ACID-BASE

PROPERTIES
OF WATER
-GROUP 5-
BRØNSTED-LOWRY THEORY
The Brønsted-Lowry theory describes
acid-base interactions in terms of
proton transfer between chemical
species. A Brønsted-Lowry acid is any
species that can donate a proton, ‍, and a
Brønsted-Lowry base is any species that
can accept a proton.
 Brønsted-Lowry Acid & Base
The Bronsted Lowry acid
and base theory states
that an acid donates a
proton (hydrogen ion,
H+), while a base
accepts a proton. The
reaction forms the
conjugate base of the
acid and the conjugate
acid of the base. Other
names for the theory are
the Brønsted–Lowry
theory or proton theory
of acids and bases.

A Bronsted Lowry acid is a proton or hydrogen donor ,while a

Bronsted Lowry base is a proton or hydrogen acceptor
Brønsted Acid and Brønsted Base
Water acts as a base in an acidic solution and acts as an
acid in a basic solution. This makes water an amphoteric
substance.
+
HCI (aq) + H2O (l) → H3O (aq) + CI (aq) -

(Bronsted acid) (Bronsted base) (conjugate acid) (conjugate base)

+
NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) ←
→ NH4 (aq) + OH (aq) -
(Bronsted base) (Bronsted acid) (conjugate acid) (conjugate base)
 Two molecules of water can react with each other to
produce hydronium and hydroxide ions. This reaction
illustrated below is called autoionization

- +
H2O (l) + H2O (l) ←
→ H3O (aq) OH (aq)
(Bronsted acid) (Bronsted base) (conjugate acid) (conjugate base)

The autoionization of water is also written as follows:

+-
H2O (l) → H (aq) + OH (aq)
←
←
Therefore,the equilibrium

→
Keq can be replaced with K, an ion-
expression is: product constant.
+ -
Keq=[H ][OH ] Kw=[H ][OH ] -
+

In pure water, the concentration of H+ and OH- ions are

- -
[H+]= 1.0 × 10 ⁷ M and [OH-]= 1.0 × 10 ⁷ Thus,

Kw=(1.0 x -
10 ⁷)(1.0 × -
10 ⁷)
-
=1.0 × 10 ¹⁴
 With the use of previous equation, the concentration of H+ can
be computed:
[H ]=1.0
+
x 10 ¹⁴-
_____________________

[OH ] -

While OH- can be computed as:

[OH ]=1.0
-
x 10 ¹⁴-
_____________________

[H ] +

In an acidic solution, [H ] > [OH ] ,+ -

whereas in a basic solution, [H ] < [OH ] .

+ -
Example:
+ -
The concentration of H + ions in
a certain soft drink is 0.0025 M.
Calculate the concentration of
Solution:
OH- . [OH-]=1.0 x -
10 ¹⁴
_________________
Given: Concentration of [H+]= 0.0025 0.0025
Unknown: Concentration of [OH-] [OH-]=4.0 × -
10 ¹² M
Formula: [OH-]=1.0 x 10 ¹⁴-
_________________ The answer makes sense,
[ H+] > [OH-]. The solution is
[H ]+
acidic as what is expected in a
soft drink.
 + -

THE END
+ -

-thankyou-