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h t r u o F
n o i t i d E
Prisca Augustyn

Florida Atlantic University

Nikolaus Euba

University of California, Berkeley

Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States

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Stationen: Ein Kursbuch für die © 2020, 2015, 2012, 2008 Cengage

Mittelstufe, Fourth Edition


 
Prisca Augustyn, Nikolaus Euba
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Brief Contents

Station 1 Berlin 2

Station 2 München 36

Station 3 Heidelberg 64

Station 4 Hamburg 98

Station 5 Leipzig 132

Station 6 Frankfurt 164

Station 7 Köln 196

Station 8 Dresden 228

Station 9 Salzburg 262

Station 10 Wien 296

Station 11 Zürich 326

Station 12 Die Deutschen im Ausland 364

Appendix A German-Language Websites 397

Appendix B Grammar Summary 398

I Verbs 398

II ,
Nouns Pronouns and Ad ecti es , j v 410

III Common Prepositions and their Cases 414

German–English Glossary 416

Index 456

S TATIONEN BRIEF CONTENTS iii

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Scope and Sequence

Station Einblicke

Was machen wir in Berlin? 4 Party um zwölf Uhr


Station 1
mittags 14
Eine berühmte Berlinerin:
Berlin 2
Marlene Dietrich 6 Die Geschichte der

Currywurst 21

Videoblog: Connie aus

Berlin 28

Pension Bavaria 38 Ein Münchner


Station 2
Flaschensammler packt
Ein berühmter Münchner:
München 36 aus 46
Christian Morgenstern 40

Trinkgeld 48

Videoblog: Stefan aus

München 56

Wieder zurück in Heidelberg 66 Arbeit muss keinen Spaß


Station 3
machen 76
Eine berühmte Heidelberger
Heidelberg 64
Studentin: Hannah Arendt 68 Wie viel kostet das

Studentenleben? 85

Videoblog: Igor aus

Heidelberg 86

iv STATIONEN SCOPE AND SEQUENCE

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Strukturen Wortschatz Lektüre

Die Wortarten im Grundwortschatz: Staat, Stadt Herr Lehmann (Auszug),

Deutschen 10 und Land 5 Sven Regener 31

Die Deklination 17 Wortschatz 16

Wo sagt man was? – Dativ und


Das Verb:
Akkusativ im Berliner Dialekt 19
Konjugation, Tempus, Modus,

Aktiv und Passiv 23 Wann sagt man was? – der

Mensch, die Leute (pl.), die

Person, die Bevölkerung 20

Redemittel zum Diskutieren:

Nach Erklärungen fragen;

Erklärungen geben 21

Wortschatz 32

Wortschatzliste 35

Über Vergangenes sprechen: Grundwortschatz: Essen und Die Fremden, Karl

Das Perfekt 43 Trinken 42 Valentin 60

Befehle, Wünsche, Wo sagt man was? – Die

Anleitungen: Vergangenheit erzählen 47

Der Imperativ 50 Wortschatz 48

Redemittel zum Diskutieren:

Meinung äußern 54

Wortschatz 61

Wortschatzliste 63

Vergangenes erzählen: Das Grundwortschatz: Studium 69 Freunde, Hermann

Imperfekt 72 Hesse 89
Wortschatz 79

Über Vergangenes sprechen: Wann sagt man was? –

Als, wenn und wann 81 lernen, studieren, lehren,

unterrichten 78
Über Vergangenes sprechen:

Das Plusquamperfekt 84 Wann sagt man was? – die

Bildung, die Ausbildung, die

Erziehung 81

Redemittel zum Diskutieren:

Vergleichen und Bewerten 82

Wortschatz 93

Wortschatzliste 96
STATIONEN SCOPE AND SEQUENCE v

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Station Einblicke

Hamburg - das Tor zur Jung, dynamisch, du? 110


Station 4
Welt 100
Plattdeutsch 111
Hamburg 98
Die Hanse 101
Videoblog: Jan Henning

Eine berühmte Hamburger aus Hamburg 120

Medienfrau: Sabine

Christiansen 103

Ein Gespräch mit Feline 134 Leipzig –


Station 5
Sachsenmetropole 142
Eine berühmte Leipzigerin: Clara
Leipzig 132
Schumann 135 Videoblog: Feline aus

Leipzig 150

Willkommen in Frankfurt 166 Oben ohne 177


Station 6

Ein sehr berühmter Frankfurter: Wie wird man deutsch?


Frankfurt 164
Johann Wolfgang von Deutsch werden durch

Goethe 168 Einbürgerung 191

Frankfurts höchstes Videoblog: Verena aus

Symbol: der Commerzbank- Frankfurt 184

Wolkenkratzer 170

vi STATIONEN SCOPE AND SEQUENCE

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Strukturen Wortschatz Lektüre

Höflichkeit, Hypothesen Grundwortschatz: Presse und Tschick (Ausschnitte),

und Wünsche: Der Medien 102 Wolfgang Herrndorf 123

Konjunktiv II 107
Wann sagt man was? – die

Bitten, Wünsche und Branche, das Wesen, das

Vermutungen: Der Konjunktiv Geschäft 102

bei Modalverben 114


Wortschatz 112

Über Vergangenes
Redemittel zum Diskutieren:
sprechen: Der Konjunktiv der
Sagen, was wahrscheinlich oder
Vergangenheit 117
unwahrscheinlich ist 116

Wortschatz 128

Wortschatzliste 130

Die indirekte Rede: Der Grundwortschatz: Haus und „Schließt euch an!“

Konjunktiv I 139 Wohnen 139 Spiegel-Redakteur

Ulrich Schwarz über die


Die Satzarten im Wortschatz 144
Massendemonstration in
Deutschen 148
Wann sagt man was? – der Ort, Leipzig am 9. Oktober

der Platz, die Stelle 145 1989 155

Wann sagt man was? – wohnen,

leben 146

Redemittel zum Diskutieren:

Vorschläge machen und Rat

geben 147

Wortschatz 158

Wortschatzliste 162

Vorgänge beschreiben: Das Grundwortschatz: Nationale „Leben in Deutschland:

Passiv 174 Identität 167 Wie leben wir, was hat sich

verändert – und warum?“


Vorgänge beschreiben: Wann sagt man was? –
Nach einem Artikel von
Alternativen zum Passiv 182 verwenden, benutzen, brauchen,
Theo Sommer in Die
verbrauchen 170
Zeit 187

Wann sagt man was? – gefallen,

lieben, mögen, gern haben 171

Wortschatz 178

Redemittel zum Diskutieren:

Beispiele geben 180

Wortschatz 189

Wortschatzliste 194

STATIONEN SCOPE AND SEQUENCE vii

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Station Einblicke

Köln – meine Stadt 198 Unterschriftenaktion


Station 7
„Nationalstolz“ 208
Ein berühmter Kölner: Heinrich
Köln 196
Böll 200 Videoblog: Milos aus

Köln 218
Kölsch 203

Stephanies Tagebuch 230 Daniel Barenboim:


Station 8
Ein Leben in
Eine berühmte Dresdner
Dresden 228 Deutschland 238
Bewegung: Die Künstlergruppe

Die Brücke 232 Videoblog: Stephanie aus

Dresden 250

Katharinas E-Mail 264 Kaffeehausfrühstück 274


Station 9

Der berühmteste Salzburger Videoblog: Katharina aus


Salzburg 262
aller Zeiten: Wolfgang Amadeus Salzburg 284

Mozart 266

viii STATIONEN SCOPE AND SEQUENCE

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Strukturen Wortschatz Lektüre

Einstellungen ausdrücken: Die Grundwortschatz: „Endlich locker sehen –

Modalverben 205 Gesellschaft 200 Darf man stolz sein auf

Deutschland, oder ist


Über Zukünftiges sprechen: Wann sagt man was? – das
Patriotismus hierzulande
Das Futur 211 Vaterland, die Nation, die
für immer out?“ FOCUS
Heimat 202
Über Zukünftiges sprechen: befragte Schüler zum

Das Futur II 216 Wortschatz 213 Thema Patriotismus 221

Wann sagt man was? – reden,

sprechen, sich unterhalten,

erklären, diskutieren 214

Redemittel zum Diskutieren:

Sicher sein, nicht sicher sein,

Zweifel haben 215

Wortschatz 223

Wortschatzliste 226

Satzverbindungen: Grundwortschatz: Kunst und „... und dann fuhr ich

Koordinierende Musik 231 nach Dresden,“ Erich

Konjunktionen 236 Kästner 254


Wortschatz 240

Satzverbindungen: Zweiteilige „Inventur,“ Günter


Wann sagt man was? –
Konjunktionen 243 Eich 257
künstlerisch, künstlich 245

Satzverbindungen:
Redemittel zum Diskutieren: Mit
Subordinierende
einer Meinung übereinstimmen
Konjunktionen 245
oder nicht übereinstimmen 249

Wortschatz 256

Wortschatzliste 260

Näher beschreiben und Grundwortschatz: Silentium! Wolf Haas 287

informieren: Relativsätze und Veranstaltungen 266

Relativpronomen 272
Wann sagt man was? – kennen,

Das Subjekt als Objekt: wissen 269

Reflexivpronomen 281
Wortschatz 277

Wann sagt man was? – bequem,

gemütlich 278

Redemittel zum Diskutieren:

Sagen, was man gerne hat 280

Wortschatz 292

Wortschatzliste 294

STATIONEN SCOPE AND SEQUENCE ix

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Station Einblicke

Simons Wien Blog 298 Opernball mit tausend


Station 10
Polizisten 306
Ein weltberühmter Wiener:
Wien 296
Sigmund Freud 299 Videoblog: Simon aus

Wien 314
Wienerisch 304

Solveigs E-Mail 328 Soldaten sehen wenig Sinn


Station 11
in der Armee 339
Ein berühmter Zürcher: Max
Zürich 326
Frisch 330 Schweizer

Hochdeutsch und
Müesli! 338
Schweizerdeutsch 340

Sprachenvielfalt in der

Schweiz 350

Videoblog: Solveig aus

Zürich 351

Die Deutschen sind die Jeder sechste


Station 12
beliebtesten Touristen? 366 Amerikaner hat deutsche

Vorfahren 372
Die Deutschen im Ein berühmter Deutscher im

Ausland: Bertolt Brecht 370


Ausland 364

x STATIONEN SCOPE AND SEQUENCE

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Strukturen Wortschatz Lektüre

Sätze ergänzen: Infinitiv- Grundwortschatz: Politik 305 Wittgensteins Neffe,

konstruktionen 303 Thomas Bernhard 316


Wortschatz 307

Genauer beschreiben:
Wann sagt man was? – heute
Adverbien 311
Abend, heute Nacht 308

Redemittel zum Diskutieren:

Sagen, dass etwas egal ist 310

Wortschatz 321

Wortschatzliste 325

Beschreiben: Attributive Grundwortschatz: Sprache 330 Der Besuch der alten

Adjektive 334 Dame, Friedrich


Wortschatz 342
Dürrenmatt 356
Ergänzungen: Adjektive mit
Redemittel zum Diskutieren:
Präpositionen 341
Betonen, was wichtig ist 345

Vergleichen: Komparativ und


Wortschatz 358
Superlativ 346

Wortschatzliste 362

Nähere Informationen geben: Grundwortschatz: Reisen 368 „New Yorker Woche,“

Präpositionen 373 Jurek Becker 392


Wortschatz 384

Präpositionen ersetzen:
Wann sagt man was? – bleiben,
Da- und Wo-Komposita 382
übernachten; das Erlebnis, die

Idiomatisches: Verben mit Erfahrung 386

Präpositionen 388
Redemittel zum Diskutieren:

Sagen, was man vorhat 387

Wortschatz 394

Wortschatzliste 396

STATIONEN SCOPE AND SEQUENCE xi

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To the Student
WELCOME TO INTERMEDIATE GERMAN!
You probably already know that Stationen means “stations.” Each chapter of this
program revolves around a city or region in the German-speaking world. As you move

from station to station, we invite you to discover and explore new aspects of culture

and language along the way.

You can also think of Stationen as referring to the “stations” between the beginnings of
a journey into German life and language and more advanced study and exploration at

the intermediate level. Stationen is significantly different from the typical elementary
format, because it allows you to practice German by discussing a large variety of

different texts in German.

Engaging Culture Topics We believe that the best way you can practice German is if

you have something to say about the topics that come up in the classroom. Through our

own teaching experience, we’ve learned which cultural issues tend to intrigue students,

promote lively discussions, and make meaningful writing exercises both effective and

fun. In Stationen we have focused on themes that we think you’ll particularly enjoy
speaking and writing about.

Authentic Readings It’s our belief that working with authentic texts—literary texts,

magazine and news articles, interviews, and radio reports—will empower you to

progress to a more advanced level of German fluency. Therefore, Stationen contains


authentic readings written for German speakers. We’ve chosen them because they

complement the cultural topics, because they will be relevant to you, and because they

are written at a level appropriate for intermediate readers.

Contextualized Grammar While the general theme of Stationen derives from its rich
cultural contexts, you will be able to strengthen your language skills, because grammar

and vocabulary are integrated throughout each chapter. You’ll be reviewing and using

basic grammar and vocabulary from your beginning German course, but you’ll also be

guided toward the practice of more complex structures and more advanced vocabulary.

As you progress and work with different types of texts, you will learn to better

distinguish different styles and uses of spoken and written German.

Vocabulary Building and Dictionary Practice Stationen helps you to build your
vocabulary in several ways. Glossed words allow you to focus on extensive reading.

Vocabulary lists and activities in both the textbook and in MindTap help you practice

the vocabulary you need to discuss a given topic. Specific dictionary activities help you

become a more competent dictionary user. See page xvi of this preface, Vocabulary

Building and Working with a Dictionary, for some strategies on how to more effectively

and successfully study vocabulary.

Openness and Flexibility You can learn from your fellow students. If you are open

and creative in the classroom and beyond, you can learn from your classmates through

group and partner activities and other types of classroom interaction. Remember that

just as you depend on others, they also depend on your active participation, openness,

and creativity. Stationen accommodates different skill levels, so everybody can learn.

xii STATIONEN TO THE STUDENT

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Connections and Comparisons The unifying concept in Stationen inherently
encourages you to make connections between the places and cultural issues covered

in the different chapters of the book. Moreover, because all topics and readings in

Stationen are anchored in culture, you will find that you can’t help comparing your own
culture to the issues and cultural aspects you learn about in Stationen. Be prepared to

learn not only about the foreign culture but also about your own.

An Invitation to Explore Stationen gives you an opportunity to start doing your own
exploration of German-language websites. The web activities (marked with a globe

icon) give you some direction, but they are not meant to be closed activities. We’ve
formulated the directions and questions so as to give you an idea of what to expect

from a given topic, issue, or website. Think of these activities as a catalyst for further

exploration.

Appealing Video Material Finally, Stationen has an accompanying video that consists
of videoblogs from eleven cities in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. This window onto

contemporary German culture will enrich your classroom with engaging young video

bloggers, images of public spaces, and scenes of German life.

Reliable Online Platform MindTap is a dynamic all-in-one assessment, assignment,

and course management system that enhances your language-learning experience.

Everything you need to master the skills and concepts of the course is built right into

this online system, including an eBook, companion videos, interactive practice activities,

listening and recording activities, and more. The discussion forum feature enables you

to post responses, upload files, and respond to other students. You can also practice

your pronunciation and conversation with individual audio or group video recordings.

Learning Path The Learning Path is the online guide that helps you become active

participants in the learning process. By becoming more self-reliant, you can achieve

success in your course and also move one step closer to becoming a lifelong learner.

The MindTap Learning Path encompasses five learning steps:

Ready! Overview of material and learning outcomes that provides students with

priming and scaffolding for upcoming topics and concepts

Learn it! Presentation of new content, accompanied by guided work for students

to familiarize themselves with and apply new terms, concepts, and structures in a

guided environment

Practice it! Application of the material to accomplish real-life tasks

Use it! Open-ended, authentic, reflective, and interactive activities that put language

to use

Got it! Review of target content to assess achievement of learning objectives in a

low-stakes environment

STATIONEN TO THE STUDENT xiii

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VOCABULARY BUILDING AND WORKING WITH A GERMAN–ENGLISH/

ENGLISH–GERMAN DICTIONARY

Learning Vocabulary Your second year of studying German is the time to develop

your vocabulary actively. Toward that goal, Stationen will help you refine your
vocabulary-building skills.

To expand your vocabulary efficiently, you can

• create a vocabulary notebook, flashcards, or use flashcard apps (see below for hints)

• put the vocabulary into sentences, phrases, or expressions

• use mnemonics (ways of remembering), such as alliteration, rhyme, rhythm, music

• use associations, such as images, functions of words, parts of speech, classes or

categories of words, antonyms, synonyms

• look at prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and word roots

• situate words in various contexts

• systematically review old vocabulary

Two very useful and time-tested methods for learning vocabulary are vocabulary

notebooks and flashcards, for which there are lots of apps available. Here are some

hints about how to make the most of them.

• In a vocabulary notebook, you can list vocabulary in two columns, one for German

words and the other for English translations. A notebook is a good way to keep a

log of all the vocabulary that comes up in class, as well as items you look up in the

dictionary in class or at home.

• When studying vocabulary in


die Herausforderung l
chal enge; provocation
your notebook, you can use
die Herausforderungen
a sheet of paper to cover up

one column in the notebook

niesen, nieste, hat geniest to sne ze e and test yourself, moving

your sheet of paper down

the list.

• Flashcards have the advantage that whatever items you feel confident about can

be eliminated from the stack. This will give you a sense of accomplishment as you

study. Make your cards with German on one side and English on the other. There are

intelligent apps that show you the items you missed more frequently than those you

got right. In this edition of Stationen, Flashcards are found in MindTap.

xiv STATIONEN TO THE STUDENT

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).

Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
• Another advantage of flashcards is that
das Schwein,
you can add additional information later.

For instance, you may come across


die Schweine

an idiomatic expression that contains


Schwein haben pig; t
a vocabulary item you already have a o be
flashcard for; you can then just add the (= Glück haben) lucky
new information to the card.

For both vocabulary notebooks and flashcards, always remember

to include:

• the definite article, the plural, and if necessary the genitive form of nouns.

• the simple past, the past participle, and the appropriate auxiliary ( haben or sein) for

verbs.

Working with a German–English Dictionary If you don’t already own a good German–

English/English–German dictionary, now is the time to get one or search for and select

online sources or apps. Whenever you look something up in the German–English

portion of the dictionary, make sure you take notes (either in your notebook or on a

flashcard). That way you keep track of all the items you looked up in the dictionary

during the course.

NOUNS

Nouns are easy to recognize in the German dictionary, because they begin with capital

letters. The abbreviations m (masculine), f (feminine), and n or nt (neuter) tell you the

gender of the noun. In your log, you should replace it with the proper definite article.

Plurals of nouns are also abbreviated. Write out the plural forms in your log as well. In

some dictionaries, the plural forms for compound nouns are not given; they are found

at the entry for the root noun. Also, some dictionaries assume that the plural forms

for certain common noun endings are known; for example, nouns ending in -ung in

the singular all have -en as the plural ending. Be sure you check your own dictionary’s

conventions.

Südwind, -e m south wind.*


der Südwind, die Südwinde

die Herausforderung,
Herausforderung, -en f
die Herausforderungen
challenge; (Provokation)
provocation.

Sometimes there is no plural for a noun.

Freiheit f no pl freedom. die Freiheit (no pl)

* Underscored vowels indicate pronunciation. See page xxi for more information.

STATIONEN TO THE STUDENT xv

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
The abbreviation pl means that a noun is already a plural and there is no singular.

Ferien pl holidays pl (Brit), die Ferien (pl)

vacation sing (US, Univ);

Dictionaries often give the genitive ending.

Bewusstsein nt -s, no pl (Wis- s


das Bewus tsein,

sen) awareness, consciousness. des Bewusstseins

m. der Doktorand, die Doktoranden


Doktorand m -en, -en, Dok-

torandin f graduate student


f. die Doktorandin, die Doktorandin en n
studying for a doctorate.

Note that when two translations are separated by a semicolon they represent two

somewhat different meanings; whereas two translations separated by a comma mean

(near-)synonyms.

Herausforderung, -en f

challenge; (Provokation)

provocation.

Bewusstsein nt -s no pl (Wis-

sen) awareness, consciousness.

Sometimes it’s a good idea to take note of idiomatic expressions that are given with a

noun. The noun is then replaced by a ~ symbol. Try to record the most useful of these

expressions in your vocabulary log.

Umkreis m (Umgebung) der Umkreis


surroundings pl; (Gebiet) area;

(Nähe) vicinity; im näheren ~


im näheren Umkreis
in the vicinity; im ~ von
im Umkreis von 20 Kilometern
20 Kilometern within a radius

of 20 kilometers.

If the word you are looking for is a compound noun, and the first constituent is a very

common item, you can probably find it in a list of second constituents in which the

first part is replaced with the ~ symbol. For instance, if you are looking for the word

Reisepass , the dictionary entry may look like this:

xvi STATIONEN TO THE STUDENT

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).

Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Indian of To-day

Original Painting by Angel de Cora (Hinook-mahiwi-


kilinaka)

Copyright, 1901, by Ginn & Company


[217]

[Contents]
INTRODUCTORY—THE INDIANS’ PRESENT CONDITION

he
present
conditio
n of the
Indians
is very
different
from that
when
the
tribes
roved for
thousan
ds of
miles either in pursuit of enemies or for food.

Now they are prevented by law from fishing or hunting outside the boundaries of
their various reservations, to which they were sent by the government for
different reasons. For many years meat and flour were given to some tribes as
rations at certain periods of the year, when they also received money and
blankets. A number of tribes have become much like the white man, and live in
houses and have large numbers of horses and cattle upon the plains or on their
farms in the east; other tribes, proud of their ancient customs, still try to live as
nearly as possible in the way of their ancestors. [218]

Their love for their nation, tribe, and family is very great, and that is one reason
why a few of the Indian students become once more Blanket Indians. They
cannot endure the taunt that they have forgotten their own people.

The old myths of years ago are repeated in Indian homes, and many of the
stories, like those told in the poem of Hiawatha, are familiar tales to little children
in western teepees. Hiawatha the Wise we now know is an Iroquois hero;
Menabozho, who is called the Foolish or Sly One, is an Algonquin hero, and
they are two very different characters in the lore of two different Indian nations.
Hiawatha the Iroquois is always dignified; Menabozho the Algonquin is very
powerful but full of boyish tricks.

Menabozho, or the Great White Hare

From the east side to the west side of America the Algonquin Indians all have
their stories of Menabozho. When the story is of some great deed of Nanabush,
or of Missaba, you must remember that these names are only another way of
speaking of Menabozho. In the different Indian tribes the languages are
different; but those who have been most among these many tribes of red men
find that nearly all have some name for this Great Manitou, or Spirit. [219]

Whatever was the first cause of their belief in such a being, there is no way of
knowing. All people, no matter how wild, believe in God; but the wilder the
people the more gods they believe in. It is so with the Indian.

The red man seemed to believe every stone, every bush, and almost every
animal had its manitou or spirit. These manitous were something to be feared,
and to which prayer ought to be offered. So we will call them the gods of the
Indians. But these gods were ruled over by greater ones that had wonderful
powers.

The Indians watch the sun, moon, and stars a great deal and know much more
about them than many white people who have no time for such study. When
they saw the power of the sun in bringing life out of the earth in the shape of
growing plants from hidden seeds, then the sun seemed like a living spirit to
them.

The name Menabozho has been found to mean in the Indian language the Great
White Hare. It has been found to mean more than that. Some one who has
studied into the meanings of Indian words says that it means the “god of light,”
or “ruler of the sun.” When you read marvelous stories of Menabozho remember
then that the Indians who told these tales first had in mind one of their strong
gods,—one who was swift and powerful as the light of the sun; one who was
[220]as kind as the sun is to the earth, bringing food and blessing to every one.

The sun hides away every night; so Menabozho often rested. The sun is often
troubled by clouds and storms; and Menabozho has many troubles, but usually
comes out very bravely from every hindrance.
This manitou could take many forms. He very often appeared upon the earth as
a man, for that is the highest form of all life. He is said to have many homes.

Some say Menabozho’s home is in the east. He rules over the east wind and
watches the sun that it may follow the right path through the sky. He rules the
sun. It could not leave the east without him.

The Indians in some nations have a kind of picture to represent Menabozho. It


looks something like a child’s picture of a rabbit. People have thought of many
reasons why the red men should have called him the Great White Hare. The
Indians themselves do not seem to explain why they did it.

We know from many Indian customs and from their records, for they have kept
many records, that the red men lived in America for hundreds of years before
Columbus came. Where the first Indians came from the most learned white man
cannot tell. He can only guess.

Some of the Indian stories tell that the red man was [221]created here in America.
That is not strange for them to say, for they have no remembrance of another
land. If they came from across the great ocean at the west, or drifted across the
one at the east, they may have brought this story of Menabozho, the god of light,
with them. Early travelers found some tribes expecting the Great Spirit to come
among them again in the shape of palefaced men. The same belief was found
far south in Mexico. It seems very strange to us. Many have thought that it was
the coming of Menabozho the red men expected when the white men came.

This same Great Spirit who was to come was kind and good. He would be a
brother to all creatures, man and beast. Menabozho called everything his
brother. Stories that the Indians are telling of him to-day speak of him as calling
the trees his brothers.

Those who are much among the Indians now, as the hunters in the northern
forests are, tell of how real this kindly manitou is to the red man in his every-day
life.

There is a certain little black swimming bird that looks much like a duck, which is
called a diver. When this bird rushes from the reeds by the river into the water,
the Indian who sees it often cries out, “There goes the bird Menabozho kicked.”
If the white fisherman tells a story of some great fish that he has caught, or that
nearly came into his [222]net, then the Indians, among themselves, grunt and
scoff at his story. They can tell of a larger fish than any white man ever saw or
brought to shore. Menabozho sailed into its mouth in his canoe. And so this
same being is as real to them as any we have learned of in our childhood’s
days.

The stories recently collected are interesting in showing how alive is all Nature to
those who live nearest to her. The Indian still seems to understand with the heart
of a poet the voices of trees, stones, and brooks. We are glad to know that many
whites have learned that the red men have a strong love for justice and truth and
can show mercy to those who have been merciful.

The Indian is not a dull-minded being. His wits are keen, and his judgment as
fine as many a civilized man can claim. But he lives a life far apart from the busy
city or town life of the white man, and it is hard for each to understand the life of
the other. [223]

[Contents]
I. MENABOZHO AND HIS THREE BROTHERS

he Indians tell that, in a time


so long ago no one can tell
when, four brothers were
born on this earth.

The first was Menabozho,


who is the friend of all the
human race. The second
was Chibiabos, who cares
for the dead and lives in the
Country of Souls. The third
was Wabose. He ran far
away to the north and was
changed into a rabbit, but is
still very powerful. The fourth
was Chokanipok, the Man of
Flint.

Menabozho did not love his


fourth brother, the stone man, and had many battles with him. These battles
were long and terrible. Traces of them can be found to this day. Chokanipok’s
body was as large as a mountain. In one of these battles Menabozho’s arrows
tore off many pieces of flesh from him. These changed into flint stones when
they touched the earth, and men made fire by striking two of them together.

At last Menabozho conquered, for he had more love for man in his heart than
had his brother, and the [224]great firestone giant fell, and his pieces are
scattered everywhere.

This gave Menabozho courage, and he traveled all over the earth teaching men
how to use stone and bone. He taught them how to make stone axes. He
showed them how to make snares and traps so as to catch fishes and birds. He
taught the women how to weave mats and beautiful baskets.
While he traveled he saw the huge creatures whose bones are now dug up from
far under the ground. Menabozho slew these animals himself and hid them
away. He opened the pathway for the rivers between the hills and mountains. He
made the earth ready for the Indian.

Menabozho placed four spirits at the four sides of the heavens. The spirit which
he put in the north sends snow and ice so that the Indian may hunt during the
cold moons. The spirit in the south sends the warm wind and gives the red man
corn, melons, and tobacco. The spirit that stands in the west sends the rain, and
the spirit in the east gives light to the earth.

Some Indian legends say that Menabozho now lives on an ice mountain in the
great sea. If he, by any chance, were driven from his home all things would burn
if he should touch his feet to the ground to spring into the air. The end would
come, for the [226]sun could never shine again without Menabozho to guide it
from the east to the west.
An Indian Basket Exhibit

From a Photograph

When this great manitou walked on the earth his steps measured as long as the
steps one tribe would take in one day. He could step over mountains and think
they were only ant-hills. He could step over a large lake. If he wished, he could
make himself as short as a man. He had great power.

It is told that a little child once outwitted him. The boy was playing outside his
mother’s lodge and dared the manitou to do as he did. The manitou loved the
child and waited to see what it did. The boy lay down and put his toe into his
mouth. Menabozho tried to do this same thing and could not.

He told the boy to wish for anything and that he should have it. The boy wished
for long life. Menabozho changed the child into a white-cedar tree, and the tree
stood for hundreds of winters in the place where the child had stood when he
wished for long life. It was not far from where he lay by his mother’s wigwam
when he dared the great Menabozho to a deed the manitou could not perform.

It was in this way the wise manitou punished the boy. It is not well for any one to
be wiser than a manitou, for even the flint stones show that these spirits are very
powerful. [227]

[Contents]
II. STORY OF THE DELUGE

(Chippewa, 1900)

enabozho, the great land manitou,


did not like the water manitous or
spirits. One day he saw the chief of
the water manitous asleep on a
rock, and he shot and killed him
with a magic arrow; then the little
water manitous called the big rivers
to help them and chased
Menabozho up a high hill.

The water reached halfway up the


hill; the water manitous called all
the little rivers then to help them.
The water chased Menabozho to
the top of the high hill. He climbed
up a tall pine tree, but the water
came up to his chin; it could not go
over his head, for there is not water
enough in the whole world to drown the great Menabozho.

He waited a long time while he stood on the top of the pine tree. The rivers
would not go back, and he could not see any land.

A loon flew over his head and then dived into the great water. Menabozho said:
“Brother Loon, come [228]to me. I must make land for us to stand on. Will you
dive down and bring me a little sand?”

The loon put down his head and went through the deep water, but it was too
deep even for the great loon-bird. He came up again, but he had left his breath
in the deep water. Menabozho caught him as he floated by the pine tree, but he
found no sand in his bill nor on his feet.

An otter put his head out of the water close by Menabozho.


“Brother Otter, dive down and bring me up a few grains of sand. We must have
land to put our feet upon.”

The otter knew he must do as Menabozho told him, so he put his head down
into the deep water. He came up, but he had no life any more, and Menabozho
could not find any sand in his paws.

A muskrat came swimming by just then. “Brother Muskrat, you are very brave.
Will you dive down to the sand under this deep water and bring me a few
grains? I must make land for my brothers,” said Menabozho.

The muskrat was brave, for he dived down, but he came up just like the otter. He
had no more life, but he had a little sand in one front paw.

Menabozho held the sand in his own hand and dried it in the sunshine. He blew
it with his breath far out [229]on the water, and it made a little island. Menabozho
called the sand back to him. He dried it in his hand again and then blew it to its
place on the deep water. He did this for two days, and the island grew larger
every time it was sent back. Menabozho left the tree and walked on the land.

He called to his brothers, who are the trees, animals, and everything on the
land, to come and live on this land. The water had to go back to its place. [230]

[Contents]
III. MENABOZHO CAUGHT

(Chippewa, 1895)

enabozho
killed a large
moose when
hunting. He
put the meat
in boxes
made of birch
bark and hid
the boxes by
a sweet-water
tree, which
the white men
call a maple
tree.

There was
much moose
meat, and it
would last
many weeks.
There was
much moose
fat, so Menabozho made more birch-bark boxes and hid the fat in them near an
oak tree. He hung the mooseskin in the branches of the tree.

Menabozho sat on the ground and ate much moose meat; while he was eating
he heard a noise over his head and saw that two trees were pulling each other.
A tall tree had fallen into the top of a small tree, and it was caught. The wind
tried to pull the tall tree away, but the little tree held it tight, and the branches
made a noise like something alive. Menabozho did not like to hear such a loud
noise when he was eating. [231]
He climbed into the little tree and tried to pull the tall tree away. His arm was
caught between the two trees, and he was like a bear in a trap. The two trees
pinched Menabozho’s arm very hard.

While he was in the trap trying to get loose, a wolf came along under the trees;
she had two young wolves with her.

“Look out!” said Menabozho; “don’t go near that sweet-water tree. There is
nothing for you in these woods.”

The old mother wolf knew Menabozho and his tricks. She found the birch-bark
boxes and called to her little ones.

“Come down and eat, Brother Menabozho,” said the old wolf. She knew she was
safe, for the trees held him close.

The wolf and her young ones played with the empty boxes when the meat was
gone; they broke them all, then ran toward the oak tree.

“Don’t go there; the tree may fall on you!” said Menabozho.

“Come, children,” said the wolf, “use your noses and you will find more food.”

They found the moose fat in the other boxes. Wolves can eat all the time. These
wolves ate up the sweet moose fat, and Menabozho fought with the trees to get
out of the trap they made for him. He [232]tried to pull up the tree he was in by
the roots, but he could not do it with one hand.

When the wolves were done eating, a great wind came and blew the trees apart.
Menabozho came down the tree very fast, but the wolf and her young ones were
very strong from their good dinner. They ran away where no one could find
them.

Menabozho liked to play tricks on everything. He did not like it when they played
tricks on him, and now he had no meat nor fat. There was only the moose head
left.

He put his head into the moose head to eat the meat. He could not get out, and
there he was caught again in a trap, and this time he could not see, but he could
use his arms and feet.
“I don’t care,” said Menabozho. “It is a good trick. I will get away.”

He ran against a tree. Menabozho put his arm around the tree and said: “What
is your name, Brother Tree?”

“My name is White Oak,” was the answer.

“White Oak does not grow near water; I must go further,” said Menabozho.

Soon his moose head struck another tree. “O my brother, what is your name?”
asked Menabozho.

“My name is Basswood,” said the tree.

“Basswood grows near water,” said Menabozho. [233]

He ran along a little further and fell over the bank into a river, and he swam with
the strong current down the stream. He knew there were many Indians in a
teepee village near that river, and they would help him.

Menabozho kept the moose head out of the water and made a great noise. He
heard the Indian boys whoop and knew they had seen him. The hunters got their
canoes and came out to him with their tomahawks, for they thought it was a
moose and they would get much fat meat.

The Indians broke the moose head with their tomahawks and found Menabozho.
He was always good to the Indians, and many times he helped them in their
hunting.

“It is a good trick,” they all said; then Menabozho laughed, and they were glad to
see him.

The chief made a great feast in his teepee. Menabozho told many stories, but he
did not tell how the wolves, the trees, and the moose head all played tricks on
him.

Ooranah, Chippewa Indian, near Ashland, Wis. [234]


Indian Picture Writing on Stone

From a Photograph

[235]

[Contents]
IV. HOW THE KINGFISHER GOT HIS RING AND HIS
RUFFLE

(Chippewa, 1895)

Menabozho had a wolf who hunted for him.

“My brother,” said Menabozho, “never cross the water, for the water manitous
will catch you.”

One day the wolf was tired and saw a narrow stream in his way, so he threw the
goose he had caught over his back and tried to leap across the stream. The
water manitou caught him, and Menabozho had no supper and never again saw
his wolf.

The next day Menabozho saw the kingfisher sitting on a tree near the stream.

“My brother,” said Menabozho the Sly One, “can you tell me where Menabozho’s
brother wolf is?”

“What will you give me if I tell you?” said the kingfisher.

“I will put a fine collar around your neck if you will tell me,” said Menabozho.

“First put the collar around my neck, then I will tell you,” said the bird.

Menabozho fastened around the bird’s neck a beautiful white collar, which he
wears to this day; then the [236]kingfisher told him how he had seen the wolf
caught while leaping across the water the day before, and said:

“The great water manitou comes out when the sun is hottest to rest on the
shore. He will sleep on the wolfskin. The mud turtle will sit on a stone and keep
watch for Menabozho. The bear will stand by this tree and watch. I will sit on this
tree and watch, too. We are all friends, but maybe you are Menabozho?”

The bird jumped, but Menabozho caught its head in his hands. The kingfisher
twisted his head out of Menabozho’s fingers, gave a laugh, and flew away; and
that is the way he got his ruffle.
Ooranah. [237]

[Contents]
V. HOW THE WOODCHUCK HELPED MENABOZHO

(Chippewa, 1895)

enabozho watched for the


water manitou, and he stood
just like a stump of a tree.
The bear which was
watching for Menabozho did
not see him. The mud turtle
which was watching did not
know that he was the stump,
so they went to sleep; then
Menabozho got back his
wolfskin from under the
manitou, and the manitou
did not need it any more.

All the other water manitous


gave chase after
Menabozho to avenge their
brother. He called to a
woodchuck to dig fast into a
hill.

Menabozho pulled into the hole all the dirt that the woodchuck threw out. The
water manitous found no hole in the hill, and Menabozho got away.

Menabozho gave the woodchuck long claws and soft hair. He told him that the
corn is good. He called the woodchuck his brother because he helped to hide
Menabozho from the water manitous.

Ooranah. [238]
Sioux Indians and Teepee

From a Photograph

[239]

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