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175081535_eylqkynhkfkbd3ib5uwahrih
175081535_eylqkynhkfkbd3ib5uwahrih
Test Report
ANTENATAL PANEL 1
SUGAR CHOICE
(Hexokinase)
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Test Name Results Units Bio. Ref. Interval
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Test Name Results Units Bio. Ref. Interval
leucocyte counts are additionally being reported as absolute numbers of each cell in per unit volume of
blood
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Hb F <1.00 % <1.50
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Suggestive Interpretation
Normal Hb chromatographic pattern
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Test Name Results Units Bio. Ref. Interval
-------------------------------
| Final Result : Negative |
-------------------------------
Result Negative
Interpretation
--------------------------------------------------------
| RESULT (INDEX) | REMARKS |
|------------------------|-------------------------------|
| >= 1.00 | Positive |
|------------------------|-------------------------------|
| < 1.00 | Negative |
--------------------------------------------------------
Note
1. Positive test result indicates antibody detected against HIV-1/2.
2. Negative test result indicates antibody is not detected against HIV- 1/2.
3. Indeterminate test result indicates antibody to HIV-1/2 have been detected in the sample by two of three
methods.
4. Results are reported as per the Strategy 3 of National guidelines of HIV testing by NACO, July 2015.
5. False positive results may be observed in Autoimmune diseases, Alcoholic hepatitis, Primary biliary
cirrhosis, Leprosy, Multiple pregnancies, Rheumatoid factor, and due to presence of heterophile
antibodies.
6. False negative results may occur during the window period and during the end stage of the disease.
Recommendations
1. Post-test counseling available between 9 am to 5 pm at LPL laboratories.
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Physical
Chemical
Microscopy
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Interpretation
------------------------------------------------------------
| RESULT | REMARKS |
|--------------|---------------------------------------------|
| Reactive | Indicates presence of IgM & IgG antibodies |
| | against non-treponemal antigens |
|--------------|---------------------------------------------|
| Non-Reactive | Indicates absence of IgM & IgG antibodies |
| | against non-treponemal antigens |
------------------------------------------------------------
Note
1. Titers of ≥1: 8 and rising titres are significant.
2. Titers are reported only in reactive cases.
3. Positive result indicates ongoing or recent infection and the diagnosis should be confirmed by specific
Treponemal tests such as TPHA & FTA- AbS.
4. The reactivity will vary with Primary (60-86%), Secondary (99%) and Tertiary (98%) stage of Syphilis.
5. False positive results may be observed in patients of Malaria, Hepatitis, Mumps, Leprosy, Infectious
Mononucleosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Collagen disease.
6. False negative reaction may be due to processing of sample collected early in the course of disease,
immunosuppression and due to prozone effect.
7. Test conducted on serum.
Uses
· To screen for presence of Syphilis infection.
· To monitor the progression of disease.
· To asses the response to therapy (decreasing titres) in patients being treated for Syphilis.
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Note
1. Reactive test result indicates presence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen. It cannot differentiate between
the stages of Hepatitis B viral infection.
2. Non-Reactive test result indicates absence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen.
3. False positive results may be observed in patients receiving mouse monoclonal antibodies, on
heparin therapy, on biotin supplements for diagnosis or therapy, in pregnancy, presence of
heterophilic antibodies in serum or after HBV vaccination for transient period of time.
4. False negative reaction may be due to processing of sample collected early in the course of disease
or presence of mutant forms of HBsAg .
5. For monitoring HBsAg levels, Quantitative HBsAg assay is recommended.
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Rh Factor Positive
-----------------------------------------------------
| PREGNANCY |REFERENCE RANGE | REFERENCE |
| |for TSH in uIU/mL | RANGE for FT4 |
| |(As per American | in ng/dL |
| |Thyroid Association)| |
|-------------|--------------------|------------------|
|1st Trimester| 0.100 - 2.500 | 0.70 -2.00 |
|-------------|--------------------|------------------|
|2st Trimester| 0.200 - 3.000 | 0.50 -1.60 |
|-------------|--------------------|------------------|
|3st Trimester| 0.300 - 3.000 | 0.50 -1.60 |
-----------------------------------------------------
Note
1. TSH levels are subject to circadian variation, reaching peak levels between 2 - 4.a.m. and at a
minimum between 6-10 pm. The variation is of the order of 50%. hence time of the day has influence
on the measured serum TSH concentrations.
2. TSH Values <0.03 uIU/mL need to be clinically correlated due to presence of a rare TSH variant in
some individuals
Clinical Use
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Interpretation
HbA1c result is suggestive of at risk for Diabetes (Prediabetes)/ well controlled Diabetes in a known Diabetic
Interpretation as per American Diabetes Association (ADA) Guidelines
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Reference Group | Non diabetic | At risk | Diagnosing | Therapeutic goals |
| | adults >=18 years | (Prediabetes) | Diabetes | for glycemic control |
| ----------------|-------------------|---------------|-------------|----------------------|
| HbA1c in % | 4.0-5.6 | 5.7-6.4 | >= 6.5 | <7.0 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Presence of Hemoglobin variants and/or conditions that affect red cell turnover must be considered,
particularly when the HbA1C result does not correlate with the patient’s blood glucose levels.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| FACTORS THAT INTERFERE WITH HbA1C | FACTORS THAT AFFECT INTERPRETATION |
| MEASUREMENT | OF HBA1C RESULTS |
|--------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| Hemoglobin variants,elevated fetal | Any condition that shortens erythrocyte |
| hemoglobin (HbF) and chemically | survival or decreases mean erythrocyte |
| modified derivatives of hemoglobin | age (e.g.,recovery from acute blood loss,|
| (e.g. carbamylated Hb in patients | hemolytic anemia, HbSS, HbCC, and HbSC) |
| with renal failure) can affect the | will falsely lower HbA1c test results |
| accuracy of HbA1c measurements | regardless of the assay method used.Iron |
| | deficiency anemia is associated with |
| | higher HbA1c |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Note
1. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is the recommended test in acute inflammatory conditions.
2. Test conducted on EDTA whole blood at 37 °C.
3. ESR readings are auto- corrected with respect to Hematocrit (PCV) values.
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Interpretation
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| INFECTION | UNITS | NON REACTIVE | EQUIVOCAL | POSITIVE |
|---------------|------------|---------------|------------|------------|
| Toxoplasma IgG| IU/mL | <1.60 | 1.60-<3.00 | >=3.00 |
|---------------|------------|---------------|------------|------------|
| Rubella IgG | IU/mL | <5.00 | 5.00-<10.00| >=10.00 |
|---------------|------------|---------------|------------|------------|
| CMV IgG | AU/mL | <6.00 | NA | >=6.00 |
|---------------|------------|---------------|------------|------------|
| HSV 1+2 IgG | Index | <0.90 | 0.90-<1.10 | >=1.10 |
|---------------|------------|---------------|------------|------------|
| Toxoplasma IgM| Index | <0.50 | 0.50-<0.60 | >=0.60 |
|---------------|------------|---------------|------------|------------|
| Rubella IgM | Index | <1.20 | 1.20-<1.60 | >=1.60 |
|---------------|------------|---------------|------------|------------|
| CMV IgM | Index | <1.00 | NA | >=1.00 |
|---------------|------------|---------------|------------|------------|
| HSV 1+2 IgM | Index | <0.90 | 0.90-<1.10 | >=1.10 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------
TORCH IgG
Note:
1. This assay is used for quantitative detection of specific IgG antibodies to TORCH in serum samples.
2. Positive result indicates past infection with TORCH. Pregnant females with positive TORCH specific
IgG antibodies are considered to be immune and hence risk of transmission of infection to fetus is
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TORCH IgM
Note
1. This assay is used for detection of specific IgM antibodies to TORCH in serum samples.
2. Positive result for TORCH IgM indicates possible acute infection with TORCH. False positive reaction
due to rheumatoid factor and persistence of positive IgM (except Herpes Simplex virus) for upto 2 years
is not uncommon.
3. An equivocal result requires repeat testing in 10-14 days.
4. Negative result indicates no serological evidence of infection with TORCH. False negative can be due
to immunosuppression or due to low/undetectable level of IgM antibodies. A suspected diagnosis of
acute TORCH infection should be confirmed by PCR analysis or repeat test after 10-14 days.
5. The diagnosis should not be established on the basis of single test and the results should be
interpreted in conjunction with clinical findings.
6. The magnitude of the measured result is not indicative of the amount of antibody present.
Comments
Perinatal infections account for 2-3% of all congenital anomalies. TORCH which includes Toxoplasma,
Rubella, Cytomegalovirus & Herpes Simplex virus, are some of the most common infections associated with
Congenital anomalies. Most of the TORCH infections cause mild maternal morbidity, but have serious fetal
consequences. Reliable recognition of acute infection is highly important in pregnant women. IgM-positive
result alone does not accurately predict the risk of fetal infection; a positive IgM test should therefore be
considered only as a starting point and a more thorough diagnostic evaluation is necessary to determine
whether there is a risk of fetal infection. Primary CMV infection may result in establishment of persistent or
latent infection. In man the infection is usually asymptomatic. Infections can be acquired through direct contact
with individuals shedding the virus. Once HSV infection occurs, it persists in a latent state in sensory ganglia
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CULTURE, URINE
(Conventional culture, Automated-MIC, MALDITOF-MS, KBDD)
Type of Specimen :
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IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS
ŸTest results released pertain to the specimen submitted .ŸAll test results are dependent on the quality of the sample received by the Laboratory .
ŸLaboratory investigations are only a tool to facilitate in arriving at a diagnosis and should be clinically correlated by the Referring Physician .ŸReport
delivery may be delayed due to unforeseen circumstances. Inconvenience is regretted .ŸCertain tests may require further testing at additional cost
for derivation of exact value. Kindly submit request within 72 hours post reporting.ŸTest results may show interlaboratory variations .ŸThe
Courts/Forum at Delhi shall have exclusive jurisdiction in all disputes /claims concerning the test(s) & or results of test(s).ŸTest results are not valid
for medico legal purposes.ŸThis is computer generated medical diagnostic report that has been validated by Authorized Medical
Practitioner/Doctor. ŸThe report does not need physical signature.
(#) Sample drawn from outside source.
If Test results are alarming or unexpected, client is advised to contact the Customer Care immediately for possible remedial action.
Tel: +91-11-49885050,Fax: - +91-11-2788-2134, E-mail: lalpathlabs@lalpathlabs.com
National Reference lab, Delhi, a CAP (7171001) Accredited, ISO 9001:2015 (FS60411) & ISO 27001:2013 (616691) Certified laboratory.
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