ii) the energy of the vibrations.
energy = ...................................................... J [2]
(b) The vibrator is now switched on.
The frequency of vibration is varied from 0.7f to 1.3f where f is the frequency of vibration of
the block in (a).
For the block, complete Fig. 4.3 to show the variation with frequency of the amplitude of
vibration. Label this line A. [3]
amplitude
0
0.7I I 1.3I
frequency
Fig. 4.3
(c) Some light feathers are now attached to the block in (b) to increase air resistance.
The frequency of vibration is once again varied from 0.7f to 1.3f. The new amplitude of
vibration is measured for each frequency.
On Fig. 4.3, draw a line to show the variation with frequency of the amplitude of vibration.
Label this line B. [2]
[Total: 9]

10
5 The signal from a radio station is amplitude modulated.
(a) State what is meant by amplitude modulation (AM).
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) The variation with frequency of the intensity of the signal from the radio station is shown in
Fig. 5.1.
intensity
0
193 198 203
frequency / kHz
Fig. 5.1
State, for this signal,
(i) the bandwidth,
bandwidth = ................................................. kHz [1]
(ii) the maximum audio frequency that is broadcast.
maximum frequency = ................................................. kHz [1]
© UCLES 2016 9702/42/M/J/16
11
(c) A transmission line of length 45 km has an attenuation per unit length of 2.0 dB km−1.
The input power to the transmission line is 500 mW.

The minimum acceptable signal-to-noise ratio is 24 dB for background noise of 5.0 × 10−13 W.
(i) Calculate the minimum acceptable power output from the transmission line.
power = .................................................... W [2]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to determine whether it is possible to transmit the signal along the
transmission line.
[2]
[Total: 8]

13
6 (a) By reference to electric field lines, explain why, for points outside an isolated spherical
conductor, the charge on the sphere may be considered to act as a point charge at its centre.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Two isolated protons are separated in a vacuum by a distance x.
(i) Calculate the ratio
electric force between the two protons

.
gravitational force between the two protons
ratio = ......................................................... [3]
(ii) By reference to your answer in (i), suggest why gravitational forces are not considered
when calculating the force between charged particles.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]

14
7 (a) State two uses of capacitors in electrical circuits, other than for the smoothing of direct current.
1. ..............................................................................................................................................
2. ..............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) The combined capacitance between terminals A and B of the arrangement shown in Fig. 7.1
is 4.0 μF.
+F
& &
A B
+F
Fig. 7.1
Two capacitors each have capacitance C and the remaining capacitors each have
capacitance 3.0 μF.
The potential difference (p.d.) between terminals A and B is 12 V.
(i) Determine the capacitance C.
C = ................................................... μF [2]
(ii) Calculate the magnitude of the total positive charge transferred to the arrangement.
charge = ................................................... μC [2]
© UCLES 2016 9702/42/M/J/16
15
(iii) Use your answer in (ii) to state the magnitude of the charge on one plate of
1. a capacitor of capacitance C,
charge = ......................................................... μC
2. a capacitor of capacitance 3.0 μF.
charge = ......................................................... μC
[2]
[Total: 8]

16
8 An ideal operational amplifier (op-amp) has infinite voltage gain and infinite slew rate.
(a) State what is meant by
(i) the voltage gain,
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) infinite slew rate.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) A non-inverting amplifier circuit incorporating an ideal op-amp is shown in Fig. 8.1.
9
–
²9
9,1 N1 9287
Fig. 8.1
The supply to the op-amp is +9 V / −9 V.

The voltage gain of the amplifier circuit is 12.
Determine the resistance of resistor R.
resistance = ..................................................... Ω [2]
© UCLES 2016 9702/42/M/J/16
17
(c) For the circuit of Fig. 8.1, the variation with time t of the input potential VIN to the amplifier is
shown in Fig. 8.2.
1.0
9IN / V
0.5
0
W W W
–0.5
–1.0
Fig. 8.2
On Fig. 8.3, show the variation with time t of the output potential VOUT for time t = 0 to time
t = t2.
15
9OUT / V
10
0
W W W
–5
–10
–15
Fig. 8.3
[4]
[Total: 9]

18
9 A magnetic field of flux density B is normal to face PQRS of a slice of a conducting material, as
shown in Fig. 9.1.
magnetic field
flux density %
S
R
Z FXUUHQWI
P Q
X Y
Fig. 9.1
A current I in the slice is normal to face QRZY of the slice.
The Hall voltage VH across the slice is given by the expression
BI
VH = .
ntq
(a) (i) State what is represented by the symbol n.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) The symbol t represents the length of one side of the slice. Use letters from Fig. 9.1 to
identify t.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) In general, the Hall voltage produced in a slice of a metal is very small.
For a slice of the same dimensions with the same current and magnetic flux density, the
Hall voltage produced in a semiconductor material is much larger.
Suggest and explain why.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2016 9702/42/M/J/16
19
(ii) In some semiconducting materials, electrons are mainly responsible for conduction.
In other semiconducting materials, holes are mainly responsible for conduction.
Suggest and explain the difference, if any, that conduction by electrons or by holes will
have on the Hall voltage.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 7]

20
10 Two coils P and Q are placed close to one another, as shown in Fig. 10.1.
coil P coil Q
V
power
supply
Fig. 10.1
(a) The current in coil P is constant.
An iron rod is inserted into coil P.
Explain why, during the time that the rod is moving, there is a reading on the voltmeter
connected to coil Q.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
© UCLES 2016 9702/42/M/J/16
21
(b) The current in coil P is now varied as shown in Fig. 10.2.
current
0
0 W1 W2 WLPH
Fig. 10.2
On Fig. 10.3, show the variation with time of the reading of the voltmeter connected to coil Q
for time t = 0 to time t = t2.
voltmeter
reading
0
0 W1 W2 time
Fig. 10.3 [4]
[Total: 6]

22
11 A bridge rectifier contains four ideal diodes A, B, C and D, as shown in Fig. 11.1.
input $
9
' & / N 1
Fig. 11.1
The output of the rectifier is connected to a load L of resistance 2.4 kΩ.
(a) On Fig. 11.1, mark with the letter P the positive terminal of the load. [1]
(b) The variation with time t of the potential difference V across the input to the rectifier is shown
in Fig. 11.2.
6 LQSXW
9/V
4
0
W
–2
–4
–6
–8
Fig. 11.2
Calculate the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) current in the load L.
r.m.s. current = ..................................................... A [2]

© UCLES 2016 9702/42/M/J/16
23
(c) The potential difference across the load L is to be smoothed using a capacitor.
(i) On Fig. 11.1, draw the symbol for a capacitor, connected to produce smoothing. [1]
(ii) The minimum potential difference across the load L with the smoothing capacitor
connected is 3.0 V.
On Fig. 11.2, sketch the variation with time t of the potential difference across the load L.
[3]
[Total: 7]

24
12 High-energy electrons collide with a metal target, producing X-ray photons.
The variation with wavelength of the intensity of the X-ray beam is illustrated in Fig. 12.1.
intensity
0
wavelength
Fig. 12.1
(a) Explain why there is
(i) a continuous distribution of wavelengths,
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) a sharp cut-off at short wavelength,
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) a series of peaks superimposed on the continuous distribution of wavelengths.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) In the X-ray imaging of body structures, longer wavelength photons are frequently filtered out
of the X-ray beam.
(i) State how this filtering is achieved.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2016 9702/42/M/J/16
25
(ii) Suggest the reason for this filtering.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]

26
13 (a) Explain what is meant by gamma radiation (γ-radiation).
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) A source of gamma radiation is placed a fixed distance away from a detector and counter, as
WRFRXQWHU
GHWHFWRU
OHDGVKHHW
[
VKLHOGLQJ VRXUFH
Fig. 13.1
A sheet of lead of thickness x is placed between the source and the detector.
The average count rate C, corrected for background, is recorded. This is repeated for different
values of x.
The variation with thickness x of ln C is shown in Fig. 13.2.
© UCLES 2016 9702/42/M/J/16
27
4.00
3.75
ln (& / s–1)
3.50
3.25
3.00
2.75
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
[ / mm
Fig. 13.2
The absorption of gamma radiation in lead may be represented by the equation
C = C0 e−μx
where C0 is the count rate for x = 0 and μ is the linear attenuation (absorption) coefficient.
Use Fig. 13.2 to determine the linear attenuation coefficient μ for this gamma radiation in lead.
μ = .............................................. mm−1 [4]
Question 13 continues on the next page.

28
(c) The value of μ calculated in (b) is for gamma radiation in lead.
Suggest and explain whether the value of μ for aluminium would be the same, greater or
smaller.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 8]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
© UCLES 2016 9702/42/M/J/16
Cambridge International AS/A Level – May/June 2016 9702 42
1 (a) (i) gravitational force provides/is the centripetal force B1
same gravitational force (by Newton III) B1 [2]
(ii) ω = 2π / T
= 2π / (4.0 × 365 × 24 × 3600) C1
= 5.0 (4.98) × 10–8 rad s–1 A1 [2]
(b) (i) (centripetal force =) MAdω2 = MB(2.8 × 108 –d)ω2

or
MAdA = MBdB C1
MA / MB = 3.0 = (2.8 × 108 – d) / d C1
d = 7.0 × 107 km A1 [3]
(ii) GMAMB / (2.8 × 1011)2 = MAdω2 B1
MB = (2.8 × 1011)2 × dω2 / G

= (2.8 × 1011)2 × (7.0 × 1010) × (4.98 × 10–8)2 / (6.67 × 10–11) C1
= 2.0 × 1029 kg A1 [3]
2 (a) (i) number of atoms/nuclei in 12 g of carbon-12 B1 [1]
(ii) amount of substance M1
containing NA (or 6.02 × 1023) particles/molecules/atoms

or
which contains the same number of particles/atoms/molecules as there
are atoms in 12 g of carbon-12 A1 [2]
(b) pV = nRT
2.0 × 107 × 1.8 × 104 × 10–6 = n × 8.31 × 290, so n = 149 mol or 150 mol A1 [1]
(c) (i) V and T constant and so pressure reduced by 5.0%

pressure = 0.95 × 2.0 × 107 C1
or
calculation of new n (= 142.5 mol) and correct substitution into pV = nRT (C1)
pressure = 1.9 × 107 Pa A1 [2]
(ii) loss is 5 / 100 × 150 mol = 7.5 mol

or
∆N = 4.52 × 1024 C1
t = (7.5 × 6.02 × 1023) / 1.5 × 1019

or
t = 4.52 × 1024 / 1.5 × 1019 C1
= 3.0 × 105 s A1 [3]
3 (a) no net energy transfer between the bodies

or
bodies are at the same temperature B1 [1]
(b) (i) thermocouple, platinum/metal resistance thermometer, pyrometer B1 [1]
(ii) thermistor, thermocouple B1 [1]
(c) (i) change = 11.5 K B1 [1]
(ii) final temperature = 311.2 K B1 [1]
4 (a) (i) T = 0.60 s and ω = 2π / T C1
ω = 10 (10.47) rad s–1 A1 [2]
(ii) energy = ½mω2x02 or ½mv2 and v = ωx0 C1
= ½ × 120 × 10–3 × (10.5)2 × (2.0 × 10–2)2
= 2.6 × 10–3 J A1 [2]
(b) sketch: smooth curve in correct directions B1
peak at f M1
amplitude never zero and line extends from 0.7f to 1.3f A1 [3]
(c) sketch: peaked line always below a peaked line A M1
peak not as sharp and at (or slightly less than) frequency of peak in line A A1 [2]
5 (a) amplitude of the carrier wave varies M1
in synchrony with displacement of the information/audio signal A1 [2]
(b) (i) 10 kHz A1 [1]
(ii) 5 kHz A1 [1]
(c) (i) 24 = 10 lg (PMIN / {5.0 × 10–13}) C1
PMIN = 1.3 (1.26) × 10–10 W A1 [2]
(ii) 45 × 2 = 10 lg ({500 × 10–3} / P)
P = 5.0 × 10–10 (W) M1
P > PMIN so yes A1
or
maximum attenuation calculated to be 96 (dB) (M1)

96 dB > 2 × 45 dB so yes (A1)
or
maximum length of wire calculated to be 48 (km) (M1)

actual length 45 km < 48 km so yes (A1)
or
maximum attenuation per unit length calculated to be 2.2 dB km–1 (M1)

2.2 dB km–1 > 2.0 dB km–1 so yes (A1) [2]
6 (a) lines perpendicular to surface

or
lines are radial M1
lines appear to come from centre A1 [2]
(b) (i) FE = (1.6 × 10–19)2 / 4πε0x2 C1
FG = G × (1.67 × 10–27)2 / x2 C1
FE / FG = (1.6 × 10–19)2 × (8.99 × 109) / [(1.67×10–27)2 × (6.67×10–11)]

= 1.2 (1.24) × 1036 A1 [3]
(ii) FE ≫ FG B1 [1]
7 (a) e.g. storing energy

blocking d.c.
in oscillator circuits
in tuning circuits
in timing circuits
any two B2 [2]
(b) (i) 1 / 6 + 1 / C + 1 / C = 1 / 4 C1
C = 24 µF A1 [2]
(ii) Q = CV
= 4.0 × 10–6 × 12 C1
= 48 µC A1 [2]
(iii) 1. 48 µC A1
2. 24 µC A1 [2]
8 (a) (i) gain = voltage output / voltage input B1 [1]
(ii) changes in VOUT M1

occur immediately when VIN changes A1
or
changes in VIN (M1)

result in immediate changes to VOUT (A1) [2]
(b) 12 = 1 + R / (1.5 × 103) C1
R = 16.5 kΩ A1 [2]
(c) straight line from (0,0) to (0.75t1, 9.0 V) B1
horizontal line from endpoint of straight line to t1 B1
+9 V to –9 V (or v.v.) at t1 B1
correct line to t2 B1 [4]
9 (a) (i) number density of charge carriers/free electrons

or
number per unit volume of charge carriers/free electrons B1 [1]
(ii) PX or QY or RZ B1 [1]
(b) (i) VH is inversely proportional to n B1
for semiconductors, n is (much) smaller than for metals B1 [2]
(ii) magnetic field would deflect holes and electrons in same direction B1
(because) electrons are (–)ve, holes are (+)ve M1
so VH has opposite polarity/opposite sign A1 [3]
10 (a) iron rod changes flux (density)/field B1
change of flux in coil Q causes induced e.m.f. B1 [2]
(b) constant reading (either polarity) from time zero to near t1 B1
spike in one direction near t1 clearly showing a larger voltage M1
of opposite polarity A1
zero reading from near t1 to t2 B1 [4]
11 (a) point P shown at ‘lower end’ of load B1 [1]
(b) Vr.m.s. = 6.0 / √2 = 4.24 V C1
Ir.m.s. = 4.24 / (2.4 × 103)

= 1.8 × 10–3 A A1 [2]
(c) (i) capacitor in parallel with load B1 [1]
(ii) line from peak to curve at 3.0 V for either half- or full-wave rectified M1
correct curvature on line (gradient becoming more shallow) A1
line drawn as for full-wave rectified A1 [3]
12 (a) (i) (X–ray) photon produced when electron/charged particle is

stopped/accelerated (suddenly) B1
range of accelerations (in target) M1
hence distribution of wavelengths A1 [3]
(ii) electron gives all its energy to one photon B1
electron stopped in single collision B1 [2]
(iii) de-excitation of (orbital) electrons in target/anode/metal B1 [1]
(b) (i) aluminium sheet/filter/foil (placed in beam from tube) B1 [1]
(ii) (long wavelength X-rays) do not pass through the body B1 [1]
13 (a) (photons of) electromagnetic radiation M1
emitted from nuclei A1 [2]
(b) line of best fit drawn B1
recognises µ as given by the gradient of best-fit line

or
ln C = ln C0 – µx B1
µ = 0.061 mm–1 (within ±0.004 mm–1, 1 mark; within ±0.002 mm–1, 2 marks) A2 [4]
(c) aluminium is less absorbing (than lead)

or
gradient of graph would be less M1
so µ is smaller A1 [2]

* 3 8 2 8 8 0 4 9 0 5 *
PHYSICS 9702/42
2 hours

This document consists of 24 printed pages.
DC (CW/JG) 127310/3
4
1 (a) Define gravitational field strength.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The mass of a spherical comet of radius 3.6 km is approximately 1.0 × 1013 kg.
(i) Assuming that the comet has constant density, calculate the gravitational field strength
on the surface of the comet.
field strength = ............................................... N kg–1 [2]
(ii) A probe having a weight of 960 N on Earth lands on the comet.

Using your answer in (i), determine the weight of the probe on the surface of the comet.
weight = ...................................................... N [2]
© UCLES 2017 9702/42/M/J/17
5
(c) A second comet has a length of approximately 4.5 km and a width of approximately 2.6 km. Its
outline is illustrated in Fig. 1.1.
Fig. 1.1
Suggest one similarity and one difference between the gravitational fields at the surface of
this comet and at the surface of the comet in (b).
similarity: ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
difference: .................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 7]

6
2 (a) The pressure p and volume V of an ideal gas are related to the density ρ of the gas by the
expression
1
p = ρ 〈c 2〉.
3
(i) State what is meant by the symbol 〈c 2〉.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Use the expression to show that the mean kinetic energy EK of a gas molecule is given
by
3
EK = kT
2
where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the thermodynamic temperature.
[3]
(b) (i) An ideal gas containing 1.0 mol of molecules is heated at constant volume.
Use the expression in (a)(ii) to show that the thermal energy required to raise the
3
temperature of the gas by 1.0 K has a value of R, where R is the molar gas constant.
2
[3]
© UCLES 2017 9702/42/M/J/17
7
(ii) Nitrogen may be assumed to be an ideal gas. The molar mass of nitrogen gas is 28 g mol–1.
Use the answer in (b)(i) to calculate a value for the specific heat capacity, in J kg–1 K–1, at
constant volume for nitrogen.
specific heat capacity = .......................................... J kg–1 K–1 [2]
[Total: 9]

8
3 A bar magnet of mass 250 g is suspended from the free end of a spring, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1.
spring
magnet
coil
Fig. 3.1
The magnet hangs so that one pole is near the centre of a coil of wire.
The coil is connected in series with a resistor and a switch. The switch is open.
The magnet is displaced vertically and then allowed to oscillate with one pole remaining inside the
coil. The other pole remains outside the coil.
At time t = 0, the magnet is oscillating freely as it passes through its equilibrium position. At time
t = 6.0 s, the switch in the circuit is closed.
© UCLES 2017 9702/42/M/J/17
9
The variation with time t of the vertical displacement y of the magnet is shown in Fig. 3.2.
2.0
1.5
y / cm
1.0
0.5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
t/s
–0.5
–1.0
–1.5
–2.0
Fig. 3.2
(a) For the oscillating magnet, use data from Fig. 3.2 to calculate, to two significant figures,
(i) the frequency f,
f = .................................................... Hz [2]
(ii) the energy of the oscillations during the time t = 0 to time t = 6.0 s.
energy = ....................................................... J [3]

10
(b) (i) State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Use Faraday’s law and energy conservation to explain why the amplitude of the
oscillations of the magnet reduces after time t = 6.0 s.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2017 9702/42/M/J/17
11
4 (a) Explain the main principles behind the use of ultrasound to obtain diagnostic information
about internal body structures.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]

12
(b) A parallel beam of ultrasound has intensity I0 as it enters a muscle of thickness 4.6 cm, as
4.6 cm
muscle
beam of I0 IT
ultrasound
Fig. 4.1
The intensity of the beam just before it leaves the muscle is IT.
The ratio I0 / IT is found to be 2.9.
Calculate the linear attenuation (absorption) coefficient μ of the ultrasound in the layer of
muscle.
μ = ................................................. cm–1 [3]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2017 9702/42/M/J/17
13
5 (a) State two advantages of the transmission of data in digital form rather than in analogue form.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) An analogue signal SI is converted into a digital signal D using an analogue-to-digital

converter (ADC). After transmission of the digital signal, it is converted back to an analogue
signal ST using a digital-to-analogue converter (DAC), as illustrated in Fig. 5.1.
analogue signal digital signal analogue signal

ADC DAC
SI D ST
Fig. 5.1
(i) Outline the process by which the ADC converts the analogue signal SI into the digital
signal D.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) The ADC and the DAC operate with the same sampling rate and the same number of
bits in each digital number.
State the effect on the transmitted analogue signal ST when, for the ADC and the DAC,
1. the sampling rate is increased,
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
2. the number of bits in each digital number is increased.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 6]

14
6 (a) State Coulomb’s law.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Two charged metal spheres A and B are situated in a vacuum, as illustrated in Fig. 6.1.
6.0 cm
sphere A sphere B
P
Fig. 6.1
The shortest distance between the surfaces of the spheres is 6.0 cm.
A movable point P lies along the line joining the centres of the two spheres, a distance x from
the surface of sphere A.
The variation with distance x of the electric field strength E at point P is shown in Fig. 6.2.
10
E / 103 V m–1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x / cm
–5
–10
–15
Fig. 6.2
© UCLES 2017 9702/42/M/J/17
15
(i) Use Fig. 6.2 to explain whether the two spheres have charges of the same, or opposite,
sign.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) A proton is at point P where x = 5.0 cm.

Use data from Fig. 6.2 to determine the acceleration of the proton.
acceleration = ................................................. m s–2 [3]
(c) Use data from Fig. 6.2 to state the value of x at which the rate of change of electric potential
is maximum. Give the reason for the value you have chosen.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 9]

16
7 A capacitor consists of two parallel metal plates, separated by an insulator, as shown in Fig. 7.1.
insulator
metal
plates
Fig. 7.1
(a) Suggest why, when the capacitor is connected across the terminals of a battery, the capacitor
stores energy, not charge.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Define the capacitance of the capacitor.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) The capacitor is charged so that the potential difference between its plates is V0.
The capacitor is then connected across a resistor for a short time. It is then disconnected.
1
The energy stored in the capacitor is reduced to of its initial value.
16
Determine, in terms of V0, the potential difference across the capacitor.
potential difference = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2017 9702/42/M/J/17
17
8 A student designs a circuit incorporating an operational amplifier (op-amp) as shown in Fig. 8.1.
+6 V
component C
X R
+5 V
–
+
Y R –5 V B G
RV
0V
Fig. 8.1
(a) (i) On Fig. 8.1, draw a circle around the output device. [1]
(ii) State the purpose of this circuit.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) The resistors X and Y each have resistance R.

When conducting, the LED labelled B emits blue light and the LED labelled G emits green
light.
(i) State whether blue light or green light is emitted when the resistance of component C is
greater than the resistance RV of the variable resistor. Explain your answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]

18
(ii) State and explain what is observed as the resistance of component C is reduced.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(c) Suggest the function of the variable resistor.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2017 9702/42/M/J/17
19
9 A Hall probe is placed near to one end of a current-carrying solenoid, as shown in Fig. 9.1.
solenoid
Hall probe
Fig. 9.1
The probe is rotated about the axis XY and is then held in a position so that the Hall voltage is
maximum.
(a) Explain why
(i) a Hall probe is made from a thin slice of material,
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) in order for consistent measurements of magnetic flux density to be made, the current in
the probe must be constant.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]

20
(b) The probe is now rotated through an angle of 360° about the axis XY.
At angle θ = 0, the Hall voltage VH has maximum value VMAX.
On Fig. 9.2, sketch the variation with angle θ of the Hall voltage VH for one complete revolution
of the probe about axis XY.
V MAX
VH
0
0 90 180 270 360
θ /°
Fig. 9.2
[3]
[Total: 6]
10 (a) Briefly describe two phenomena associated with the photoelectric effect that cannot be
explained using a wave theory of light.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) The maximum energy EMAX of electrons emitted from a metal surface when illuminated by
light of wavelength λ is given by the expression
EMAX = hc ( 1λ – λ1 )
0
where h is the Planck constant and c is the speed of light.
(i) Identify the symbol λ0.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
© UCLES 2017 9702/42/M/J/17
21
1
(ii) The variation with of EMAX for the metal surface is shown in Fig. 10.1.
λ
4
EMAX / 10–19 J
0
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
1 6 –1
λ / 10 m
Fig. 10.1
1. Use Fig. 10.1 to determine the magnitude of λ0.
λ0 = ...................................................... m [1]
2. Use the gradient of Fig. 10.1 to determine a value for the Planck constant h.
h = ..................................................... J s [3]
(c) The metal surface in (b) becomes oxidised.

Photoelectric emission is still observed but the work function energy is increased.
1
On Fig. 10.1, draw a line to show the variation with of EMAX for the oxidised surface. [2]
λ
[Total: 9]

22
11 An electron has charge –q and mass m. It is accelerated from rest in a vacuum through a potential
difference V.
(a) Show that the momentum p of the accelerated electron is given by
p = (2mqV) .
[2]
(b) The potential difference V through which the electron is accelerated is 120 V.
(i) State what is meant by the de Broglie wavelength.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of the electron.
wavelength = ...................................................... m [3]
(c) The separation of copper atoms in a copper crystal is approximately 2 × 10–10 m.
By reference to your answer in (b)(ii), suggest whether electron diffraction could be observed
using a beam of electrons that have been accelerated through a potential difference of 120 V
and are then incident on a thin copper crystal.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2017 9702/42/M/J/17
23
12 One nuclear reaction that can take place in a nuclear reactor may be represented, in part, by the
equation
235 1 95 139
92 U + 0n 42 Mo + 57 La + 210 n + …………. + energy
Data for a nucleus and some particles are given in Fig. 12.1.
nucleus or particle mass / u

139
57 La 138.955
1
0n 1.00863
1
1p 1.00728
0
–1 e 5.49 × 10–4
Fig. 12.1
(a) Complete the nuclear reaction shown above. [1]
(b) (i) Show that the energy equivalent to 1.00 u is 934 MeV.
[3]
(ii) Calculate the binding energy per nucleon, in MeV, of lanthanum-139 ( 139
57 La).
binding energy per nucleon = ................................................ MeV [3]
Question 12 continues on the next page.

24
(c) State and explain whether the binding energy per nucleon of uranium-235 ( 235
92 U) will be
greater, equal to or less than your answer in (b)(ii).
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
[Total: 10]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
© UCLES 2017 9702/42/M/J/17
9702/42 T-RESOURCE,38-H,PHASE-1,DHA,lhr....137 of 222....call03-234567800
Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2017
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks
1(a) force per unit mass B1
1(b)(i) g = GM / r 2 C1
= (6.67 ×10–11 × 1.0 × 1013) / (3.6 × 103)2
= 5.1 × 10–5 N kg–1 A1
1(b)(ii) mass = (960 / 9.81) kg C1
weight on comet = (960 / 9.81) × 5.1 ×10–5
= 5.0 × 10–3 N A1
1(c) similarity: e.g. both attractive/pointed towards the comet B1

e.g. same order of magnitude
difference: e.g. radial/non-radial B1

e.g. same (over surface)/varies (over surface)
© UCLES 2017 Page 2 of 13
PUBLISHED
2(a)(i) mean/average square speed/velocity B1
2(a)(ii) pV = NkT or pV = nRT B1
ρ = Nm / V B1
or
ρ = nNAm / V and k = nR / N
EK = ½ m〈c2〉 with algebra to (3 / 2)kT B1
2(b)(i) no (external) work done or ∆U = q or w = 0 B1
q = NA × (3 / 2)k × 1.0 M1
NAk = R so q = (3 / 2)R A1
2(b)(ii) specific heat capacity = {(3 / 2) × R} / 0.028 C1
= 450 J kg–1 K–1 A1
PUBLISHED
3(a)(i) e.g. period = 6 / 2.5 C1
frequency = 0.42 Hz A1
3(a)(ii) energy = ½ m × 4π2f 2y02 C1
= ½ × 0.25 × 4π2 × 0.422 × (1.5 × 10–2)2 C1
= 2.0 × 10–4 J A1
3(b)(i) (induced) e.m.f. proportional to rate of M1
change of magnetic flux (linkage) A1

or
cutting of magnetic flux
3(b)(ii) coil cuts flux/field (of moving magnet) inducing e.m.f. in coil B1
(induced) current in resistor causes heating (effect) M1
thermal energy/heat derived from energy of oscillations (of magnet) A1
PUBLISHED
4(a) pulse (of ultrasound) B1
* produced by quartz crystal/piezo-electric crystal
* gel/coupling medium (on skin) used to reduce reflection at skin
reflected from boundaries (between media) B1
reflected pulse/wave detected by (ultrasound) transmitter B1
reflected wave processed and displayed B1
* intensity of reflected pulse/wave gives information about boundary
* time delay gives information about depth of boundary
max. 2 of additional detail points marked * B2
4(b) IT = I0 exp (–µx) C1
2.9 = exp (4.6µ) C1
µ = 0.23 cm–1 A1
PUBLISHED
5(a) any two reasonable suggestions e.g. B2

• signal can be regenerated/noise removed (not “no noise”)
• circuits more reliable
• circuits cheaper to produce
• multiplexing (is possible)
• error correction/checking
• easier encryption/better security
5(b)(i) samples the analogue signal M1
at regular intervals and converts it (to a digital number) A1
5(b)(ii) 1. smaller step depth B1
2. smaller step height B1
PUBLISHED
6(a) force proportional to product of charges and inversely proportional to the square of the separation M1
reference to point charges A1
6(b)(i) (near to each sphere,) fields are in opposite directions M1

or
point (between spheres) where fields are equal and opposite
or
point (between spheres) where field strength is zero
so same (sign of charge) A1
6(b)(ii) (at x = 5.0 cm,) E = 3.0 × 103 V m–1 and a = qE / m C1
E = (1.60 × 10–19 × 3.0 × 103) / (1.67 × 10–27) C1
= 2.9 × 1011 m s–2 A1
6(c) field strength or E is potential gradient M1

or
field strength is rate of change of (electric) potential
(field strength) maximum at x = 6 cm A1
PUBLISHED
7(a) equal and opposite charges on the plates so no resultant charge B1
+ve and –ve charges separated so energy stored B1
7(b) charge / potential difference M1
reference to charge on one plate and p.d. between plates A1
7(c) energy = ½ CV2 C1

or
energy = ½ QV and C = Q / V
(1 / 16) × ½ CV02 = ½ CV2 A1
V = ¼ V0
PUBLISHED
8(a)(i) circle around both diodes B1
8(a)(ii) indicates (whether) temperature M1
(is) above or below a set value A1
8(b)(i) (when resistance of C > RV,) V– > V+ or V+ < 3 V M1

or
p.d. across RV < p.d. across R/Y/3 V
or
p.d. across C > p.d. across R/ X/3 V
op-amp output is negative M1
(only) green A1
8(b)(ii) resistance of C becomes less than RV B1

or
V– < V+
green (LED) goes out A1
blue (LED) comes on A1
8(c) changes/determines temperature at which LEDs switch B1
PUBLISHED
9(a)(i) Hall voltage depends on thickness of slice C1
thinner slice, larger Hall voltage A1
9(a)(ii) Hall voltage depends on current in slice B1
9(b) sinusoidal wave, one cycle B1
at θ = 0 and at θ = 360°, VH = VMAX B1
at θ = 180°, VH = –VMAX B1
PUBLISHED
10(a) two from: B2

• frequency below which electrons not ejected
• maximum energy of electron depends on frequency
• maximum energy of electrons does not depend on intensity
• instantaneous emission of electrons
10(b)(i) (λ0 is the) threshold wavelength B1

or
wavelength corresponding to threshold frequency
or
maximum wavelength for emission of electrons
10(b)(ii)1. intercept = 1 / λ0 = 2.2 × 106 m–1 A1
λ0 = 4.5 × 10–7 m or 450 nm
10(b)(ii)2. gradient = hc C1
gradient = 2.0 × 10–25 or correct substitution into gradient formula C1
h = (2.0 × 10–25) / (3.0 × 108) = 6.7 × 10–34 J s A1
10(c) line: same gradient B1
straight line, positive gradient, intercept at greater than 2.2 × 106 when candidate’s line extrapolated B1
PUBLISHED
11(a) loss of (electric) potential energy = gain in kinetic energy B1

or
qV = ½ mv2
or
EK = p2 / 2m = qV
p = mv with algebra leading to p = √(2mqV) B1
11(b)(i) particle/electron has a wavelength (associated with it) B1
dependent on its momentum B1

or
when/because particle is moving
11(b)(ii) p = (2 × 9.11 × 10–31 × 1.60 × 10–19 × 120)1/2 C1
λ = (6.63 × 10–34) / (5.91 × 10–24) C1
= 1.12 × 10–10 m A1
11(c) wavelength is similar to separation of atoms M1
so diffraction observed A1
PUBLISHED
12(a) 7 −01 e A1
12(b)(i) E = mc2 C1
= 1.66 × 10–27 × (3.00 × 108)2 M1
= 1.494 × 10–10 J A1
division by 1.60 × 10–13 clear to give 934 MeV
12(b)(ii) ∆m = (82 × 1.00863u) + (57 × 1.00728u) – 138.955u C1
= (–) 1.16762 (u)
energy = 1.16762 × 934 C1
energy per nucleon = (1.16762 × 934) / 139 A1
= 7.85 MeV
12(c) above A = 56, binding energy per nucleon decreases as A increases B1
U-235 has larger nucleon number M1
so less (binding energy per nucleon) A1
or
fission takes place with uranium (B1)
fission reaction releases energy (M1)
binding energy per nucleon less (for uranium than for products) (A1)

* 4 1 6 1 7 1 5 4 9 5 *
PHYSICS 9702/42
2 hours

DC (KN/SG) 144290/4
5
1 (a) (i) A gravitational field may be represented by lines of gravitational force.

State what is meant by a line of gravitational force.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) By reference to lines of gravitational force near to the surface of the Earth, explain why
the gravitational field strength g close to the Earth’s surface is approximately constant.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) The Moon may be considered to be a uniform sphere of diameter 3.4 × 103 km and mass
7.4 × 1022 kg. The Moon has no atmosphere.
During a collision of the Moon with a meteorite, a rock is thrown vertically up from the surface
of the Moon with a speed of 2.8 km s–1.
Assuming that the Moon is isolated in space, determine whether the rock will travel out into
distant space or return to the Moon’s surface.
[4]
[Total: 8]

6
2 (a) Use one of the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases to explain why the potential energy
of the molecules of an ideal gas is zero.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The average translational kinetic energy EK of a molecule of an ideal gas is given by the
expression
1 3
EK = m 〈c 2〉 = kT
2 2
where m is the mass of a molecule and k is the Boltzmann constant.
State the meaning of the symbol
(i) 〈c 2〉,
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) T.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) A cylinder of constant volume 4.7 × 104 cm3 contains an ideal gas at pressure 2.6 × 105 Pa
and temperature 173 °C.
The gas is heated. The thermal energy transferred to the gas is 2900 J. The final temperature
and pressure of the gas are T and p, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1.
4.7 × 104 cm3 2900 J 4.7 × 104 cm3

2.6 × 105 Pa p
173 °C T
Fig. 2.1
(i) Calculate
1. the number N of molecules in the cylinder,
N = ...........................................................[3]
© UCLES 2018 9702/42/M/J/18
7
2. the increase in average kinetic energy of a molecule during the heating process.
increase = ....................................................... J [1]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) part 2 to determine the final temperature T, in kelvin, of the gas in
the cylinder.
T = ....................................................... K [3]
[Total: 10]

8
3 (a) During melting, a solid becomes liquid with little or no change in volume.
Use kinetic theory to explain why, during the melting process, thermal energy is required
although there is no change in temperature.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) An aluminium can of mass 160 g contains a mass of 330 g of warm water at a temperature of
38 °C, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1.
ice
warm water
aluminium can
Fig. 3.1
A mass of 48 g of ice at –18 °C is taken from a freezer and put in to the water. The ice melts
and the final temperature of the can and its contents is 23 °C.
Data for the specific heat capacity c of aluminium, ice and water are given in Fig. 3.2.
c / J g–1 K–1
aluminium 0.910
ice 2.10
water 4.18
Fig. 3.2
© UCLES 2018 9702/42/M/J/18
9
Assuming no exchange of thermal energy with the surroundings,
(i) show that the loss in thermal energy of the can and the warm water is 2.3 × 104 J,
[2]
(ii) use the information in (i) to calculate a value L for the specific latent heat of fusion of ice.
L = .................................................. J g–1 [2]
[Total: 7]

10
4 (a) State two conditions necessary for a mass to be undergoing simple harmonic motion.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) A trolley of mass 950 g is held on a horizontal surface by means of two springs attached to
fixed points P and Q, as shown in Fig. 4.1.
trolley
mass 950 g
spring
P Q
Fig. 4.1
The springs, each having a spring constant k of 230 N m–1, are always extended.
The trolley is displaced along the line of the springs and then released.
The variation with time t of the displacement x of the trolley is shown in Fig. 4.2.
0
0 t1 t
Fig. 4.2
© UCLES 2018 9702/42/M/J/18
11
(i) 1. State and explain whether the oscillations of the trolley are heavily damped, critically
damped or lightly damped.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
2. Suggest the cause of the damping.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii) The acceleration a of the trolley of mass m may be assumed to be given by the expression
2k
a=–d nx .
m
1. Calculate the angular frequency ω of the oscillations of the trolley.
ω = ............................................... rad s–1 [3]
2. Determine the time t1 shown on Fig. 4.2.
t1 = ....................................................... s [2]
[Total: 10]

12
5 (a) In radio communication, the bandwidth of an FM transmission is greater than the bandwidth
of an AM transmission.
State
(i) what is meant by bandwidth,
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) one advantage and one disadvantage of a greater bandwidth.
advantage: ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
disadvantage: ....................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) A carrier wave has a frequency of 650 kHz and is measured to have an amplitude of 5.0 V.
The carrier wave is frequency modulated by a signal of frequency 10 kHz and amplitude 3.0 V.
The frequency deviation of the carrier wave is 8.0 kHz V–1.
Determine, for the frequency modulated carrier wave,
(i) the measured amplitude,
amplitude = ....................................................... V [1]
(ii) the maximum and the minimum frequencies,
maximum frequency = ........................................................ kHz
minimum frequency = ........................................................ kHz

[2]
© UCLES 2018 9702/42/M/J/18
13
(iii) the minimum time between a maximum and a minimum transmitted frequency.
time = ........................................................ s [1]
[Total: 7]

14
6 (a) Explain what is meant by the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) Three parallel plate capacitors each have a capacitance of 6.0 μF.
Draw circuit diagrams, one in each case, to show how the capacitors may be connected
together to give a combined capacitance of
(i) 9.0 μF,
[1]
(ii) 4.0 μF.
[1]
(c) Two capacitors of capacitances 3.0 μF and 2.0 μF are connected in series with a battery of
electromotive force (e.m.f.) 8.0 V, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
3.0 μF 2.0 μF
8.0 V
Fig. 6.1
© UCLES 2018 9702/42/M/J/18
15
(i) Calculate the combined capacitance of the capacitors.
capacitance = ..................................................... μF [1]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to determine, for the capacitor of capacitance 3.0 μF,
1. the charge on one plate of the capacitor,
charge = .......................................................... μC
2. the energy stored in the capacitor.
energy = ............................................................ J
[4]
[Total: 10]

16
7 (a) Negative feedback is often used in amplifiers.
State
(i) what is meant by negative feedback,
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) two effects of negative feedback on the gain of an amplifier.
1. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) An ideal operational amplifier (op-amp) is incorporated into the circuit shown in Fig. 7.1.
6400 Ω
+9.0 V
–
VIN –9.0 V VOUT

800 Ω
Fig. 7.1
(i) Calculate the gain G of the amplifier circuit.
G = ...........................................................[1]
© UCLES 2018 9702/42/M/J/18
17
(ii) Determine the output potential difference VOUT for an input potential difference VIN of
1. +0.60 V,
VOUT = ............................................................ V
2. –2.1 V.
VOUT = ............................................................ V
[2]
(iii) The gain of the amplifier shown in Fig. 7.1 is constant.
State one change that may be made to the circuit of Fig. 7.1 so that the amplifier circuit
monitors temperature with the gain decreasing as the temperature rises.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 8]

18
8 (a) Explain how a uniform magnetic field and a uniform electric field may be used as a velocity
selector for charged particles.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
© UCLES 2018 9702/42/M/J/18
19
(b) Particles having mass m and charge +1.6 × 10–19 C pass through a velocity selector.
They then enter a region of uniform magnetic field of magnetic flux density 94 mT with speed
3.4 × 104 m s–1, as shown in Fig. 8.1.
path of charged particle
velocity
selector
15.0 cm
uniform
magnetic field
into page
Fig. 8.1
The direction of the uniform magnetic field is into the page and normal to the direction in
which the particles are moving.
The particles are moving in a vacuum in a circular arc of diameter 15.0 cm.
Show that the mass of one of the particles is 20 u.
[4]
(c) On Fig. 8.1, sketch the path in the uniform magnetic field of a particle of mass 22 u having the
same charge and speed as the particle in (b). [2]
[Total: 9]

20
9 (a) State what is meant by the magnetic flux linkage of a coil.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) A coil of wire has 160 turns and diameter 2.4 cm. The coil is situated in a uniform magnetic
field of flux density 7.5 mT, as shown in Fig. 9.1.
magnetic field
flux density
7.5 mT 2.4 cm
coil
160 turns
Fig. 9.1
The direction of the magnetic field is along the axis of the coil.
The magnetic flux density is reduced to zero in a time of 0.15 s.
Show that the average e.m.f. induced in the coil is 3.6 mV.
[2]
© UCLES 2018 9702/42/M/J/18
21
(c) The magnetic flux density B in the coil in (b) is now varied with time t as shown in Fig. 9.2.
10
B / mT
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
t/s
–5
–10
Fig. 9.2
Use data in (b) to show, on Fig. 9.3, the variation with time t of the e.m.f. E induced in the coil.
E / mV 6
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
–2 t/s
–4
–6
–8
Fig. 9.3
[4]
[Total: 9]

23
10 (a) Describe the photoelectric effect.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Data for the work function energy Φ of two metals are shown in Fig. 10.1.
Φ/J
sodium 3.8 × 10–19
zinc 5.8 × 10–19
Fig. 10.1
Light of wavelength 420 nm is incident on the surface of each of the metals.
(i) State what is meant by a photon.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Calculate the energy of a photon of the incident light.
energy = ....................................................... J [2]
(iii) State whether photoelectric emission will occur from each of the metals.
sodium: ..............................................................................................................................
zinc: ...................................................................................................................................
[1]
[Total: 7]

24
11 (a) Describe the basic principles of CT scanning (computed tomography).
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[5]
© UCLES 2018 9702/42/M/J/18
25
(b) By reference to your answer in (a), suggest why
(i) CT scanning was not possible before fast computers with large memories were available,
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) the radiation dose for a CT scan is much larger than for an X-ray image of a leg bone.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 7]

26
12 (a) State what is meant by radioactive decay.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) An unstable nuclide P has decay constant λP and decays to form a nuclide D.
This nuclide D is unstable and decays with decay constant λD to form a stable nuclide S. The
decay chain is illustrated in Fig. 12.1.
decay constant decay constant

λP λD
nuclide P nuclide D nuclide S
Fig. 12.1
The symbols P, D and S are not the nuclide symbols.
Initially, a radioactive sample contains only nuclide P.
The variation with time t of the number of nuclei of each of the three nuclides in the sample is
shown in Fig. 12.2.
number
0
0 t
Fig. 12.2
© UCLES 2018 9702/42/M/J/18
27
(i) On Fig. 12.2, use the symbols P, D and S to identify the curve for each of the three
nuclides. [2]
(ii) The half-life of nuclide P is 60.0 minutes.
Calculate the decay constant λP, in s–1, of this nuclide.
λP = ..................................................... s–1 [2]
(c) In the decay chain shown in Fig. 12.1, λP is approximately equal to 5λD.
The decay chain of a different nuclide E is illustrated in Fig. 12.3.
decay constant decay constant

λE λF
nuclide E nuclide F nuclide G
Fig. 12.3
The decay constant λF of nuclide F is very much larger than the decay constant λE of
nuclide E.
By reference to the half-life of nuclide F, explain why the number of nuclei of nuclide F in the
sample is always small.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2018 9702/42/M/J/18
9702/42
PUBLISHED
1(a)(i) direction of force on a (small test) mass B1

or
path in which a (small test) mass will move
1(a)(ii) (at surface,) lines (of force) are radial B1
Earth has large radius/height above surface is small B1

so lines are (approximately) parallel
parallel lines → constant field strength B1
1(b) (change in) KE of rock = (change in) PE C1

or
½mv2 = GMm / R
(m)v2 = (m)(2 × 6.67 × 10–11 × 7.4 × 1022) / (1.7 × 103 × 103) C1
v = 2.4 × 103 m s–1 A1
correct conclusion based on comparison of v with 2.8 km s–1 B1
or
(change in) KE of rock = (change in) PE (C1)
(at infinity) EP = (6.67 × 10–11 × 7.4 × 1022 × m) / (1.7 × 103 × 103) (C1)
= 2.9 × 106 m
EK of rock = ½ × m × (2.8 × 103)2 = 3.9 × 106 m (A1)
correct conclusion based on comparison of EK and EP values (B1)
or
9702/42
PUBLISHED

or
½mv2 = GMm / R
(m) (2800)2 = (m) (2 × 6.67 × 10–11 × 7.4 × 1022) / R (C1)
R = 1.3 × 103 km (A1)
correct conclusion based on comparison of R with 1.7 × 103 km (B1)
or

or
½mv 2 = GMm / R
(m) (2800)2 = (m) (2 × 6.67 × 10–11 × M) / (1.7 × 106) (C1)
M = 1.0 × 1023 kg (A1)
correct conclusion based on comparison of M with 7.4 × 1022 kg (B1)
9702/42
PUBLISHED
2(a) no intermolecular forces (so no potential energy) B1
2(b)(i) mean square speed (of molecule(s)) B1
2(b)(ii) kelvin/thermodynamic/absolute temperature B1
2(c)(i)1. pV = NkT C1
4.7 × 10–2 × 2.6 × 105 = N × 1.38 × 10–23 × 446 C1
or
pV = nRT and N = nNA (C1)
4.7 × 10–2 × 2.6 × 105 = n × 8.31 × 446
n = 3.3 (mol)
N = 3.3 × 6.02 × 1023 (C1)
N = 2.0 × 1024 A1
2(c)(i)2. average increase = 2900 / (2.0 × 1024) A1
= 1.5 × 10–21 J
2(c)(ii) ∆EK = (3/2)k (∆)T C1
1.5 × 10–21 = (3/2) × 1.38 × 10–23 × (∆)T
(∆)T in range 70–72 K C1
T = 173 + 273 + 70 A1
= 520 K
9702/42
PUBLISHED
3(a) (during melting,) bonds between atoms/molecules are broken B1
potential energy of atoms/molecules is increased B1
no/little work done so required input of energy is thermal B1
3(b)(i) (∆Q =) mc∆θ C1
loss = (160 × 0.910 × 15) + (330 × 4.18 × 15) A1
= 2.3 × 104 J
3(b)(ii) 2.3 × 104 = (48 × 2.10 × 18) + 48L + (48 × 4.18 × 23) C1
48L = 1.66 × 104 A1
L = 350 J g–1
9702/42
PUBLISHED
4(a) acceleration proportional to displacement B1
acceleration directed towards fixed point B1

or
displacement and acceleration in opposite directions
4(b)(i) 1. amplitude decreases gradually so light damping B1

or
oscillations continue so light damping
2. loss of energy B1
due to friction in wheels B1

or
due to friction between wheels and surface (during slipping)
or
due to air resistance (on trolley)
4(b)(ii)1. ω2 = 2k / m C1
= (2 × 230) / 0.950 C1
ω = 22 rad s–1 A1
4(b)(ii)2. T = 2π / ω C1
T = (2π / 22) = 0.286 s A1
time = 1.5T
= 0.43 s
9702/42
PUBLISHED
5(a)(i) range of frequencies (of signal) B1
5(a)(ii) advantage: e.g. better quality (of reproduction) B1

greater rate of transfer of data
less distortion
disadvantage: e.g. fewer stations (in any frequency range) B1
5(b)(i) 5.0 V A1
5(b)(ii) maximum: 674 kHz A1
minimum: 626 kHz A1
5(b)(iii) T = 1 / (10 × 103) = 1.0 × 10–4 s A1
minimum time = T / 2
= 5.0 × 10–5 s
9702/42
PUBLISHED
6(a) capacitance = charge / potential M1
charge is (numerically equal to) charge on one plate A1
potential is potential difference between plates A1
6(b)(i) two in series, in parallel with the other (correct symbols) A1
6(b)(ii) two in parallel connected to one in series (correct symbols) A1
6(c)(i) capacitance = 1.2 µF A1
6(c)(ii) 1. Q = CV C1
= 1.2 × 8.0 A1
= 9.6 µC
2. E = ½QV and V = Q / C C1
or
E = ½CV2 and V = Q / C
or
E = ½Q2 / C
E = ½ (9.6 × 10–6)2 / (3.0 × 10–6) A1
= 1.5 × 10–5 J
9702/42
PUBLISHED
7(a)(i) (fraction of) output is combined with the input M1
output (fraction) subtracted/deducted from input A1
7(a)(ii) Any two valid points e.g. B2

• greater bandwidth/gain constant over a larger range of frequencies
• smaller gain
7(b)(i) gain = 1 + (6400 / 800) A1
= 9.0
7(b)(ii) 1. (+)5.4 V A1
2. –9.0 V A1
7(b)(iii) replace the 6400 Ω resistor with a thermistor B1
9702/42
PUBLISHED
8(a) electric and magnetic fields at right-angles to one another (may be shown on a clearly labelled diagram) B1
particle enters fields (with velocity) normal to the (two) fields (may be shown on a clearly labelled diagram) B1
no deviation for particles with selected velocity B1
8(b) magnetic force equals/is the centripetal force C1
Bqv = mv2 / r C1
M = Bqr / v M1
= (94 × 10–3 × 1.6 × 10–19 × 0.075) / (3.4 × 104)
division by 1.66 × 10–27 shown, to give m = 20 u A1
8(c) sketch: semicircle clear (in same direction) B1
with larger radius B1
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9(a) (magnetic) flux density × area B1
magnetic flux density normal to area B1

or
reference to cross-sectional area
or
× sin (angle between B and A)
× number of turns on coil B1
9(b) e.m.f. = BAN / t C1

or
e.m.f = rate of change of flux linkage
= (7.5 × 10–3 × π × {1.2 × 10–2}2 × 160) / 0.15 A1
= 3.6 × 10–3 V
9(c) sketch: zero for 0–0.10 s, 0.25–0.35 s, and 0.425–0.55 s, and non-zero outside these ranges B1
two horizontal steps, with zero voltage either side B1
with same polarity B1
correct values (1st step 3.6 mV and 2nd step 7.2 mV) B1
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10(a) emission of electron B1
when electromagnetic radiation incident (on surface) B1
10(b)(i) packet/quantum/discrete amount of energy M1
of electromagnetic radiation A1
10(b)(ii) E = hc / λ C1
= (6.63 × 10–34 × 3.00 × 108) / (420 × 10–9) A1
= 4.7 × 10–19 J
10(b)(iii) sodium: yes B1
zinc: no
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11(a) X-ray image(s) taken of one slice M1
(many images) taken from different angles A1
(computer) produces 2D image of slice B1
(this is) repeated for (many) slices M1
to build up a 3D image (of structure) A1
11(b)(i) combining of images involves (very) large number of calculations B1
11(b)(ii) CT scan consists of (very) many (single X-ray) images B1
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12(a) emission of particles/radiation by unstable nucleus B1
spontaneous emission B1
12(b)(i) P – the curve that starts with a high number B2

D – the curve with the peak
S – the curve that increases from zero throughout
(one correct 1 mark, all three correct 2 marks)
12(b)(ii) λt½ = 0.693 C1
λ = 0.693 / (60.0 × 60)
= 1.93 × 10–4 s–1 A1
12(c) half-life of F is much shorter than half-life of E B1
nuclei of F decay (almost) as soon as they are produced B1
Cambridge Assessment International Education

* 9 3 1 8 5 4 1 2 3 7 *
PHYSICS 9702/42
2 hours
Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.

DC (LEG/TP) 162132/3
4
1 (a) Two point masses are separated by a distance x in a vacuum.

State an expression for the force F between the two masses M and m.
State the name of any other symbol used.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) A small sphere S is attached to one end of a rod, as shown in Fig. 1.1.
thread
rod
small sphere S
8.0 cm
view from side
The rod hangs from a vertical thread and is horizontal.

The distance from the centre of sphere S to the thread is 8.0 cm.
A large sphere L is placed near to sphere S, as shown in Fig. 1.2.
large sphere L
initial position
of rod
6.0 cm
final position
of rod θ
1.2 mm
small sphere S
8.0 cm
thread
view from above
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5
There is a force of attraction between spheres S and L, causing sphere S to move through a
distance of 1.2 mm.
The line joining the centres of S and L is normal to the rod.
(i) Show that the angle θ through which the rod rotates is 1.5 × 10–2 rad.
[1]
(ii) The rotation of the rod causes the thread to twist.

The torque T (in N m) required to twist the thread through an angle β (in rad) is given by
T = 9.3 × 10–10 × β.
Calculate the torque in the thread when sphere L is positioned as shown in Fig. 1.2.
torque = .................................................. N m [1]
(c) The distance between the centres of spheres S and L is 6.0 cm.
The mass of sphere S is 7.5 g and the mass of sphere L is 1.3 kg.
(i) By equating the torque in (b)(ii) to the moment about the thread produced by gravitational
attraction between the spheres, calculate a value for the gravitational constant.
gravitational constant = ............................................... N m2 kg–2 [3]

6
(ii) Suggest why the total force between the spheres may not be equal to the force calculated
using Newton’s law of gravitation.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 7]
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7
2 (a) The first law of thermodynamics may be expressed in the form
ΔU = q + w.
(i) State, for a system, what is meant by:
1. +q
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2. +w.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) State what is represented by a negative value of ΔU.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]

8
(b) An ideal gas, sealed in a container, undergoes the cycle of changes shown in Fig. 2.1.
7.0
B 8.7 × 10–4 m3
6.6 × 105 Pa
450 K
6.0
pressure
/ 105 Pa
5.0
4.0
2.4 × 10–3 m3
3.0 1.6 × 105 Pa
8.7 × 10–4 m3 300 K
1.6 × 105 Pa
110 K
2.0
C A
1.0
0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50
volume / 10–3 m3
Fig. 2.1
At point A, the gas has volume 2.4 × 10–3 m3, pressure 1.6 × 105 Pa and temperature 300 K.
The gas is compressed suddenly so that no thermal energy enters or leaves the gas during
the compression. The amount of work done is 480 J so that, at point B, the gas has volume
8.7 × 10–4 m3, pressure 6.6 × 105 Pa and temperature 450 K.
The gas is now cooled at constant volume so that, between points B and C, 1100 J of thermal
energy is transferred. At point C, the gas has pressure 1.6 × 105 Pa and temperature 110 K.
Finally, the gas is returned to point A.
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(i) State and explain the total change in internal energy of the gas for one complete
cycle ABCA.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Calculate the external work done on the gas during the expansion from point C to
point A.
work done = ...................................................... J [2]
(iii) Complete Fig. 2.2 for the changes from:
1. point A to point B
2. point B to point C
3. point C to point A.
change +q / J +w / J ΔU / J
A B .................... .................... ....................
B C .................... .................... ....................
C A .................... .................... ....................
Fig. 2.2
[4]
[Total: 11]

10
3 A spring is hung vertically from a fixed point. A mass M is hung from the other end of the spring, as
spring
mass M
Fig. 3.1
The mass is displaced downwards and then released. The subsequent motion of the mass is
simple harmonic.
The variation with time t of the length L of the spring is shown in Fig. 3.2.
16
L / cm
14
12
10
8
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
t/s
Fig. 3.2
(a) State:
(i) one time at which the mass is moving with maximum speed
time = ..................................................... s [1]
(ii) one time at which the spring has maximum elastic potential energy.
time = ...................................................... s [1]
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(b) Use data from Fig. 3.2 to determine, for the motion of the mass:
(i) the angular frequency ω
ω = .............................................. rad s–1 [2]
(ii) the maximum speed
maximum speed = ................................................ m s–1 [2]
(iii) the magnitude of the maximum acceleration.
maximum acceleration = ................................................ m s–2 [2]

12
(c) The mass M is now suspended from two springs, each identical to that in Fig. 3.1, as shown
in Fig. 3.3.
mass M
Fig. 3.3
Suggest and explain the change, if any, in the period of oscillation of the mass. A numerical
answer is not required.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 10]
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4 (a) State what is meant by the specific acoustic impedance of a medium.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) A parallel beam of ultrasound of intensity I0 is incident on the boundary between two media
A and B, as illustrated in Fig. 4.1.
medium A medium B
specific acoustic impedance ZA specific acoustic impedance ZB
incident transmitted
intensity I0 intensity IT
Fig. 4.1
The two media A and B have specific acoustic impedances ZA and ZB respectively.
The intensity of the beam transmitted through the boundary is IT.
State how the ratio

intensity IT of transmitted beam
intensity I0 of incident beam
depends on the relative magnitudes of ZA and ZB.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) The linear absorption (attenuation) coefficient μ of medium B is 23 m–1.
Calculate the thickness of medium B required to reduce the intensity of the ultrasound beam
to 34% of its initial intensity in medium B.
thickness = ..................................................... m [3]
[Total: 7]
14
5 (a) For a signal transmitted along an optic fibre, state what is meant by:
(i) attenuation
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) noise.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) The initial section of the transmission line for a signal from a telephone exchange is illustrated
in Fig. 5.1.
52 km
exchange amplifier
gain 115 dB
Fig. 5.1
At the exchange, the input signal to the transmission line has a power of 2.5 × 10–3 W.
After the signal has travelled a distance of 52 km along the transmission line, the power of the
signal is 7.8 × 10–16 W. The signal is then amplified.
(i) Calculate the attenuation per unit length, in dB km–1, in the transmission line.
attenuation per unit length = ........................................... dB km–1 [3]
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(ii) The gain of the amplifier is 115 dB.
Calculate the power of the signal at the output of the amplifier.
power = ..................................................... W [2]
[Total: 8]

16
6 (a) State what is meant by electric potential at a point.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Two parallel metal plates A and B are held a distance d apart in a vacuum, as illustrated
in Fig. 6.1.
plate B
+V0
x
P
d
0V
plate A
Fig. 6.1
Plate A is earthed and plate B is at a potential of +V0.
Point P is situated in the centre region between the plates at a distance x from plate B.
The potential at point P is V.
On Fig. 6.2, show the variation with x of the potential V for values of x from x = 0 to
x = d.
+V0
potential
V
0
0 d
distance x
Fig. 6.2
[3]
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(c) Two isolated solid metal spheres M and N, each of radius R, are situated in a vacuum. Their
centres are a distance D apart, as illustrated in Fig. 6.3.
sphere M sphere N
charge +Q charge +Q
P
R R
Fig. 6.3
Each sphere has charge +Q.
Point P lies on the line joining the centres of the two spheres, and is a distance y from the
centre of sphere M.
On Fig. 6.4, show the variation with distance y of the electric potential at point P, for values of
y from y = 0 to y = D.
potential
0
0 R (D – R) D
y
Fig. 6.4
[4]
[Total: 9]

18
7 (a) Use band theory to explain why the resistance of an intrinsic semiconductor decreases as its
temperature rises.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[5]
(b) The variation with temperature t of the resistance R of a thermistor is shown in Fig. 7.1.
3.5
3.0
R / kΩ
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
t / °C
Fig. 7.1
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The thermistor is connected into the circuit shown in Fig. 7.2.
12.0 kΩ
9.00 V A
Fig. 7.2
The battery has electromotive force (e.m.f.) 9.00 V and negligible internal resistance.
When the temperature of the thermistor is 25 °C, the potential difference between the
terminals A and B is 1.00 V.
The temperature of the thermistor changes from 25 °C to 10 °C.

Determine, to two significant figures, the change in potential difference between A and B.
change = ...................................................... V [3]
(c) The temperature of the thermistor in (b) changes from 25 °C to 10 °C at a constant rate.
State two reasons why the potential difference between A and B does not change at a
constant rate.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 10]

20
8 An electron is travelling in a vacuum at a speed of 3.4 × 107 m s–1. The electron enters a region of
uniform magnetic field of flux density 3.2 mT, as illustrated in Fig. 8.1.
region of uniform
magnetic flux
density 3.2 mT
30°
electron
speed 3.4 × 107 m s–1
Fig. 8.1
The initial direction of the electron is at an angle of 30° to the direction of the magnetic field.
(a) When the electron enters the magnetic field, the component of its velocity vN normal to the
direction of the magnetic field causes the electron to begin to follow a circular path.
Calculate:
(i) vN
vN = ................................................ m s–1 [1]
(ii) the radius of this circular path.
radius = ..................................................... m [3]
(b) State the magnitude of the force, if any, on the electron in the magnetic field due to the
component of its velocity along the direction of the field.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
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(c) Use information from (a) and (b) to describe the resultant path of the electron in the magnetic
field.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 6]

22
9 Part of a circuit incorporating an operational amplifier (op-amp) is shown in Fig. 9.1.
device +5 V
–
4.5 V +
–5 V
Fig. 9.1
(a) A relay is connected to the output of the op-amp circuit so that a lamp may be switched on
or off.
(i) Complete Fig. 9.1 to show the relay connected into the circuit. [2]
(ii) State and explain whether the output of the op-amp is positive or negative for the lamp to
be switched on.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) State the device in Fig. 9.1 that could be used so that the circuit indicates a change in:
(i) the bending of a rod
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) the level of daylight to switch on a street light.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 6]
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10 (a) State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) An ideal transformer is illustrated in Fig. 10.1.
soft-iron
core
E load
resistor
primary coil secondary coil

2700 turns 450 turns
Fig. 10.1
Explain why, when there is an alternating current in the primary coil, there is a current in the
load resistor.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]

24
(c) The primary coil in (b) has 2700 turns. The secondary coil has 450 turns.
The e.m.f. E applied across the primary coil is given by the expression
E = 220 sin(100πt )
where E is measured in volts and t is the time in seconds.
Calculate the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) e.m.f. induced in the secondary coil.
r.m.s. e.m.f. = ...................................................... V [3]
[Total: 8]
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11 (a) State what is meant by a photon.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) A stationary cobalt-60 (60

27Co) nucleus emits a γ-ray photon of energy 1.18 MeV.
(i) Calculate the wavelength of the photon.
wavelength = ..................................................... m [2]
(ii) Show that the momentum of the photon is 6.3 × 10–22 N s.
[2]
(c) Use information in (b)(ii) to determine the recoil speed of the cobalt-60 nucleus when the
γ-ray photon is emitted.
speed = ................................................ m s–1 [2]
[Total: 8]

26
12 (a) State what is meant by the binding energy of a nucleus.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Some masses are shown in Fig. 12.1.
mass / u
proton (11p) 1.007
neutron (10n) 1.009
lanthanum-141 (141
57La) nucleus 140.911
Fig. 12.1
Calculate the binding energy of a nucleus of lanthanum-141.
binding energy = ....................................................... J [4]
(c) The nuclide lanthanum-141 (141

57La) has a half-life of 3.9 hours.
Initially, a radioactive source contains only lanthanum-141. The initial activity of the source
is A0.
(i) Calculate the time for the activity of the lanthanum-141 to be reduced to 0.40A0.
time = .............................................. hours [3]
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(ii) Suggest why the total activity of the radioactive source measured at the time calculated
in (i) may be greater than 0.40A0.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 10]
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1(a) (F =) GMm / x2, where G is the (universal) gravitational constant B1
1(b)(i) angle = (1.2 × 10–3) / (8.0 × 10–2) = 1.5 × 10–2 (rad) B1
1(b)(ii) torque = 1.5 × 10–2 × 9.3 × 10–10 A1
= 1.4 × 10–11 N m
1(c)(i) force × 8.0 × 10–2 = 1.4 × 10–11 C1
(G × 1.3 × 7.5 × 10–3 × 8.0 × 10–2) / (6.0 × 10–2)2 = 1.4 × 10–11 C1
G = 6.4 × 10–11 N m2 kg–2 A1
1(c)(ii) Any one from: B1

• law applies only to point masses/spheres are not point masses
• radii of spheres not small compared with separation
• spheres may not be uniform
• the masses are not isolated
• force between L and rod
• spheres may be charged/may be electrostatic force (between spheres)
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2(a)(i) 1. energy transfer to the system by heating B1
2. (external) work done on the system B1
2(a)(ii) decrease in internal energy B1
2(b)(i) no change (in internal energy) B1
(because) no change in temperature B1
2(b)(ii) work done = p∆V C1
= (–)1.6 × 105 × (2.4 – 0.87) × 10–3
= (–)240 J A1
2(b)(iii) first row all correct (0, 480, 480) A1
second row all correct (–1100, 0, –1100) A1
final column of third row calculated correctly from the two values above it, so that the final column adds up to 0 A1
second column in final row correct, with correct negative sign A1

and
first column in final row calculated correctly so that it adds to the second column to give the third column
(fully correct table is:
0 480 480
–1100 0 –1100
860 –240 620

)
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3(a)(i) 0.10 s or 0.30 s or 0.50 s or 0.70 s or 0.90 s A1
3(a)(ii) 0 or 0.40 s or 0.80 s A1
3(b)(i) ω = 2π / T C1
= 2π / 0.40 A1
= 16 rad s–1
3(b)(ii) v0 = ωx0 C1
= 15.7 × 2.5 × 10–2 A1
= 0.39 m s–1
or
tangent drawn at steepest part and working to show attempted calculation of gradient (C1)
leading to v0 = 0.39 m s–1 (allow ± 0.15 m s–1) (A1)
3(b)(iii) a0 = ω 2x0 C1
a0 = (15.72 × 2.5 × 10–2) A1
= 6.2 m s–2
or
a0 = ωv0 (C1)
a0 = 15.7 × 0.39 (A1)
= 6.2 m s–2
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3(c) period is shorter/lower B1
Any one from: B1

• greater spring constant/stiffness
• (restoring) force is greater (for any given extension)
• acceleration is greater (for any given extension)
• greater energy/maximum speed (for a given amplitude)
4(a) product of density and speed M1
speed of sound in medium A1
4(b) Any two from: B2
• if ZA ≫ ZB then ratio is (nearly) zero

or if ZB ≫ ZA then ratio is (nearly) zero
or if ZB and ZA are very different then ratio is (nearly) zero
or the greater the difference the lower the ratio
• if ZA ≈ ZB then ratio is (nearly) 1

or if ZA = ZB then ratio is 1
or the smaller the difference the closer the ratio to 1 (not ‘large’)
• IT / I0 = 1 – [(ZA – ZB)2 / (ZA + ZB)2]
4(c) I = I0e–µx C1
0.34 = exp(–23 × x) C1
x = 0.047 m A1
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5(a)(i) loss of (signal) power/amplitude/intensity B1
5(a)(ii) unwanted/random signal B1
superposed on (transmitted) signal B1
5(b)(i) attenuation = 10 lg(P2 / P1) C1
attenuation per unit length = (1 / L) × 10 lg(P2 / P1) C1
= (1 / 52) × 10 lg [(2.5 × 10–3) / (7.8 × 10–16)]
= 2.4 dB km–1 A1
5(b)(ii) gain / dB = 10 lg(P2 / P1) C1
115 = 10 lg [P / (7.8 × 10–16)]
P = 2.5 × 10–4 W A1
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6(a) work done per unit charge B1
(work done) moving positive charge from infinity B1
6(b) straight line with non-zero gradient from x = 0 to x = d B1
line with gradient of constant sign and end-points between which ∆V = V0 and ∆x = d B1
line passes through (d, 0) and (0, +V0) with negative gradient throughout B1
6(c) V constant (and non-zero) from 0 → R and from (D – R) → D B1
equal (non-zero) values of (magnitude of) V at R and (D – R). B1
curve (with a minimum) from R to (D – R) with V always positive B1
minimum at mid-point of curve B1
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7(a) Any five from: B5

• (as temperature rises) energy of electrons increases
• electrons (have enough energy to) cross forbidden band
• electrons enter conduction band
• leaving holes in valence band
• both holes and electrons act as charge carriers
• more charge carriers results in lower resistance
• increased lattice vibrations outweighed by increase in (number of) charge carriers
7(b) (at 10 °C resistance is) 2.55 kΩ C1
new potential difference = 9.00 × 2.55 / (2.55 + 12.0) C1
= 1.58 V
change in p.d. = 0.58 V A1
7(c) change of resistance with temperature is not linear B1
change in potential with resistance is not linear B1

or
potential divider equation is non-linear
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8(a)(i) vN = 3.4 × 107 × sin 30° A1
= 1.7 × 107 m s–1
8(a)(ii) mv2 / r = Bqv or r = mv / Bq C1
r = (9.11 × 10–31 × 1.7 × 107) / (3.2 × 10–3 × 1.60 × 10–19) C1
= 0.030 m A1
8(b) zero B1
8(c) helix/coil B1
9(a)(i) relay coil shown connected between diode and earth B1
switch shown connected across lamp B1
9(a)(ii) Any one from: M1

• (for diode to conduct) current flow is into output of op-amp
• when earth is at higher potential diode is forward biased
• diode blocks current when output positive
• diode must conduct
so VOUT is negative A1
9(b)(i) strain gauge B1
9(b)(ii) light-dependent resistor B1
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10(a) (induced) e.m.f. proportional to rate M1
of change of (magnetic) flux (linkage) A1
10(b) current in primary coil gives rise to magnetic flux B1
changing (magnetic) flux in core links with secondary coil B1
induced e.m.f. (in secondary coil) causes current in load/resistor B1
10(c) correct application of turns ratio: C1

to peak voltage ratio, giving (V0 / 220) = (450 / 2700)
or
to r.m.s. voltage ratio, giving (Vr.m.s. / 156) = (450 / 2700)
correct application of √2 factor: C1

to peak applied e.m.f., giving 220 / √2
or
to peak output em.f., giving 37 / √2
Vr.m.s. = 26 V A1
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11(a) packet/quantum of energy M1
of electromagnetic radiation A1
11(b)(i) E = hc / λ C1
1.18 × 1.60 × 10–13 = (6.63 × 10–34 × 3.00 × 108) / λ A1
λ = 1.05 × 10–12 m
11(b)(ii) λ = h / p or E = pc C1
p = (6.63 × 10–34) / (1.05 × 10–12) B1

or
p = (1.18 × 1.60 × 10–13) / (3.00 × 108)
leading to p = 6.3 × 10–22 N s
11(c) 6.3 × 10–22 = 60 × 1.66 × 10–27 × v C1
v = 6.3 × 103 m s–1 A1
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12(a) energy required to separate the nucleons (in a nucleus) M1
to infinity A1
or
energy released when nucleons come together (to form nucleus) (M1)
from infinity (A1)
12(b) mass defect = 140.911 – (57 × 1.007) – (84 × 1.009) C1
= 140.911 – 142.155 C1
= (–)1.244 (u)
energy = c2(∆)m C1
= (3.00 × 108)2 × 1.244 × 1.66 × 10–27 A1
= 1.9 × 10–10 J
12(c)(i) A = A0e–λt and ln 2 = λt½ C1
0.40 = exp(–ln 2 × t / 3.9) C1
or
(0.5)n = 0.40 (C1)
n = 1.32 and t = 1.32 × 3.9 (C1)
t = 5.2 hours A1
12(c)(ii) daughter product may be radioactive or random nature of decay B1

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T-RESOURCE,38-H,PHASE-1,DHA,lhr....1 of 222....

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

This document consists of 22 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

1 (a) Explain what is meant by a geostationary orbit.

(b) A satellite of mass m is in a circular orbit about a planet.

radius = ............................................. m [3]

© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13

1. the amount of gas, in mol, in the cylinder,

amount = ........................................... mol [2]

2. the rise in temperature of the gas.

temperature rise = .............................................. K [2]

© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13 [Turn over

© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13

(a) The mass is released at time t = 0.

For the oscillations of the mass,

(i) calculate the angular frequency ω,

ω = ...................................... rad s–1 [2]

(ii) determine numerical equations for the variation with time t of

1. the displacement x in cm,

2. the speed v in m s–1.

© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13 [Turn over

(b) Calculate the total energy of oscillation of the mass. For

energy = ............................................... J [2]

© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13

(b) An isolated metal sphere has radius 45 cm.

capacitance = ............................................ pF [2]

(ii) The sphere is charged to a potential of 9.0 × 105 V.

Determine the energy of the spark.

energy = ............................................... J [3]

5 (a) Define the tesla. For

The wires pass through a horizontal card PQRS.

© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13

flux density = .............................................. T [2]

force per unit length = ....................................... N m–1 [2]

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6 (a) State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. For

number of turns on primary coil

ratio = .................................................. [3]

© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13

(i) Explain what is meant by smoothing.

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© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13

(i) On Fig. 7.1,

wavelength = ............................................. m [3]

photon energies .................................................................................... eV [2]

© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13 [Turn over

(b) An equation for one possible nuclear reaction is

4He + 14N 17O + 1p.

(i) Calculate the mass change, in u, associated with this reaction.

mass change = .............................................. u [2]

energy = ............................................... J [2]

© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13

© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13 [Turn over

from .................................. litres to .................................. litres [1]

(b) Suggest why, comparing values from Fig. 9.1,

© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13

(c) Ultrasound frequencies as high as 10 MHz are used in medical diagnosis.

© UCLES 2013 9702/42/M/J/13 [Turn over

1. what is meant by attenuation,

2. why the expression applies only to a parallel beam.

Calculate, for a parallel X-ray beam, the ratio

fraction I of intensity transmitted through bone of thickness 2.5 cm

ratio = .................................................. [2]