Instances and Operation Modes

Servers at the SAP application level are referred to as instance servers or application
servers in the SAP system architecture. The SAP application (application server) and
the database usually share a server. More powerful system landscapes have an SAP
system and a database running on two separate servers. The next step up from
this configuration is to create instance clusters, in other words, to set up various
SAP instances, which can run on different servers. This enhances the capabilities
of the system at the application level. However, the individual instances all still
access the same database.
Each instance provides a configurable number of work processes. These processes
are responsible for the actual processing of the tasks that are transferred to the
system. These may include executing a transaction in a user dialog or processing a
background job, for example. Work processes are divided into various types based
on the tasks for which they are reserved:
• Dialog work processes- execute ASAP dialog programs
• Batch work processes- execute background jobs
• Update work processes- control asynchronous database changes
• Enqueue work processes-execute lock operations
• Spool work processes- process print data
you can use operation modes to influence the type distribution of the work processes
dynamically
(in other words. during live operation). As a rule. work processes are switched in
synchronization with different times of the day. For example, more dialog processes
can be made available during daytime hours to handle the higher number of users
logging on. At night, when only a small number of users at most are using the
system, and the focus is on the processing of scheduled background jobs, the dialog
processes can be switched to batch processes. This ensures that more processes are
available for background processing.

Creating Instance Definitions

To use operation modes, you must create the instances of your system as instance
definitions by following these steps:
1. Enter Transaction "RZ04" in the command window, and press the Enter key
(or select the menu option TOOLS • CCMS • CONFIGURATION • RZ04- OPERATION
MODES/INSTANCES).
2. Click on INSTANCES/OPERATION MODES.

3. Choose the ( CREATE NEW INSTANCE icon )

4. The instance data must be maintained on the next screen:

• Enter the name of the server under Host NAME.
• Enter the system number in the SAP SYSTEM NUMBER field.
.,. Define the instance's start profile under START PROFILE.
.,. Enter the name of the instance profile under the INSTANCE PROFILE.
.,. When you have finished. choose SAVE
5. A dialog box appears, in which you must specify how the work process types
are to be distributed. Because these settings are to be defined later by operation
modes, enter the placeholder "*" in the OPERATION MODE field, and leave the
other settings unchanged. Choose Save

6. Choose No in the next dialog box.

7. The instance definition is created, and you return automatically to the initial
screen. The table displays the production instances, their detailed data, and the
distribution of work processes. Choose Save

Defining Operation Modes

Next, create the operation modes you want your system to have:
1. Enter Transaction "RZ04" in the command field, and press the Enter key (or
select the menu option TOOLS • CCMS • CONFIGURATION • RZ04 - 0PERATION
MODES/INSTANCES).
2. Choose CREATE OPERATION MODE
3. On the next screen, enter a name (for example, DAYTIME) in the OPERATION
MODE field, and, in the SHORT DESCRIPTION field, enter a description that is as
meaningful as possible. Choose SAVE
4. You return automatically to the initial screen of the existing operation modes,
where the operation mode you just created is now displayed in the list of
production operation modes. Choose CREATE OPERATION MODE ( D) to create
another operation mode.
5. Assign a name (for example, nighttime) and a short description to the operation
mode, and click on SAVE.
6. Both definitions you created are then shown in the list of operation modes.

Assigning Operation Modes and Defining Work Process Distribution

After you've created the operation modes, you can assign these to the instance
definitions:
1. To do this, enter Transaction "RZ04" in the command field, and press the Enter
key (or select the menu option TOOLS • CCM$ • CONFIGURATION • RZ04- 0PERATION
MODES/INSTANCES).
2. Click on INSTANCES/OPERATION MODES.

3. On the following screen. position the cursor on the first operation mode row

(entry "*"), and click on CHOOSE ( ).

4. In the dialog box that opens, choose the OTHER OPERATION MODE button.

5. Enter one of the operation modes you created (for example, DAYTIME) in the
OPERATION MODE field, or use the input help to select an operation mode. You
can use the 0 and GJ buttons to change the number of work processes. When
you've finished, choose SAVE
The number of dialog work processes is always determined by the other work process
types. In other words, you can't configure the dialog processes using the plus and minus
buttons. You can, for example, reduce the number of batch processes so that the number
of dialog processes increases.
6. Repeat steps 3 and 4, and select the next operation mode (for example, NIGHTTIME).
Configure the work process distribution, and click on Save
Minimum Number of Dialog Work Processes
Note that an instance must have at least two dialog work processes. The system will not
allow you to configure fewer dialog processes for any operation mode.

7. In the table view, position your cursor on the"*" entry, which is not needed,
and select the menu option INSTANCE • DELETE ENTRY to delete it.

8. Choose YES to confirm the dialog box, and then choose Save.
By following these steps. you have assigned the relevant operation modes to the
instance and defined how the work processes are to be distributed for each operation
mode. Next, you need to configure time-dependent operation mode switching.

Configuring a Time Allocation for Operation Modes

The operation modes and associated work process distribution are subject to
time-dependent switching. To define how this switching is to be executed, follow
these steps:
1. Enter Transaction "SM63" in the command field, and press the I Enter I key (or
select the menu option TOOLS • CCMS • CONFIGURATION • SM63 -OPERATION
MODE CALENDAR).
2. Select NORMAL OPERATION, and click on the CHANGE button.

3. On the next screen, you define the time interval for which the operation mode
is to be valid. Position your cursor at the start of the period (for example,
08.00-09.00. if daytime operations are to start at 8.00 a.m.). Select the menu
option OPERATION MODE • SELECT INTERVAL, Or press the [F2) key.
4. Then position your cursor at the end of the interval (for example, 19.00- 20.00,
if daytime operations are to end at 20.00). Once again, select the menu option
OPERATION MODE • SELECT INTERVAL Or press the [F2) key.

5. The interval has been selected. Click on the ASSIGN button.

6. In the dialog box, use the input help to select the relevant operation mode, and
click on CONTINUE

7. The assignment is shown in the table.

Repeat steps 3 to 6 to assign an operation mode to the other times.
8. When you've finished, choose Save.

9. The status bar displays a message indicating that the operation mode set has
been saved for normal operation.
From this point on, the operation modes will be switched using this timetable.
A log entry is generated in the system log (Transaction SM21) when a switch has been
made. Both the old and new process types are recorded for each work process that is
switched. However, the type of work process can't be switched until the process becomes
available. In other words. a delay may be experienced while the work process is still
occupied. For example, if all background processes to be switched are still executing jobs,
the processes are switched one by one. as soon as the corresponding jobs have been
completed. Processing is not interrupted, and normal system operation proceeds without
disruption during switching.

Manual Switching of Operation Modes

Operation modes can also be switched manually if necessary. This function is
required if, for example, you want to switch to a special operation mode, use a new
operation mode immediately, or nighttime operations need to be brought forward
for an important reason.
To switch operation modes manually, follow these steps:
1. Enter Transaction "RZ03" in the command field, and press the enter key (or
select the menu option TOOLS • CCMS • CONTROL! MONITORING • RZ03-CONTROL
PANEL).
2. Position the cursor on the application server whose operation mode you want
To select. Click on CHOOSE OPERATION MODE.
3. Place the cursor on the operation mode to which you want to switch, and click
on CHOOSE.

4. The view switches back to the screen showing the server statuses and alerts.
Your selected operation mode is now displayed as the active operation mode.
Position the cursor on the relevant server, and select the menu option CONTROL ·
SWITCH OPERATION MODE • SELECTED SERVERS.

5. Choose YES to confirm the dialog box that opens.

The operation mode has now been switched. You can verify the work process distribution in
Transaction SM50 (see Section 2.3). The manually selected operation
The mode remains active until the next scheduled switch point.