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vi CONTENTS
5. WHAT IS IN A NAME? Abbreviations Related to the

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115
What Is Your Name? .............................. 116 Respiratory System ................................. 233
Review Exercises .................................... 119 Review Exercises ................................... 234
6. GUT INSTINCTS 127 10. SKIN DEEP 243

Functions of the Digestive System ...............127 Functions of the Integumentary System ........ 243
Structures of the Digestive System ...............127 Structures of the Integumentary System ....... 244
Digestion ..............................................143 Test Me: Integumentary System ................. 250
Test Me: Digestive System ....................... 144 Pathology: Integumentary System .............. 252
Pathology: Digestive System ..................... 146 Procedures: Integumentary System ............. 259
Procedures: Digestive System ....................153 Abbreviations Related to the
Integumentary System ............................. 260
Abbreviations Related to the
Digestive System ....................................156 Review Exercises ................................... 260
Review Exercises ....................................156
11. THE GREAT COMMUNICATOR 269
7. NULL AND VOID 167 Functions of the Endocrine System ............. 269
Functions of the Urinary System..................167 Structures of the Endocrine System ............. 269
Structures of the Urinary System .................168 Test Me: Endocrine System ...................... 275
Urine ...................................................171 Pathology: Endocrine System ................... 275
Test Me: Urinary System...........................172 Procedures: Endocrine System .................. 277
Pathology: Urinary System ........................176 Abbreviations Related to the
Endocrine System .................................. 278
Procedures: Urinary System .......................179
Review Exercises ................................... 279
Urinary System ..................................... 179
12. 1 + 1 = 3 (OR MORE) 289
The Functions of the Reproductive System .... 290
8. HAVE A HEART 191 Functions of the Male Reproductive System ... 290
Functions of the Cardiovascular System .......191 Structures of the Male Reproductive System .... 290
Structures of the Cardiovascular System .......191 Functions of the Female Reproductive System ... 293
Test Me: Cardiovascular System ............... 202 Structures of the Female Reproductive System ... 294
Pathology: Cardiovascular System ............. 204 The Estrous Cycle .................................. 297
Procedures: Cardiovascular System ........... 208 Mating, Pregnancy, and Birth ................... 299
Abbreviations Related to the Test Me: Reproductive System .................. 302
Cardiovascular System ........................... 208 Pathology: Reproductive System ................ 302
Review Exercises ................................... 209 Procedures: Reproductive System............... 305
9. A BREATH OF FRESH AIR 219 Reproductive System............................... 306
Functions of the Respiratory System .............219 Review Exercises ................................... 307
Structures of the Respiratory System ........... 220
Breathing ............................................. 226 13. NERVES OF STEEL 317
Test Me: Respiratory System ..................... 228 Functions of the Nervous System ................ 317
Pathology: Respiratory System .................. 230 Structures of the Nervous System ............... 318
Procedures: Respiratory System ................. 233 Central Nervous System...........................321
Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
CONTENTS vii
Peripheral Nervous System ...................... 325 16. TESTING TESTING 397

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Test Me: Nervous System ........................ 328 Basic Physical Examination Terminology ..... 398
Pathology: Nervous System ..................... 329 Laboratory Terminology........................... 400
Procedures: Nervous System .................... 333 Basic Medical and Disease Terms ............ 402
Abbreviations Related to the Nervous System ... 334 Pathogenic Organisms ........................... 402
Review Exercises ................................... 334 Types of Diseases ................................. 404
Disease Terminology ............................. 405
14. SEEING AND HEARING 343
Endoscopy Terminology .......................... 407
Functions of the Eye ............................... 344
Centesis Terminology.............................. 407
Structures of the Eye ............................... 344
Imaging Techniques Terminology .............. 407
Vision.................................................. 347
Abbreviations Related to Testing................. 412
Test Me: Eyes ....................................... 347
Review Exercises .................................... 413
Pathology: Eyes .................................... 349
Procedures: Eyes ................................... 353 17. DRUGS AND DISSECTION 421
Functions of the Ear ................................ 353 Pharmacologic Terms ..............................421
Structures of the Ear ............................... 353 Surgical Terms ...................................... 425
Mechanism of Hearing ........................... 356 Abbreviations Related to Pharmacology
Mechanism of Equilibrium........................ 356 and Surgery ......................................... 433
Test Me: Ears........................................ 358 Review Exercises ................................... 434
Pathology: Ears ..................................... 358
Procedures: Ears .................................... 359 18. LIKE CATS AND DOGS 441
Abbreviations Related to the Ocular Dogs and Cats ..................................... 441
and Auditory Systems ............................. 359 Anatomy and Physiology Terms ................ 442
Review Exercises ................................... 360 Breed-Related Terms ............................... 443
Descriptive and Management Terms .......... 443
15. FEED AND PROTECT ME 369 Canine and Feline Vaccinations ............... 448
Hematologic System .............................. 370 Abbreviations Related to Canines
Test Me: Hematologic System ................... 374 and Felines .......................................... 449
Pathology: Hematologic System ................ 374 Review Exercises ................................... 450
Procedures: Hematologic System ............... 377
Lymphatic System ...................................377 19. HORSE SENSE 459
Immune System ...................................... 380 Horses, Donkeys, Mules, and Ponies ......... 459
Test Me: Lymphatic and Immune Systems .... 384 Mode of Movement ............................... 460
Pathology: Lymphatic and Immune Systems ...384 Anatomy, Physiology, Disease, and
Coat Color Terms ...................................461
Procedures: Lymphatic and Immune Systems ... 385
Markings ............................................. 463
Oncology ............................................ 385
Equipment ............................................ 465
Test Me: Oncology ................................ 385
Management Terms ............................... 465
Pathology: Oncology ............................. 386
Types of Horses .................................... 469
Procedures: Oncology ............................ 387
Terms for Unsoundness in Horses .............. 470
Abbreviations Related to the Hematologic,
Lymphatic, and Immune Systems as well Equine Vaccinations ............................... 472
as Oncology ........................................ 387 Abbreviations Related to Equine ................ 472
Review Exercises ................................... 388 Review Exercises ................................... 473
viii CONTENTS
20. MAKE ROOM FOR THE Pet Bird Terms ....................................... 520
RUMINANTS 479 Ratite Terms ......................................... 522
Abbreviations for Avians ..........................523
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Ruminants ............................................ 479

Cattle ................................................. 479 Review Exercises ................................... 524
Equipment and Industry Terms .................. 480
Milk-Related Terms ................................. 486 23. ALL THE REST 531
Feeding-Related Terms ............................ 489 Laboratory Animals, Pocket Pets,
Reptiles, and Amphibians .........................531
Sheep ................................................. 490
Rodents ............................................... 538
Goats ................................................. 492
Ferrets ................................................. 546
Camelids ............................................. 493
Rabbits ................................................ 548
Ruminant Vaccinations ............................ 494
Reptiles ............................................... 552
Abbreviations Related to Ruminants............ 495
Amphibians .......................................... 556
Abbrevations for Laboratory Animals
and Pocket Pets ..................................... 558
21. HOG HEAVEN 501
Pigs .....................................................501
Equipment and Industry Terms .................. 502 APPENDIX A: Abbreviations 567
Swine Management Terms ...................... 503
Swine Vaccinations ................................ 503 APPENDIX B: Plural Forms of
Abbreviations Related to Swine ................ 505 Medical Terms 575
APPENDIX C: Prefixes, Combining
22. BIRDS OF A FEATHER 511 Forms, and Suffixes for Medical
Birds .................................................... 511 Terms 577
Anatomy and Physiology Terms .................512
Poultry Terms .........................................516 Index 595
PREFACE
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TO THE STUDENT Chapter 5 consists of terms used in the animal indus-

try to describe males and females of selected species
Medical terminology may seem like a foreign lan-
and terms for their young and for groups of their spe-
guage because many of the terms are unfamiliar, seem
cies. Chapters 6 through 15 are organized by body
strange, or do not make sense. However, to communi-
systems. These chapters describe the anatomy of the
cate in the medical world, you need a thorough under-
body system; include clinical terms used in reference
standing of the language.
to it; and conclude with diagnostic tests, pathology,
Most medical terms are based on word parts that
and procedures for the body system. Chapters 16 and
already may be familiar. You may have heard words
17 relate tests, procedures, and treatments used in
such as appendicitis, gastritis, and tonsillectomy or
the care of animals in the veterinary medical field.
used them in the past. You may not realize how many
Chapters 18 through 23 are species-specific chapters
medical terms you already know. Building on this
that you can study independently to enhance your
foundation, learning new word parts will make medi-
knowledge of a particular species or that your instruc-
cal terminology seem more logical.
tor may incorporate into other chapters to assess your
This text and the accompanying materials sim-
progress. Appendix A consists of tables of abbrevia-
plify the process of learning medical terminology.
tions, and Appendix B contains plural forms of medi-
Review the introductory sections so you are familiar
cal terms. Appendix C lists prefixes, combining forms,
with the organizational scheme of the textbook and
and suffixes.
CourseMateTM. Once you become comfortable with
the materials, you will find yourself learning medical
terms faster than you ever imagined possible. COURSEMATE
CourseMate complements your textbook with several
Chapter Organization robust and noteworthy components:
The chapters in An Illustrated Guide to Veterinary • An interactive eBook, with highlighting, note tak-
Medical Terminology, Fourth Edition, are organized in ing, and search capabilities.
the following fashion: • Interactive and engaging learning tools, including
flashcards quizzes, games, PowerPoint® presenta-
• Introduction to medical terms
tions, and much more!
• Anatomical foundations
• Engagement Tracker, a first-of-its-kind tool that
• Body systems
monitors student participation and retention in
• Species-specific chapters
the course.
Chapter 1 provides the basics of how medical terms
To access CourseMate content:
are formed, analyzed, and defined. Chapter 2 provides
terms used in everyday dialogue regarding position- • Go to www.cengagebrain.com.
ing of animals and relationships between body parts. • For an Internet access code (Order #
Chapters 3 and 4 discuss anatomical landmarks both 978-1-1331-2582-2)
internally (musculoskeletal system) and externally • For a Print access code (Order #
(common terms for landmarks on an animal’s body). 978-1-1331-2583-9)
ix
x PREFACE
TO THE INSTRUCTOR Kenneth Brooks, DVM, Diplomate ABVP

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Lodi Veterinary Hospital, SC, Lodi, WI

An Instructor Companion Website is available to facilitate
classroom preparation, presentation, and testing. This Eric Burrough, DVM
includes an instructor’s manual that provides answer keys Kirkwood Community College, Cedar Rapids, IA
for all exercises in the text, teaching tips, and activities
Stephen J. Carleton, DVM
to enhance your teaching of medical terminology. A test
Quinnipiac University, Connecticut
bank contains 1,000 questions in the following formats:
multiple choice, short answer, and matching. An image Anne E. Chauvet, DVM, Diplomate
library containing the images from the text can be used ACVIM—Neurology
to create PowerPoint® slides, transparencies, or handouts University of Wisconsin Veterinary Medical Teaching
for students. PowerPoint® presentations can be used to Hospital, Madison, WI
deliver lectures or to provide as handouts to students.
Jane Clark, DVM
This content can be accessed through your
Madison Area Technical College, Madison, WI
Instructor SSO account.
To set up your account: Michael T. Collins, DVM, PhD
University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary
• Go to www.cengagebrain.com/login.
Medicine, Madison, WI
• Choose Create a New Faculty Account.
• Next you will need to select your Institution. Thomas Curro, DVM, MS
• Complete your personal Account Information. Henry Doorly Zoo, Omaha, Nebraska
• Accept the License Agreement.
Deb Donohoe, LATG
• Choose Register.
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
• Your account will be pending validation; you will
receive an e-mail notification when the validation Wendy Eubanks, CVT
process is complete. Chickasaw Trail Animal Hospital, Orlando, FL
• If you are unable to find your Institution; com-
Ron Fabrizius, DVM, Diplomate ACT
plete an Account Request Form.
Poynette Veterinary Service, Inc., Poynette, WI
Once your account is set up or if you already have an
Kelly Gilligan, DVM
account:
Four Paws Veterinary Clinic, LLC, Prairie du Sac, WI
• Go to www.cengagebrain.com/login.
Carmen M. Gorder
• Enter your e-mail address and password and
Science Student, Waterloo, WI
select Sign In.
• Search for your book by author, title, or ISBN. John H. Greve, DVM, PhD
• Select the book and click Continue. Iowa State University, Ames, IA
• You will receive a list of available resources for
Gerald Hackett, DVM
the title you selected.
California Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA
• Choose the resources you would like and click
Add to My Bookshelf. Brain J. Heim, DVM
Cedar Valley College, Lancaster, Texas
Mark Jackson, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM,
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS MRCVS
Special thanks to the following people who helped Glasgow University, Scotland
review this text and answered many questions regard-
Linda Kratochwill, DVM
ing medical terminology throughout its development.
Crow-Goebel Veterinary Clinic, Scanlon, MN
Without their expertise, the text would not have been
as complete. Amy Lang, RTR
University of Wisconsin Veterinary Medical Teaching
Kevin R. Berry, CVT
Hospital, Madison, WI
Gaska Dairy Health Services, Columbus, WI
Laura L. Lien, CVT, BS, MS, VTS (LAIM)
Kay Bradley, BS, CVT
PREFACE xi
Carole Maltby, DVM staff at Cengage Learning and my family for their con-
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Maple Woods Community College, Kansas City, MO tinued support.

A. Edward Marshall, DVM, PhD
Auburn University, Auburn, AL
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Sheila McGuirk, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM
Dr. Janet Romich received her Bachelor of Science degree
in Animal Science from the University of Wisconsin–
River Falls and her Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
James T. Meronek, DVM, MPH and Master of Science degree from the University of
ABS Global Inc, DeForest, WI Wisconsin–Madison. Currently, Dr. Romich teaches
at Madison Area Technical College in Madison,
David Morales, DVM
Wisconsin, where she has taught and continues to
Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma City, OK
teach a variety of science-based courses. Dr. Romich
Karl Peter, DVM was honored with the Distinguished Teacher Award in
Foothill College, Los Altos Hills, CA 2004 for use of technology in the classroom, advisory
and professional activities, publication list, and fund-
Kathrine Polzin, BA, CVT
raising efforts. She received the Wisconsin Veterinary
Technician Association’s Veterinarian of the Year Award
in 2007 for her contributions in educating veterinary
Stuart Porter, VMD technician students and promoting the use of veterinary
Blue Ridge Community College, Weyers Cave, VA technicians in the workplace. Dr. Romich authored the
textbooks Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary
Teri Raffel, CVT
Technicians and Understanding Zoonotic Diseases, as
well as served as a coauthor on Delmar’s Veterinary
Linda Sullivan, DVM Technician Dictionary. Dr. Romich remains active in vet-
University of Wisconsin Veterinary Medical Teaching erinary practice through her relief practice, where she
Hospital, Madison, WI works in both small- and mixed-animal practices.
Laurie Thomas, BA, MA
Clinicians Publishing Group/Partners in Medical How to Use This Text
Communications, Clifton, NJ
An Illustrated Guide to Veterinary Medical Terminology,
Beth Uldal Thompson, VMD Fourth Edition, helps you learn and retain medical ter-
Veterinary Technician/Veterinary Learning Systems, minology using a logical approach to medical word
Trenton, NJ parts and associations. Following are the keys to learn-
ing from this text.
Animart
Madison, WI
I also would like to express my gratitude to Beth Illustrations
Thompson, VMD, and Laurie Thomas, BA, MA, of Complete with detailed labeling, the text’s line draw-
Veterinary Learning Systems for their determination ings clarify key concepts and contain important infor-
in advancing my writing skills through the publication mation of their own. In addition to line drawings,
of journal articles for Veterinary Technician Journal. photos are included to enhance the visual perception
Without their guidance I would not have honed my of medical terms and improve retention of medical
writing skills. I also would like to thank the many vet- terms and use of these terms in the real world. Review
erinary technician and laboratory animal technician each illustration and photo carefully for easy and effec-
students at Madison Area Technical College for their tive learning.
support and continued critique of the veterinary ter-
minology course. A special thank-you goes to the 1998
veterinary technician and laboratory animal techni- Charts and Tables
cian students at Madison Area Technical College, who Charts and tables condense material in a visually
learned terminology through my rough draft of the appealing and organized fashion to ensure rapid learn-
original text. Finally, I would like to thank the excellent ing. Some tables include terms organized by opposites
xii PREFACE
or body systems to facilitate relating the information include several formats: multiple choice, matching,
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to various situations. case studies, word building, diagram labeling, cross-

word puzzles, and critical thinking. The answers to the
exercises are found in the Instructor’s Manual.
New Terms
New terms appear in bold type, followed by the pro-
nunciation and definition. NEW TO THIS EDITION
Features
Pronunciation System • An overview has been added to the beginning of
The pronunciation system is an easy approach to each chapter. This serves as a road map to the
learning the sounds of medical terms. This system is chapter content.
not laden with linguistic marks and variables, ensuring • Biology Bonus—a boxed feature that correlates the
that students do not get bogged down in understand- terminology to biological concepts. These will be
ing the key. Once students become familiar with the found throughout the reading where appropriate.
key, it is very easy for them to progress in speaking the • A section on relevant abbreviations has been
medical language. added at the end of most chapters.
• Additional Review Questions have been added
to chapters including True/False and Critical
Pronunciation Key Thinking questions.
• Additional artwork has been added to most
Pronunciation Guide chapters to further engage students and enhance
• Pronunciation guides for common words are student comprehension.
omitted.
Chapter 1
• Any vowel that has a dash above it represents the
• Added a section on root words
long sound, as in ā hay, ē we, ī ice, ō toe, and ū
• Added some additional suffixes (-ia, -ion, -ive, -us)
unicorn.
• Added examples related to spelling and pronun-
• Any vowel followed by an “h” represents the short
ciation of terms
sound, as in ah apple, eh egg, ih igloo, oh pot, and
• Added box emphasizing the importance of proper
uh cut.
communication both verbal and written to avoid
• Unique letter combinations are as follows: oo
medical errors
boot, ər higher, oy boy, aw caught, and ow ouch.
Chapter 2
Other Pronunciation Guidelines • Added discussion of the suffix -logist
Word parts are represented in the text as prefixes, com- Chapter 3
bining forms, and suffixes. The notation for a prefix is • Added terms: fissure, densitometer, goniometer,
a word part followed by a hyphen. The notation for a epiphysitis, spur, crepitus, displaced fracture,
combining form (word root and its vowel to ease pro- pathologic fracture, stress fracture, external
nunciation) is the root followed by a slash and its vowel, fixation, atrophy, leiomyoma, myoma, and
as in nephr/o. The notation for a suffix is a hyphen fol- rhabdomyoma
lowed by the word part. The terms prefix, combining • New table distinguishing between bone depres-
form, and suffix do not appear in the definitions. sions and extensions
• New section on chiropractic care and related
Learning Objectives terminology
The beginning of each chapter lists learning objectives Chapter 6
so that students know what is expected of them as they • New terms added: prandial, coprophagic therapy,
read the text and complete the exercises. reflux, inflammatory bowel disease, malnutrition,
total parenteral nutrition, and transfaunation
• New word parts: cirrh/o and dips/o
Review Exercises • Expanded definition of colic as presented in the horse
Exercises at the end of each chapter help you interact • Expanded definition of dehydration and
with and review the chapter’s content. The exercises diarrhea
PREFACE xiii
Chapter 7 • Includes a list of common terminology used to

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• Added the following word parts: home/o and describe tumors

azot/o • Added discussion of various types of biopsies
• Added the following terms: nephroplasty, neph- • Added the terms: hematology, colloid, reticu-
rostomy, nephrotomy, ureterotomy, ureteroplasty, locytosis, segmented neutrophil, heterophils,
urethrolithiasis urethrolith, and urethrotomy ultrasound, disseminated intravascular coagula-
• Expanded definition of urinalysis tion, modified transudate, herd immunity, innate
immunity, inherent or genetic immunity, titer,
Chapter 8
apoptosis, and encapsulated, leiomyosarcoma,
• Added terms: atrial septal defect, mitral stenosis,
rhabdomyosarcoma, fulguration, protocol, rads,
and thromboembolism
radiosensitive, radioresistant, and leukotrichia
• Added section on abbreviations related to the
• Added word parts: poikilo, mut/a, and blast/o
cardiovascular system
Chapter 16
Chapter 9
• Expanded description of pH
• Added terms: arterial blood gases, consolidation,
• Expanded discussions of the various imaging
and sputum culture
techniques
• Added the following word parts: -plegia
• Added term: enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
Chapter 10 • Added word parts: staphyl/o and strept/o
• Added terms: root, caseous, excoriation, pododer-
matitis, bumblefoot, and sore hocks Chapter 17
• Added the word parts: -grade, alopec/o, carcin/o, • Expanded discussion of surgery
fistul/o, papill/o, and papill/i • Added the terms: pharmacogenomics, vaccine,
antacid, preventative, manipulative, diagnostic,
Chapter 11 minimally invasive, reconstructive, cryogenic,
• More descriptive definition of the secretions of and cauterizing
the pancreas • Added word parts: thec/o
• Expanded definition of hypoglycemia
• Added the word parts: mellit/o, ket/o, gynec/o, Chapter 18
and mast/o • Expanded discussion of variations in personalities
of cats and dogs as well as the roll of the American
Chapter 12 Kennel Club and the Cat Fancier’s Association
• Added definition of artificial insemination • Added terms: brindle, ad libitum feeding, allog-
• Added the word parts: copulat/o, coit/o, abort/o, rooming, Association of American Feed Control
crypt/o, -tocia, terat/o, mut/a, phim/o, fet/o, and Officials, bloom, body condition, cattery, cham-
vas/o pion, choke chain, collar, fancier, food hopper, guar-
• Added term: ovoviviparous anteed analysis, harness, head halter, brush, digest,
Chapter 13 kennel, kneading, leash, libido, limit feeding, litter
• Added definition of the blood brain barrier pan (box), mask, natural breed, net quality state-
• Added these word parts: lept/o, home/o, -plegia, ment, nutritional adequacy statement, obligate car-
opisth/o, and bifid/o nivore, pedigreed cat, pet quality, ruff, sex-linked
trait, sexing, socialization, spraying, steatitis, stray,
Chapter 14 disposition, tie, topknot, undercoat, and wirecoat
• Added the word parts: extrins/o
• Added the following terms: episclera, fundus, Chapter 19
funduscopy, infectious keratoconjunctivitis, • Expanded introduction to the chapter
keratoconjunctivitis sicca, dry eye, nictitating • Added terms: barrel racing, English, gait, gym-
gland prolapse, and cherry eye or third eyelid khana, racing, showing, bay, buckskin, overo,
prolapse pinto, roan, stock type, tobiano, curb bit, snaffle
bit, reins, covered by a stallion, groom, grooming
Chapter 15 equipment, in foal, saddle pad, and stock
• Updates and clarifications of definitions through-
out the chapter; includes differentiation between Chapter 20
mammals and non-mammals • Expanded introduction to cattle, sheep, goats, and
• Expanded discussion of immunity camelids
xiv PREFACE
• Added terms: auction, backgrounding, beef contract growers, coop, dressed bird, feed effi-
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checkoff, breed character, bulk tank, California ciency, force-feeding, free range, hatchability,
mastitis test, colostrometer, composite breed, hatchery, hen-day production, hierarchy, pecking
condition, Confined Animal Feeding Operations, order, incubation, litter, variety, aviary, aviculture,
dairy character, downer, estrus synchronization, cage, and self-mutilation
finish, frame, grade, gutter, gutter cleaner, alley • Discussion of feather patterns and comb types
scraper, herd health program, implant, market
Chapter 23
animal, muscling, nose tongs, precondition-
• Added the following terms: altricial, arboreal,
ing, range, registered, tilt table, milk grade, milk
autonomy, bolt hole, Bruce effect, Harderian
letdown, milking parlor, energy feed, energy
gland, dwarf, ectotherm, endotherm, fixed for-
efficiency, grass, handfed, milk replacer, total
mula, free choice, fuzzy, genome, homeotherm,
mixed ration, accelerated lambing, broken mouth,
hoppers, hutch, hygrometer, parthenogenesis,
browse, early spring lambs, fall lambs, farm flock,
pinky, poikilotherm, precocial, whorl, scruff,
fed lambs, feeder lambs, flocking instinct, lambing
urethral cone, urostyle, warren, Whitten effect,
pen, late spring lamb, mixed grazing, open face,
Coprophagic therapy, urolithiasis, polyphyodon-
yearling, dust pile, humming, and kush
tic, hemipenes, metamorphosis, amplexus, spawn,
Chapter 21 and poikilotherms
• Expanded introduction to swine • Expanded discussion of mice, rats, guinea pigs,
• Added the following terms: dressing, free access hamsters, gerbils, chinchillas, ferrets, rabbits, and
gestation housing, and tail docking amphibians
Chapter 22
• Added the following terms: down feather, preen-
ing, average daily gain, battery cage, bleaching,
breed, brooding, cannibalism, class, confinement,
Chapter 1
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READY, SET, GO
OVERVIEW
Introduction to Medical Description of Greek and Latin origins of medical terms, as well as the
Terminology use of eponyms and modern language terms, for communication in a
medical setting
Anatomy of a Medical Term Introduction to word parts and their roles in creating complex medical terms
Prefixes The word part attached at the beginning of a word that usually, but not
always, indicates location, time, number, or status
Roots The word part that gives the essential meaning of the word; roots usually,
but not always, indicate a part of the body
Combining Vowels Single vowel used to make the medical word easier to pronounce; the
combining vowel is usually an o and is used when the suffix begins with a
consonant or when two or more roots are joined
Combining Forms Word root plus combining vowel
Suffixes The word part attached at the end of a word that usually, but not always,
indicates the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease
Analyzing Medical Terms Knowledge of word parts helps to decipher medical terms
What Did You Say? Guidelines to make pronunciation and medical dictionary use easier
General Pronunciation Guidelines “Sounds-like” pronunciation guide
Does Spelling Count? A one-letter spelling error can change the entire meaning of a term
Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
• Identify and recognize the types of word parts that make up a medical term
• Define commonly used prefixes, roots, combining forms, and suffixes presented in this chapter
• Analyze and understand basic medical terms
• Recognize the importance of spelling medical terms correctly
• Practice proper pronunciation of medical terms using the pronunciation guide
• Recognize the importance of and practice medical dictionary use
• Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the medical terms in this chapter
2 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL word parts, the veterinary professional can greatly

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increase his or her medical vocabulary.

TERMINOLOGY
Medical terms are used every day in medical offices,
newspapers, television, and conversational settings. PREFIXES
Most people are familiar with many medical terms; Prefixes are added to the beginning of a word or root
however, other medical terms seem complicated and to modify its meaning. For example, the term operative
foreign. Learning and understanding how medical can be modified using various prefixes.
terminology developed can help in mastering these
terms. • The prefix pre- means before. Preoperative
Current medical vocabulary is based on terms of means before or preceding an operation.
Greek and Latin origin, eponyms (words formed from • The prefix peri- (pehr-ē) means around.
a person’s name), and modern language terms. The Perioperative means pertaining to the period
majority of medical terms are derived from word parts around an operation or the period before, during,
based on Greek and Latin words. Increasing familiar- and after an operation.
ity with these Greek and Latin terms as well as the • The prefix post- means after. Postoperative
ability to identify word parts aids in learning com- means after an operation.
mon medical terms and recognizing unfamiliar medi- Many prefixes have another prefix whose meaning
cal terms by word analysis. Medical terminology may is opposite of its own. Initially, when learning prefixes,
seem daunting at first because of the length of medical it is helpful to learn them in these pairs or in similar
words and the seemingly complex spelling rules, but groups (Table 1–1, Table 1–2, and Figure 1–1).
once the basic rules of breaking down a word into its
constituents are mastered, the words become easier to
read and understand. ROOTS
Roots are the foundation of most medical terms and
provide the essential meaning of the word. Roots
ANATOMY OF A MEDICAL TERM usually, but not always, describe the part of the body
Many medical terms are composed of word part com- that is involved. Examples of roots are found distrib-
binations. Recognizing these word parts and their uted throughout this chapter and an extensive root
meanings simplifies learning medical terminology. list categorized by body system will be presented in
These word parts are as follows: Chapter 2 (Table 2–2).
• prefix: word part found at the beginning of a COMBINING VOWELS

word. Usually indicates number, location, time, or
status. A combining vowel sometimes is used to make the
• root: word part that gives the essential medical term easier to pronounce. The combining
meaning of the word. A root cannot stand vowel is used when the suffix begins with a consonant,
alone; a suffix must be added to complete the as in the suffix -scope. An arthroscope is an instru-
term. ment used to visually examine the joint. Because the
• combining vowel: single vowel, usually an o, that suffix -scope begins with a consonant, the combining
is added to the end of a root to make the word vowel o is used. O is the most commonly used com-
easier to pronounce. A combining vowel is used bining vowel; however, i and e may be used as well. A
when a suffix begins with a consonant or when combining vowel is not used when the suffix begins
two or more roots are joined. with a vowel (a, e, i, o, or u), as in the suffix -itis.
• combining form: combination of the root and Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach. Because the
combining vowel. suffix -itis begins with a vowel, the combining vowel
• suffix: word part found at the end of a word. o is not used.
Usually indicates procedure, condition, disease, A combining vowel is always used when two
or disorder. or more root words are joined. For example, when
gastr/o (stomach) is joined with enter/o (small intes-
Understanding the meaning of the word parts tine), the combining vowel is used with gastr/o, as in
allows the dissection of medical terms in a logical way. the term gastroenteritis. A combining vowel is not
By breaking down unfamiliar terms into recognizable used between a prefix and the root word.
READY, SET, GO 3
TABLE 1–1 Contrasting Prefixes

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Without a prefix, the root traumatic means A- (ah or ā) means without or no.
pertaining to injury. Atraumatic means without injury.
Without a prefix, the root uria means urination. An- (ahn) means without or no.
Anuria means absence of urine.
Ab- (ahb) means away from. Ad- (ahd) means toward.
Abduction means to take away from the midline. Adduction means move toward the midline.
Without a prefix, the root emetic means pertaining Anti- (ahn-tī or ahn-tih) means against.
to vomiting. Antiemetics work against or prevent vomiting.
Dys- (dihs) means difficult, painful, or bad. Eu- (yoo) means good, easy, or normal.
Dysphagia means difficulty eating or swallowing. Euthyroid means having a normally functioning
thyroid gland.
Endo- (ehn-dō) means within or inside. Ex- (ehcks) or exo- (ehcks-ō) means without, out of,
outside, or away from.
Endocrine means to secrete internally. Exocrine means to secrete externally (via a duct).
Endo- means within or inside. Ecto- (ehck-tō) means outside.
Endoparasite is an organism that lives within the Ectoparasite is an organism that lives on the outer
body of the host. surface of the host.
Hyper- (hī-pә r) means elevated, higher, or more than Hypo- (hī-pō) means depressed, lower, or less than
normal. normal.
Hyperglycemia means elevated amounts of blood Hypoglycemia means depressed amounts of blood
glucose. glucose.
Inter- (ihn-tә r) means between. Intra- (ihn-trah) means within.
Intercostal means between the ribs. Intramuscular means within the muscle.
Poly- (pohl-ē) means many or excessive. Oligo- (ohl-ih-gō) means scant or little.
Polyuria means excessive amount or frequency of Oliguria means scant amount or frequency of
urination. urination.
Pre- (prē) means before. Post- (pōst) means after.
Preanesthetic means pertaining to before anesthesia. Postanesthetic means pertaining to after anesthesia.
Sub- (suhb) means below, under, or less. Super- (soo-pә r) and supra- (soo-prah) mean above,
beyond, or excessive.
Sublingual means under the tongue. Supernumerary means more than the regular number.
Suprascapular means above the shoulder blade.
Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning®.
COMBINING FORMS Panleukopenia is a deficiency of all types of white

blood cells.
The combining form is a word root plus a combining
vowel. Combining forms usually describe a part of the
body. New words are created when combining forms SUFFIXES
are added to prefixes, other combining forms, and suf-
fixes. For example, the term panleukopenia is com- Suffixes are attached to the end of a word part to
posed of the following word parts: modify its meaning. For example, the combining form
gastr/o means stomach and can be modified using
• pan- (pahn), a prefix meaning all various suffixes.
• leuk/o (loo-kō), a combining form meaning white
• -penia (pē-nē-ah), a suffix meaning deficiency or • The suffix -tomy means cutting into or incision.
reduction in number Gastrotomy is incision into the stomach.
4 CHAPTER 1
TABLE 1–2 Directional Prefixes and Their Many suffixes can be grouped together by mean-
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Meanings ing or by the category they modify. Initially, when

learning suffixes, it is easiest if the learner groups them
Prefix Pronunciation Definition by meaning or category.
epi- (eh-pē) upper
extra- (ehcks-trah) outside “Pertaining To” Suffixes
hyper- (hī-pә r) above, increased, or • -ac (ahck), as in cardiac (pertaining to the
more than normal heart).
• -al (ahl), as in renal (pertaining to the kidney).
hypo- (hī-pō) below, under, or
• -an (ahn), as in ovarian (pertaining to the
decreased
ovary).
infra- (ihn-frah) below or beneath • -ar (ahr), as in lumbar (pertaining to the loin,
inter- (ihn-tә r) between lower back).
• -ary (ahr-ē), as in alimentary (pertaining to the
intra- (ihn-trah) within gastrointestinal tract).
meta- (meht-ah) beyond • -eal (ē-ahl), as in laryngeal (pertaining to the
larynx).
per- (pә r) throughout
• -ic (ihck), as in enteric (pertaining to the small
sub- (suhb) below, under, or intestine).
decreased • -ine (ihn), as in uterine (pertaining to the
uterus).
super- (soo-pә r) above, increased, or
• -ous (uhs), as in cutaneous (pertaining to the
more than normal
skin).
supra- (soo-prah) above, increased, or • -tic (tihck), as in nephrotic (pertaining to the
more than normal kidneys).
trans- (trahnz) across
ultra- (uhl-trah) above, increased, or Surgical Suffixes
more than normal • -ectomy (ehck-tō-mē) = surgical removal, as in
Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning®.
mastectomy, surgical removal of the breast or
mammary glands.
• -pexy (pehck-sē) = suture to stabilize, as in gas-
Ultra, super, supra
tropexy, surgically stabilizing the stomach to the
a
hyper Epi
et
M
abdominal wall.
Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning ®.
r • -plasty (plahs-tē) = surgical repair, as in rhino-

Pe plasty, surgical repair of the nose.
• -stomy (stō-mē) = surgically created opening,
Inter Intra Extra
as in colostomy, a surgically created opening
Trans between the colon and body surface.
• -tomy (tō-mē) = cutting into, as in laparotomy,
Infra Sub, hypo an incision into the abdomen.
FIGURE 1–1 Directional prefixes.

Procedural Suffixes
• -centesis (sehn-tē-sihs) = surgical puncture to
• The suffix -stomy means a surgically created remove fluid or gas (for diagnosis or for treatment
opening. Gastrostomy is a surgically created to remove excess fluid or gas), as in cystocen-
opening between the stomach and the body tesis, a surgical puncture of the urinary bladder
surface. with a needle to remove fluid (urine).
• The suffix -ectomy means surgical removal or • -gram (grahm) = record of, as in electrocar-
excision. Gastrectomy is surgical removal of the diogram, the electrocardiographic hard copy
stomach. record.
READY, SET, GO 5
• -graph (grahf) = instrument that records (or Conditional and Structural Suffixes
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used as a record), as in electrocardiograph, the

• -algia and -dynia (ahl-jē-ah and dihn-ē-ah) = pain,
machine that records the electrical activity of
as in arthralgia and arthrodynia, joint pain.
the heart.
• -ia (ē-ah) = state or condition, as in hyperglycemia,
• -graphy (grahf-ē) = procedure that records, condition of elevated amounts of blood glucose.
as in electrocardiography, the procedure • -ion (shuhn) = action, process, state, or condition, as
used to record the electrical activity of in infarction, condition of blood flow obstruction.
the heart. • -itis (ī-tihs) = inflammation, as in hepatitis,
• -lysis (lī-sihs) = separation or breakdown, as inflammation of the liver.
in urinalysis, separation of the urine into its • -ive (ihv) = performs or tends toward, as in
constituents. congestive, tends toward accumulation of fluid.
• -scope (skōp) = instrument to visually examine, • -malacia (mah-lā-shē-ah) = abnormal softening,
as in endoscope, an instrument used to visually as in osteomalacia, abnormal softening of bone.
examine inside the body. • -megaly (mehg-ah-lē) = enlargement, as in
• -scopy (skōp-ē) = procedure to visually examine, cardiomegaly, enlargement of the heart.
as in endoscopy, the procedure of visually exam- • -osis (ō-sihs) = abnormal condition, as in cardiosis,
ining inside the body. an abnormal condition of the heart.
• -therapy (thehr-ah-pē) = treatment, as in chemo- • -pathy (pahth-ē) = disease, as in enteropathy, a
therapy, treatment with chemical substances or disease of the small intestine.
drugs. • -sclerosis (skleh-rō-sihs) = abnormal hardening, as in
arteriosclerosis, abnormal hardening of the arteries.
• -um (uhm) = structure, as in pericardium, the
Double R Suffixes structure surrounding the heart.
• -rrhagia or -rrhage (rā-jē-ah or rihdj) = bursting • -us (uhs) = thing, as in tarsus, the joint (“thing”)
forth, as in hemorrhage, bursting forth of blood between the tibia and fibula and metatarsal bones.
from the vessels.
Suffixes may change a word’s part of speech. Different
• rrhaphy (rahf-ē) = to suture, as in enterorrhaphy,
suffixes may change the word from a noun (naming people,
suturing of the small intestine.
places, or things) to an adjective (descriptor) (Figure 1–2).
• -rrhea (rē-ah) = flow, discharge, as in diarrhea,
Examples of this include the following terms:
complete discharge of the bowels.
• -rrhexis (rehck-sihs) = rupture, as in myorrhexis, • Cyanosis is a noun meaning condition of blue
rupture of the muscle. discoloration, whereas cyanotic is an adjective
meaning pertaining to blue discoloration.
• Anemia is a noun meaning a blood condition
of deficient red blood cells and/or hemoglobin,
whereas anemic is an adjective meaning pertaining
to a blood condition of deficient red blood cells
and/or hemoglobin.
• Mucus is a noun meaning a slime-like substance
What Is the Difference Between that is composed of glandular secretion, salts, cells,
Human and Veterinary Medical and leukocytes (white blood cells), whereas mucous
Terminology? is an adjective meaning pertaining to mucus.
Most times the medical terms used in human • Ilium is a noun meaning a structure of the hip,
medical settings are identical to the ones used in whereas iliac is an adjective meaning pertaining
veterinary medical settings. The greater number to a structure of the hip.
of species in veterinary medicine and the addition • Condyle is a noun meaning a rounded projection
of terms used in animal production greatly expand on a bone, whereas condylar is an adjective mean-
the vocabulary of veterinary professionals. Species- ing pertaining to a rounded projection on a bone.
specific anatomical differences also influence the • Carpus is a noun meaning the joint (thing)
terms used in a specific area. Do you know where between the radius and ulna and metacarpal
the calf muscle is located on a person? Where is the bones, whereas carpal is an adjective meaning
calf muscle in a calf? pertaining to the joint between the radius and
ulna and metacarpal bones.
6 CHAPTER 1
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Noun Suffix Adjective Suffix
cyanosis -osis cyanotic -tic
anemia -ia anemic -ic
mucus -us mucous -ous
Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning ®.

ilium -um iliac -ac
condyle -e condylar -ar
carpus -us carpal -al
FIGURE 1–2 Suffix variation depending upon usage.
ANALYZING MEDICAL TERMS basic components: ovari/o/hyster/ectomy. Defining

from back to front, the suffix -ectomy is surgical
Medical terminology can be more easily understood
removal, one combining form ovari/o means ovary,
when the following objectives are adhered to when a
and the other combining form hysteri/o means
medical term is examined for the first time:
uterus. Together the term ovariohysterectomy
• Dissect: Analyze the word structurally by dividing means surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus.
it into its basic components. This term is based on the order in which the ovaries
• Begin at the end: After dividing the word into and uterus are found in the body.
its basic parts, define the suffix first, the prefix
second, and then the root. If there are two roots,
divide each one and read them from left to right. WHAT DID YOU SAY?
• Anatomical order: Where body systems are
Proper pronunciation of medical terms takes time
involved, the words usually are built in the
and practice. Listening to how medical profession-
order in which the organs occur in the body. For
als pronounce words, using medical dictionaries and
example, gastroenteritis is the proper term for
textbooks, and listening to prepared audio are the
inflammation of the stomach and small intes-
best ways to learn pronunciation. There are individual
tine. Because food passes from the stomach into
variations based on geographic location and personal
the small intestine, the medical term for stom-
preference. Medical dictionaries also vary in how they
ach appears before the medical term for small
present pronunciation of medical terms. Some sources
intestine. The order of word parts in a medical
mark the syllable receiving the greatest emphasis with
term may also represent the order of blood flow
a primary accent (') and the syllable receiving the sec-
through organs. The exception to this involves
ond most emphasis with a secondary accent ("). Other
some diagnostic procedures in which tools or
sources boldface and capitalize the syllable receiv-
substances are passed retrograde, or in the oppo-
ing the most emphasis, and other sources do not
site direction of anatomical order. In these cases,
emphasize syllables. Consult with references before
the words are built in the order in which the
pronouncing a word. When starting to work with an
equipment passes the body part.
unfamiliar dictionary (print or online version), spend a
Using these guidelines, analyze the term few minutes reviewing its user guide, table of contents,
ovariohysterectomy. First, divide the term into its and appendices.
READY, SET, GO 7
GENERAL PRONUNCIATION TABLE 1–3 Pronunciation Guide

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GUIDELINES Vowel Sound Example

A medical term is easier to understand and remember “a” at the end of ah idea
when you learn to pronounce it properly. To help you a word
master the pronunciation of new terms, a commonly “ae” followed by ah aerobic
accepted pronunciation of the word appears in paren- r or s
theses next to the term. Vowels can be short or long
“i” at the end of ī bronchi
(Table 1–3). Consonants are generally pronounced as
a word
in other English words.
“oe” eh oestrogen (old
English form)
DOES SPELLING COUNT? “oi” oy sarcoid
Be aware of spelling when using medical terminology. “eu” ū euthanasia
Changing one or two letters can change the mean- “ei” ī Einstein
ing of a word. Hepatoma is a liver mass, whereas “ai” ay air
hematoma is a mass or collection of blood (-oma is
“au” aw auditory
the suffix for mass). The urethra takes urine from the
urinary bladder to the outside of the body, whereas Exceptions to Consonant Pronunciations
ureters collect urine from the kidney and transport it Consonant Sound Example
to the urinary bladder.
“c” before e, i, s cecum
Medical terms may be pronounced the same but
and y
have different meanings, so spelling is important. For
example, ileum and ilium are pronounced the same. “c” before a, o, k cancer
However, ileum is the distal part of the small intestine and u
(e = enter/o or e = eating or small intestine has 2 e’s in “g” before e, i, j genetic
it), whereas ilium is part of the pelvic bone (pelvic has and y
an i in it). Some medical terms have the same spell- “g” before a, o, g gall
ing as terms used for other body parts. For example, and u
the combining form myel/o represents the spinal cord “ps” at begin- s psychology
and bone marrow. (It originates from the term mean- ning of word
ing white substance.) Cervical means pertaining to the
neck; however, it may pertain to the neck that joins the “pn” at begin- n pneumonia
head to the body (cervical vertebrae) or the neck of ning of word
an organ (the cervix of the uterus). Other terms have “c” at end of word k anemic
different spellings depending on how the term is used “cc” followed by first c = k, accident
grammatically. For example, when used as a noun, i or y second c = s
mucus (the slimy stuff secreted from mucous mem- “ch” at begin- k chemistry
branes) is spelled differently than when it is used as an ning of word
adjective (as in mucous membrane).
“cn” in middle of both c (pro- gastrocnemius
Some medical terms, if pronounced incorrectly,
word nounce k) and n
sound the same. For example, the term prostate (proh-
(pronounce ehn)
stāt) is a gland that secretes a fluid to aide in sperm
motility in males, whereas the term prostrate (proh- “mn” in middle of both m and n amnesia
strāt) means exhausted or to lie flat on the ground. word
Train your ears to hear the differences in word “pt” at begin- t pterodactyl
pronunciation. Prostate is not prostrate; reflex (an ning of word
automatic, involuntary response to change) is not “pt” in middle of both p and t optical
reflux (backward flow). word
Many medical terms form a verb, noun, plural, and
“rh” r rhinoceros
adjective form. For example, you will need to know
diagnose (verb), diagnosis (noun), diagnoses (plural), “x” at beginning z xylophone
and diagnostic (adjective). Keep this in mind when you of word xenograph
are learning new terms. Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning®.
8 CHAPTER 1
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When looking up a medical term in the diction-

ary, spelling plays an important role. However, the
term may not be spelled the way it sounds. The fol-
Why Is Precision Needed in lowing guidelines can be used to find a word in the
Veterinary Medical Communication? dictionary:
Each year animals die because of drug reactions and
medical errors. Many of these errors are due to inac- • If it sounds like f, it may begin with f or ph.
curate or imprecise written or verbal communication • If it sounds like j, it may begin with g or j.
between members of the veterinary health care team. • If it sounds like k, it may begin with c, ch, k, or qu.
Many words, when written or pronounced, have a • If it sounds like s, it may begin with c, ps, or s.
word part that if misspelled or mispronounced gives • If it sounds like z, it may begin with x or z.
the intended word an entirely different meaning.
A treatment based on the response to a medical term
with a different meaning than the intended term
could cause a medical error and perhaps the death
of a patient. Precision in written and verbal commu-
nication is essential to prevent errors in patient care.
Keep in mind that the medical record in which you
document a patient’s care and your actions is a legal
document. It may be used in court as evidence in
professional medical liability cases.
REVIEW EXERCISES
Multiple Choice
Choose the correct answer.
1. The prefix ______ means away from. 5. The suffix ______ means incision.
a. ad- a. -ex
b. ab- b. -tomy
c. ex- c. -ectomy
d. endo- d. -graphy
2. The suffix ______ means an instrument to visu- 6. The suffix ______ means abnormal condition.
ally examine. a. -osis
a. -ectomy b. -rrhea
b. -scope c. -rrhagia
c. -scopy d. -uria
d. -graphy
7. The suffix ______ means separation or breaking
3. The prefix ______ means elevated, while the into parts.
prefix ______ means depressed. a. -gram
a. pre-, post- b. -pexy
b. endo-, exo- c. -um
c. hyper-, hypo- d. -lysis
d. inter-, intra-
8. The prefix ______ means below.
4. The suffix ______ means pertaining to. a. supra-
a. -al b. super-
b. -ary or -ar c. inter-
c. -ic d. sub-
d. all of the above
READY, SET, GO 9
9. The prefix(es) ______ mean(s) many. 17. Which word association is incorrect?
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a. olig a. inter- means between

b. a-, an- b. sub- means below, under, or less
c. poly- c. an- means without or no
d. eu- d. ad- means away from
10. The prefix(es) ______ mean(s) without 18. Which suffix means to rupture?
or no. a. -rrhage
a. a-, an- b. -rrhaphy
b. olig- c. -rrhea
c. dys- d. -rrhexis
d. hyper- 19. Which prefix means around?
11. The suffix -algia means a. hyper-
b. hypo-
a. pain
c. peri-
b. excessive
d. supra-
c. liver
d. abnormal condition 20. In the term panleukopenia, the o between leuk
and penia is called a
12. The prefix pre- means a. combining form
a. after b. suffix
b. around c. combining vowel
c. before d. root
d. during
21. The term cardiomyopathy has a suffix meaning
13. Which suffix may be part of the term meaning a a. action
procedure to visually examine? b. condition
a. -lysis c. disease
b. -scopy d. pertaining to
c. -rrhexis 22. Which term has the suffix meaning study of ?
d. -scope a. myocardium
14. Which type of word part is always placed at the b. cardiologist
end of a term? c. intravenous
d. neurology
a. combining form
b. prefix 23. Which set contains prefixes that have opposite
c. suffix meaning?
d. root a. hyper- and hypo-
b. micro- and macro-
15. Which type of word part is always placed at the c. dys- and eu-
beginning of a term? d. all of the above
a. combining form
24. Which of the following terms is an adjective?
b. prefix
c. suffix a. mucus
d. root b. ilium
c. anemic
16. Which word part gives the essential meaning of a d. cyanosis
term? 25. Which term does not contain a prefix?
a. combining form a. transfusion
b. prefix b. gastritis
c. suffix c. intercostal
d. root d. polyuria
10 CHAPTER 1
Matching
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Match the word parts in Column I with the definition in Column II.
Column I Column II
1. ______ -itis a. incision or cutting into
2. ______ -gram b. before
3. ______ post- c. surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas
4. ______ -tomy d. difficult, painful, or bad
5. ______ pre- e. enlargement
6. ______ -centesis f. excision or surgical removal
7. ______ -therapy g. liver
8. ______ dys- h. kidney
9. ______ peri- i. inflammation
10. ______ ren/o j. record
11. ______ hepat/o k. after
12. ______ -megaly l. treatment
13. ______ -ectomy m. around
14. ______ hyper- n. pain
15. ______ -algia o. excessive, increased
Match the definition in Column I to its word part in Column II.

Column I Column II
1. ______ abnormal condition or disease a. -lysis
2. ______ abnormal softening b. -rrhea
3. ______ deficient, decreased c. -plasty
4. ______ bursting forth d. -rrhage
5. ______ creation of an artificial opening to the body surface e. eu-
6. ______ surgical repair f. -graphy
7. ______ all g. epi-
8. ______ suture to stabilize h. inter-
9. ______ procedure to visually examine i. -scopy
10. ______ good, easy, or normal j. -pexy
11. ______ upper k. hypo-
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An Illustrated Guide to Veterinary

Medical Terminology (MindTap Course

Veterinary Medical Terminology: Guide and Workbook 1st

Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Spiral

SPEAK (MindTap Course List) 4th Edition, (Ebook PDF)

(eBook PDF) Speak Up!: An Illustrated Guide to Public

Organization Theory and Design (MindTap Course List) –

Public Speaking: The Evolving Art (MindTap Course List)

Fundamentals of Financial Management, Concise Edition

Symptom to Diagnosis An Evidence Based Guide, Third

5. WHAT IS IN A NAME? Abbreviations Related to the

6. GUT INSTINCTS 127 10. SKIN DEEP 243

Peripheral Nervous System ...................... 325 16. TESTING TESTING 397

Ruminants ............................................ 479

TO THE STUDENT Chapter 5 consists of terms used in the animal indus-

TO THE INSTRUCTOR Kenneth Brooks, DVM, Diplomate ABVP

Lodi Veterinary Hospital, SC, Lodi, WI

Maple Woods Community College, Kansas City, MO tinued support.

to various situations. case studies, word building, diagram labeling, cross-

Chapter 7 • Includes a list of common terminology used to

• Added the following word parts: home/o and describe tumors

INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL word parts, the veterinary professional can greatly

increase his or her medical vocabulary.

• prefix: word part found at the beginning of a COMBINING VOWELS

TABLE 1–1 Contrasting Prefixes

COMBINING FORMS Panleukopenia is a deficiency of all types of white

Meanings ing or by the category they modify. Initially, when

r • -plasty (plahs-tē) = surgical repair, as in rhino-

FIGURE 1–1 Directional prefixes.

used as a record), as in electrocardiograph, the

Noun Suffix Adjective Suffix

cyanosis -osis cyanotic -tic

anemia -ia anemic -ic

mucus -us mucous -ous

Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning ®.

condyle -e condylar -ar

carpus -us carpal -al

FIGURE 1–2 Suffix variation depending upon usage.

ANALYZING MEDICAL TERMS basic components: ovari/o/hyster/ectomy. Defining

GENERAL PRONUNCIATION TABLE 1–3 Pronunciation Guide

GUIDELINES Vowel Sound Example

When looking up a medical term in the diction-

a. olig a. inter- means between

1. ______ -itis a. incision or cutting into

2. ______ -gram b. before

3. ______ post- c. surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas

4. ______ -tomy d. difficult, painful, or bad

5. ______ pre- e. enlargement

6. ______ -centesis f. excision or surgical removal

7. ______ -therapy g. liver

8. ______ dys- h. kidney

9. ______ peri- i. inflammation

10. ______ ren/o j. record

11. ______ hepat/o k. after

12. ______ -megaly l. treatment

13. ______ -ectomy m. around

14. ______ hyper- n. pain

15. ______ -algia o. excessive, increased

Match the definition in Column I to its word part in Column II.

1. ______ abnormal condition or disease a. -lysis

2. ______ abnormal softening b. -rrhea

3. ______ deficient, decreased c. -plasty

4. ______ bursting forth d. -rrhage

5. ______ creation of an artificial opening to the body surface e. eu-