BASE DE DATOS

DEFINICION

Firstly, Database can described as a databank or a data store, abbreviated as DB. A database could
be expansive amount of recorded advanced data. It can be looked, referenced, compared, changed
or controlled with an ideal speed and negligible with a minimum cost [1]. A database is built and
maintained by employing a database programming dialect. The foremost common database dialect
is SQL, but there are numerous "flavors" of SQL, depending on the sort of database being utilized.
Each flavor of SQL has contrasts within the SQL sentence structure and are planned to be utilized
with a particular sort of database. For illustration, a database employments PL/SQL and Prophet
SQL (Oracle's form of SQL). A Microsoft database employs Transact-SQL (T-SQL).

C:/Users/Gabriela/Downloads/Pavel-ClassSchedulingSystem.pdf

A database is an organized collection of data that can be accessed, managed, and updated. There
are several types of databases, including computer databases, electronic databases, and online
databases
. Popular database management systems include Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL Server, among
others
. The advantages of using databases include improved data sharing, data security, and data
integrity, among others
. Database management systems are software applications that help users interact with databases
by providing tools for data entry, storage, retrieval, and análisis

Wólfram

A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored

electronically in a computer system. A database is usually controlled by a database management
system (DBMS). Together, the data and the DBMS, along with the applications that are associated
with them, are referred to as a database system, often shortened to just database.

https://www.oracle.com/database/what-is-database/

A database is a collection of information that is organized to provide efficient retrieval[1]. The

collected information could be in any number of formats, such as electronic, printed, graphic,
audio, statistical, or combinations[1]. There are physical (paper/print) and electronic databases[1].
A database could be as simple as an alphabetical arrangement of names in an address book or as
complex as a database that provides information in a combination of formats[1].

In the context of computer science, a database typically refers to a relational database, which is a
collection of data that is organized in a particular way[2]. A relational database consists of a set of
tables, where a table is conceptually just like a plain text file or a spreadsheet: a set of values
arranged in rows and columns[2]. The difference is that there are usually several tables in a single
database, and the tables in a database have a much more formal structure than a plain text file or
a spreadsheet[2].

Databases are used for storing, maintaining, and accessing any sort of data[3]. They collect
information on people, places, or things, and that information is gathered in one place so that it
can be observed and analyzed[3]. Libraries also use databases, which are online searchable
collections of information[4][5][6]. Library databases contain tons of information, such as articles
from specific publications like academic journals and magazines, and are organized and indexed by
subject terms and keywords based on what the source is about[4][5][6].

Citations:

[1] https://www.usg.edu/galileo/skills/unit04/primer04_01.phtml

[2] https://www.stat.auckland.ac.nz/~paul/ItDT/HTML/node42.html

[3] https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatamanagement/definition/database

[4] https://newpaltz.libguides.com/databases/whatsadatabase

[5] https://chat.library.berkeleycollege.edu/faq/89790

[6] https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/ncinfoskills/chapter/what-is-a-library-database/

TIPOS

There are several types of databases, each with its own unique characteristics and uses. Here are
some of the most common types of databases:

1. Hierarchical databases: This type of database follows a hierarchy or tree-like structure, where
data is categorized based on a common point of origin. This type of database is not as commonly
used today as it was in the past.

2. Network databases: Similar to hierarchical databases, network databases also follow a tree-like
structure, but with more flexibility in terms of how data is related to one another.

3. Object-oriented databases: This type of database is based on object-oriented programming,

where data and all of its attributes are tied together as an object. Object-oriented databases work
well with object-oriented programming languages, such as C++ and Java.
4. Relational databases: Considered the most mature of all databases, relational databases lead in
the production line along with their management systems. This type of database stores data in
discrete tables, which can be joined together by fields known as foreign keys. Examples of
relational databases include MySQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server.

5. Cloud databases: Cloud databases are hosted on cloud infrastructure and are accessible from
anywhere with an internet connection. They are designed to be highly scalable and flexible,
making them ideal for businesses that need to store and manage large amounts of data.

6. Centralized databases: This type of database is located in a single location and is accessed by
users from different locations. It is commonly used in organizations that have multiple branches or
offices.

7. Operational databases: Operational databases are designed to support day-to-day operations of

an organization. They are optimized for fast read and write operations and are commonly used in
transaction processing systems.

8. NoSQL databases: NoSQL databases are non-relational databases that are designed to handle
large volumes of unstructured or semi-structured data. They are commonly used in big data
applications and web applications.

It's worth noting that there are many other types of databases, and new types are being developed
all the time to address changing requirements and different use patterns.

Citations:

[1] https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-databases/

[2] https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/types-of-databases

[3] https://www.mongodb.com/databases/types

[4] https://www.prisma.io/dataguide/intro/comparing-database-types

[5] https://www.matillion.com/blog/the-types-of-databases-with-examples

[6] https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/dbms-tutorial/what-are-various-types-of-databases

ELEMENTOS
IMPORTANCIA

DBMS

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that is used to manage and manipulate data
in a database. It serves as an interface between an end-user and a database, allowing users to
create, read, update, and delete data in the database. The DBMS manages the data, the database
engine, and the database schema, allowing for data to be manipulated or extracted by users and
other programs. The DBMS provides data security, data integrity, concurrency, and uniform data
administration procedures. The software is complex and requires in-depth knowledge to properly
implement and manage. The DBMS interfaces with many other IT components, such as the OS,
transaction processing systems, programming languages, and networking software. The most
widely used types of DBMS software are relational, distributed, hierarchical, object-oriented, and
network. The specific elements of a DBMS can vary depending on the DBMS being used, but some
common elements include the database schema, schema objects, indexes, tables, fields and
columns, records and rows, keys, relationships, and data types.

Citations:

[1] https://www.appdynamics.com/topics/database-management-systems

[2] https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/zos-basic-skills?topic=zos-what-is-database-management-
system

[5] https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24361/database-management-systems-dbms

[6] https://www.guru99.com/what-is-dbms.html

LA RELACION CON IOT

IoT (Internet of Things) devices generate vast amounts of data, and managing this data requires
specialized databases that can handle the unique challenges posed by IoT data[1][5][6]. IoT
databases must be designed to handle large volumes, high velocities, and diverse formats of data,
and provide scalability, performance, flexibility, security, reliability, and integration to enable IoT
applications to process, analyze, and act upon IoT data in real-time[1][5]. Here are some of the
most popular databases for IoT applications:

1. InfluxDB

2. CrateDB

3. Riak TS

4. MongoDB

5. RethinkDB
6. SQLite

7. Apache Cassandra

8. Apache IoTDB

IoT data is essentially time series data, so the requirements for an IoT database and the
requirements for a time series database are very similar[1][3]. IoT databases must write data in
real-time, compress and store data efficiently, and downsample and query data rapidly[1][3]. There
are a variety of databases commonly used for IoT, including some relational databases like
PostgreSQL, and many NoSQL databases like MongoDB, Cassandra, and InfluxDB, as well as
specialized IoT solutions like Azure IoT[3]. The best database for IoT data depends on the user and
use case[1][3]. SQL databases are generally stable and well-supported, but also typically less well-
suited for managing big data[1][3]. NoSQL databases, especially key-value, column, and document
databases, can accommodate various data types and work well when an organization has multiple
data types that are predicted to change over time[2]. When designing an IoT database, it’s
essential to consider the specific requirements of the IoT application and choose a database type
optimized for the data format and access patterns[5].

Citations:

[1] https://www.scylladb.com/glossary/iot-database/

[2] https://www.intuz.com/guide-on-top-iot-databases

[3] https://www.influxdata.com/iot-database/

[4] https://iotdb.apache.org

[5] https://quasar.ai/2023/04/17/iot-database-101-what-why-and-how/

[6] https://dev.to/josethz00/learn-iot-from-scratch-7-best-databases-for-iot-55l1

Amazon Web Services (AWS) provides several databases and services that are specifically designed
for IoT (Internet of Things) applications. Here are some of the most popular databases and services
for IoT applications:

1. Amazon DynamoDB IoT: Amazon DynamoDB is a NoSQL database service that delivers
consistent, single-digit millisecond latency at any scale. DynamoDB lets you easily store and query
device data so you can focus on building incredible new AWS IoT solutions[1].
2. AWS IoT SiteWise: AWS IoT SiteWise is a managed service that lets you collect, model, analyze,
and visualize data from industrial equipment at scale. With AWS IoT SiteWise Monitor, you can
optimize processes across your facility portfolio with insights from automatic, customizable data
visualizations[2][6].

3. Amazon Kinesis Data Streams: Kinesis Data Streams is commonly used to aggregate high-volume
data and load it into a data warehouse or map-reduce cluster[3].

4. AWS IoT Analytics: AWS IoT Analytics lets you perform advanced analysis on your data to help
make business decisions and improve machine learning models[3][4].

5. Amazon S3 Objects: You can use Amazon S3 to store and retrieve large amounts of data[3].

6. Amazon Timestream: Amazon Timestream is a purpose-built, managed time series database that
enables querying data using rolling time windows, has out-of-the-box abilities to cope with missing
data, and is easily integrated with typical data processing, operational, and analytics pipelines,
such as business intelligence (BI) and machine learning (ML)[5].

When choosing an IoT database or service, it's important to consider the specific requirements of
the IoT application and choose a database type optimized for the data format and access patterns.
The best database for IoT data depends on the user and use case[1][2][5].

Citations:

[1] https://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/iot/

[2] https://aws.amazon.com/iot-sitewise/

[3] https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/iot/7-patterns-for-iot-data-ingestion-and-visualization-how-to-
decide-what-works-best-for-your-use-case/

[4] https://docs.aws.amazon.com/iot/latest/developerguide/aws-iot-how-it-works.html

[5] https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/database/patterns-for-aws-iot-time-series-data-ingestion-with-
amazon-timestream/

[6] https://docs.aws.amazon.com/iot-sitewise/latest/userguide/what-is-sitewise.html