ALBERT EINSTEIN: BIOGRAPHY 1879 – 1955 AND SUMMARY OF HIS CONTRIBUTIONS

TO SCIENCE.

This German physicist is considered the most important scientist of the twentieth century.

Let's see why.

Personal information: He was born on March 14, 1879 in Germany. He died on April 18, 1955 at

the age of 76 in the United States

Cause of death: abdominal aorta.

religion: absuntical.

Family: parents :Hermann Einstein and Pauline Koch.

Wives: Mileya maric later Elsa Eistein.

Sons: Hans Albert ,Eduard and lieserl Eistein.

Education: PhD in physics and PhD in philosophy.

Educated at: Federal Polytechnic School of Zurich, Switzerland.

Professional information. Occupation: Physicist, theorist, mathematician, diplomat and teacher.

Quantum physical

area. Known for :theory of relativity and photoelectric effect.

Member of d15 different academies of scientists.

Professional lifeAfter a two-year period as a teacher, Einstein began working at the Swiss Patent

Office. The third of these articles was where the theory of relativity was exposed. in which he

was working for several years. Based on this theory, Einstein was able to understand the nature of

many processes of nature, from the movements of the planets to the reason for existence of

gravity.

His worldwide recognition came in 1919, In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize in Physics thanks to his

work on the photoelectric effect, which formed the basis of quantum mechanics. In 1933, with the

rise of Hitler and considering his Jewish roots, Einstein went into exile in the United States. Once

there, he joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, where he continued his research.

In 1939, , Einstein warned the president of the United States that the Germans might be working

on creating a nuclear bomb. Einstein's information and studies were used to obtain the atomic

bomb. Einstein regretted that his studies had been used to obtain such a weapon, although he

stated that he was relieved that the Nazis had not done it first. Subsequently, Einstein continued

to work on his studies on quantum mechanics and others in which he tried to find theories that

explained the nature of the Universe.

ALBERT EINSTEIN'S 9 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE Recommended article: "The

11 branches of physics (and what each one studies)" Thanks to him, today we have many devices
 based on his discoveries and better understand the expansion of the Universe, the nature of black

holes and the curvature of space-time, among others.

Special Relativity Theory: This theory of Einstein postulates that the only constant in the

Universe is the speed of light. Absolutely everything else varies. That is, it is relative. This

theory marked a before and after in physics, since if the only immutable thing is the speed of

light, then time and space are not something immutable, but can be deformed.

1. The photoelectric effect : Making him worthy of the Nobel Prize in Physics, Einstein

carried out a work in which he demonstrated the existence of photons. This study consisted of a

mathematical approach that revealed that some materials, when light fell on them, emitted

electrons.

2. Equation E = MC² Baptized as the equation of equivalence between mass and energy, this

mathematical formula is perhaps the most famous in history. The world of astrophysics has

associated extremely complex mathematical equations that can only be solved by experts in

the field. This was not the case. Albert Einstein, in 1905, was able to decipher one of the

greatest enigmas with just one multiplication. "E" stands for energy; "M", mass; "C" is the

speed of light. With these three elements Einstein discovered that the energy (in any known

form) that a body emits is proportional to its mass and the speed at which it moves.
Unfortunately, this principle was used for war purposes, because this equation is behind the

creation of the atomic bomb. However, it is important to remember that it was also the pillar

to bring us closer to understanding the nature of the Universe.

4. Theory of general relativity Recommended article: "Isaac Newton: biography and

summary of his contributions to science" This theory starts from the basis that space and

time are related. They do not go separately as was believed until then. In fact, they form a single

"pack": thespacetime. We cannot talk only about the three dimensions that we all know (length,

height and width). We must add a fourth dimension: time.

5. Unified field theory Elaborated during its last years of life, the Unified Field Theory, as its

name suggests, "unifies" different fields. Specifically, Einstein looked for ways to relate

electromagnetic and gravitational fields.

6. Study of gravitational waves It was then that he revealed that "gravity" was a set of waves

that propagated by the action of massive bodies and that were transmitted through space at high

speed. That is, the physical nature of gravity is undulatory.

7. Motion of the Universe Another implication of the theory of relativity was that if the

universe was made up of massive bodies and that all of them deformed the fabric of space-time,

the universe could not be something static. It had to be dynamic.

.8. Brownian motion Why does a pollen particle follow a constant and presumably random motion

in water? This is what many scientists wondered, who did not understand the behavior of particles

in fluid media. Albert Einstein showed that the random motion of these particles in water or other

liquids was due to constant collisions with an incredibly high number of water molecules. This

explanation eventually confirmed the existence of atoms, which until then was only a hypothesi

9. Quantum theory raises the existence of particles called "quantum", which are the smallest

entities in the Universe. It is the minimum level of structure of matter, because they are the

particles that make up the elements of atoms. This theory aims to answer the nature of the

Universe according to the properties of these "quanta"

References :Archibald Wheeler, J. (1980) "Albert Einstein: a Biographical Memoir". National

Academy of Sciences. Einstein, A. (1920) "Relativity: The Special and General Theory". Henry Holt

and Company. Weinstein, G. (2012) "Albert Einstein's Methodology". ResearchGate.