NITRIC ACID

CLASS-10
 INTRODUCTION
GENERAL FEATURES OCCURRENCE

• Molecular Formula- HNO3 • Free State- Acid Rain.

• Combined State- Metal nitrides
• Relative Molecular Mass-63 like Nitre :KNO3

4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 4HNO3

 STRUCTURE OF NITRIC ACID

Nitrogen shows valency of 5. As it has one double covalent bond with one atom of
oxygen, one co-ordinate bond with other atom of oxygen and one single covalent bond
with third atom of oxygen which is bonded with one atom of Hydrogen through single
covalent bond.
 LABORATORY PREPARATION OF NITRIC
ACID
• Reactant- KNO3\ NaNO3 +
Concentrated H2SO4
• Mixture of equal parts.
• Heated to 180-200 degree
celcius.
• Non- volatile acid H2SO4
Produces volatile acid HNO3
• Vapours of nitric acid is
collected and condensed
by chilling in cold water.
LABORATORY PREPARATION OF NITRIC
ACID
 CONDITIONS RELATED WITH LAB
PREPARATION OF NITRIC ACID
• Pure nitric acid is colourless, acid obtained in lab
is slightly yellow.4HNO3 4NO2+ 2H2O + O2
• Yellow colour can be removed by- passing dry air
or CO2through the acid.
• All glass apparatus used.
• Temperature should be below 200 degree
celcius.
• Conc. HCl is not used as it is also a volatile acid.
OSWALD PROCESS
OSWALD PROCESS
 OSWALD PROCESS

Higher ratio of air is taken because oxygen is only one-fifth of air and is required in all
the three chambers. Quartz is acid resistant so it can dissolve nitrogen di oxide
uniformly.
CONCENTRATION OF NITRIC ACID

98% nitric acid can be obtained by fuming nitric acid over

sulphuric acid and 100 % by strongly cooling at -42 degree
celcius.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NITRIC ACID
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NITRIC
ACID
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NITRIC ACID
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NITRIC
ACID
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NITRIC
ACID
K2SO3 + HNO3 2KNO3 + H2O +SO2
Ca(HSO3)2 + HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O +SO2
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NITRIC
ACID
2HNO3 (conc.) 2NO2+ H2O +[O]
2HNO3(dil.) 2NO + H2O + 3[O] Nitric acid is a powerful oxidising agent. As it
undergoes reduction forms product like NO,
NO2 and oxidises others .
REACTION WITH AQUA REGIA
 USES OF NITRIC ACID
• To design on copper and brassware.
• To purify gold

• In preparation of fertilisers.
• In preparation of aqua regia.

• In preparation of explosiveslike TNT

• In preparation of synthetic fibres or dyes.
 TEST FOR NITRIC ACID.

NITRIC ACID

Brown fumes on
heating

On heating
On heating
Brown ring test potassium and
nitrate salt .
sodium nitrate .
BROWN RING TEST
EFFECT OF HEAT ON DIFFERENT
NITRATE.
EFFECT OF HEAT ON DIFFERENT
NITRATE.
EFFECT OF HEAT ON DIFFERENT
NITRATE.