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WBSim_172X-v109
WBSim_172X-v109
CESSNA 172
ENHANCEMENT
NEAR STUDY LEVEL
MANUAL BY: HOWARD FORDER
DEVELOPED FOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 3
INSTALLATION 4
CHECKLISTS/POH 6
ENGINE STARTUP 8
MAINTENANCE/STATUS 9
THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 12
CIRCUIT BREAKERS 13
SYSTEM ANNUNCIATOR 14
AVIONICS 15
THE KT 76C TSO TRANSPONDER 16
THE KAP 140 AUTOPILOT 17
THE KR 87 TSO ADF 18
THE EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER (ELT) 19
THE MD41 GPS ANNUNCIATION PANEL 20
THE AUDIO PANEL 20
COM/NAV RADIOS (GNS 530/430) 21
CLOCK/TIMER FUNCTIONS 22
ANGLE OF ATTACK INDICATOR 23
CABIN TEMPERATURE 24
AIRFRAME DAMAGE & ELT 25
ADDITIONAL STUDY MANUALS 27
SUPPORT 29
LIST OF VARIABLES 30
Also new, is a redesigned approach to how a lot of the buttons and knobs operate. In these cases, they are
now event based. What this does, is to help simulate in a more accurate way, the real world aspect of
PRESSING a button with your finger, then RELEASING that button. So here in the sim world, whether this
PRESS/RELEASE is done with your mouse, or hardware, they are both doing the same thing. This then also
simplifies hardware setups, as it removes the need for finding additional variables for the animations, holding
times, etc.. it’s taken care of inside the events. When you press your hardware button, send the press event.
When you release the button, send the release event. An example from spad.Next..
Another new feature is the ability to left click and hold the knobs, then drag the mouse left and right to turn
them. Very handy in turbulent weather!!
Due to this enhanced ability, this will mean that in order to “press” the knobs on the Garmins or the ADF, a
right mouse click is used.
However, due to the default sim setting “TOGGLE COCKPIT VIEW FREELOOK (HOLD)” being assigned to the
right mouse button, it will be necessary to left click and hold, then right mouse click on the knob buttons.
Changing or removing the setting “TOGGLE COCKPIT VIEW FREELOOK (HOLD)” is also an option to be able to
use the RMB on its own.
1. Throttle – Closed
2. Mixture -- Rich
4. Master Switch -- ON
5. Flashing Beacon -- ON
If the engine is warm, omit priming procedure of step 6, 7 and 8. However, if the engine does NOT start,
follow the priming procedure but reduce the time to 1 to 2 seconds.
6. Fuel pump – ON
7. Throttle – Full forward until stable fuel flow is indicated (usually 2 to 3 seconds), then set to IDLE
DO be mindful to lean the mixture for ground operations, else plug fouling may occur.
To clear the spark-plugs of any buildup, increase throttle and lean the mixture until the engine almost cuts off,
then push mixture slightly. You should be at a very high throttle and very lean mixture while still maintaining
about 1500 RPM. Do this for 30 - 45 seconds. In this configuration, you should be able to clear the heaviest of
buildup fairly quickly.
Turning either of the knobs will step you through the various screens.
This convenient maintenance and status screen uses standard green, yellow and red letters to show severity
levels of each area. Engine health is a very long running failure of 300 – 500 hours, however excessive abuse
can shorten the engines lifespan. Being fouled, running with low oil, and even over revving can have a
detrimental effect.
Clicking on ENG HLTH will prompt you to repair the engine, and a second click will then restore the engine.
Clicking OIL LVL will prompt you to add 1 quart of oil. This can be done once you are at 7 qts or less.
Clicking on PUSHBACK will put you into a manual pushback mode. Your view will change to the front of the
plane, and you can move the plane around by using your yoke. To return to the cockpit, the default keyboard
binding “F” will reset your view.
EXTERNAL ELEMENTS:
The selection of the external elements can be done here. Red means that that element is in place. Anything
left on will have an impact on your flight. From not being able to taxi because you’re tied down, to overheating
the engine because you took off with the cowl plugs still in.
The next screen, you can turn state saving on or off, change the LCD color, adjust the ground trim tab, and
choose whether or not to have the AOA gauge.
The state saving is quite comprehensive, with 90+ points being recorded. From all the switches, the lighting
knobs, radio frequencies, if the plane was left running, even the breakers and battery voltage. ALL will be
restored as you last left your plane.
Please be aware there is a few seconds delay from the time the plane loads, and the time the saved state is
loaded. Wait for it.
LCD COLOR:
Just for fun, selectable LCD colors have been added. There are five colors. The last one, seen here in purple,
can easily be changed by editing the value listed in wbsim-aircraft-c172sp-classic\Config\C172X\config.json to
the HEX color value of your choice. ex. https://htmlcolorcodes.com/color-picker/
TRIM TAB:
Turning the outer knob will adjust the rudders ground adjustable trim tab. Remember, bending the tab to the
left, will push the rudder to the right.
AOA GAUGE:
Don’t want an AOA gauge, no problem. Clicking here will show or hide the gauge. The rest of the details will
be found in the AOA section.
Lastly are the two DME readouts, one for each radio as indicated by the number in the top left of the screen.
These can be accessed when the ADF does have power, by clicking on the screen. Turning the small knob on
the KR87 will change between the NAV1 or NAV2 frequencies in the GNSs at the time. To get back to the ADF
screen, just click any of the three rightmost buttons.
In addition, if the outside temperature is cold, the available “cold cranking amps” of the battery are less. The
battery voltage on the clock/timepiece has been modified according to the POH and it correctly displays the
battery voltage.
Switches operate relays, which can handle higher currents. This has been modified in the sim too so when the
battery voltage drops below a certain level, relays don’t kick in and electrical functions won’t toggle.
Additionally, as a battery wears down, say, due to the alternator switch not being on or an alternator
malfunction, eventually the relays that operate the various electrical functions will “kick out” meaning that
electrical functions will turn off on their own, regardless of switch position.
This is like the real thing. The Ammeter reflects the realistic gauge too.
Press the top button to toggle between Outside Air Temperature and battery voltage
Additionally, you can manually pop a breaker to reset an electronic device such as the autopilot or a radio unit.
As in real life, when a circuit breaker pops, you can reset it as advised in the POH. But you might have to
continually reset it and as in real life, it could eventually not work at all. These older planes could have faulty
electrical equipment or maybe a “loose wire” that has rubbed against something for too long causing shorts
and tripping a breaker from time to time.
Another great feature is when your battery is drained too low to turn anything on, you can “hookup to outside
power”. When you are parked at an airport, and IN a parking spot, you can click the “INOP” breaker to initiate
the battery charger. The charger will be visible on the outside whilst the battery is charging. With your power
switch on, hovering over this breaker will show you the battery voltage as it charges (assuming the sims
tooltips are on). Eventually, your clock will show voltage too and your annunciator will come to life, as in real
life.
With the ability to “pop” or pull any breaker gives us the realism we experience with a flight instructor who will
randomly pull a break and announce that you have “lost your flaps...now what do you do?” or other similar
tests of partial panels or failures. This is a normal progression of flight training to prepare you for failures of
any sort. Again, use your POH Emergency section to correct or compensate for the problem with the correction
flow.
The switch works as it should with the TST (test) to show all lights are working and the bright/dim functionality
that is needed in day or night flight. The test function purpose is to ensure all the light bulbs behind that
screen work properly before flight. (similar to turning the key in your car and seeing the dashboard light up
before you start the engine)
The most prominent units are the GNS 530/430 units at the top that make up the COM1&2 and the NAV1&2.
This is also the GPS moving map and all the wonderful functions that come with these units. This manual will
not describe them, nor will your POH. You will need to consult the manuals for these devices to fully
understand them.
But the rest of the radio stack, including the ADF and the ELT to the right are all “radio devices”, that is, they
receive or transmit radio signals. These units have been modified to act like their real-life counterparts. The
following pages will describe what has been done.
The Bendix/King XPDR model KT 76C TSO has an accompanying operations manual included in our “Additional
Study Materials” section near the end of this manual.
At its core, the transponder receiver/transmitter sends a code from your plane so that ATC radars can identify
you and determine your speed, altitude etc. For new pilots in VFR training, we use code 1200 unless otherwise
directed by ATC. There is a convenient VFR button on the lower right to quickly change to this code. Otherwise
you punch the appropriate buttons. All the functions work as they should, including the TST position of the
dial. This tests that all readouts work. This mod also includes the version number of this modification software
in the lower left corner for your convenience.
The UP/DN buttons are used when setting your vertical speed while in VS mode and the inner/outer dial is
used for setting the Altitude Reference.
When you first power up your plane, the standard pressure (North America) is flashing on this unit until you
press the BARO button. If you long-press the BARO button, it will change to HPA. Use the inner/outer dial to
set the barometric pressure here anytime you adjust it on your Altimeter.
Once you have set that, the AP unit will work as it should. Consult the “Additional Study Materials” near the
end of this manual for links to this unit’s operating manual.
To Push/Pull the smaller frequency, you will need to right click on the knob. (to right click in the “legacy”
cockpit interaction system, click and hold the left mouse in the middle of the face of the small knob…you’ll see
a ‘hand’ mouse icon, then right click)
The ELT can activate when you have a hard landing or a crash and that has been modeled to do so properly and
with the correct sound and flashing light.
You will also notice that it also has the inspection date updated too, just to confirm you have this modified
version. Your added livery might change this panel.
A pilot is taught to monitor the guard frequency 121.5 at all times, usually through COM2 and as a quick check
after every landing to ensure we haven’t triggered it.
The test function works as well, as you would do in a typical real plane.
Keep in mind that it will not broadcast to other multiplayer users as some simulation users would then use it as
a prank on a continual basis. Only you will hear this.
You can see the two push buttons that work with your autopilot and the GNS systems. The GPS APR button
will activate the loaded approach.
You can test all the lights using the TST switch at the same time you test the system's light bulbs. If your power
switch is on and the avionics are powered up, all lights should be on when you use the TST switch in the up
position as shown here.
The two main GPS and COM/NAV radio units are the heart of your navigation system.
This manual won’t go into a tutorial on how to use them but they each use an avionics power bus
independently meaning that the Avionics BUS1 turns on the top unit, the 530. And the Avionics BUS2 switch
turns on the lower unit, the 430. Each also has their respective breaker busses.
Be aware though, that by default in a “cold and dark” state, you still have to turn the small power/volume dial
to turn them on individually and adjust their volume. They are connected to your annunciator panel and the
autopilot KAP 140 unit and work together as they should.
Also, just as previously mentioned about the ADF knob, to PUSH either the C/V or CRSR knobs, you will need to
right click on the knob. (to right click in the “legacy” cockpit interaction system, click and hold the left mouse in
the middle of the face of the small knob…you’ll see a ‘hand’ mouse icon when in the middle of the button,
then right click)
You will notice the 4 timer functions in the lower left of the display. These have been modified to work
according to the Davtron 803 Clock Operation Manual, including an FT alarm, an ET countdown mode with
alarm, FT reset, and screen test. The ability to also set LT to 12 or 24 hour formats is also included, and is done
by holding down the CONTROL button for 3 seconds while in LT mode.
For VC use, the ability to push both the SELECT and CONTROL buttons at the same time has been simulated by
right clicking on either the SELECT or CONTROL button. (to right click in the “legacy” cockpit interaction system,
click and hold the left mouse on either button, then right click)
Please refer to the manual and learn how to use these important functions for your cross-country flights as you
would expect in the real plane.
New for v1.0.8, is a user calibratable AOA indicator. Below is a brief description of the calibration definitions, if
one wishes to change it from the default settings. Just click on the appropriate option to set the current AOA
value at the time. A detailed explanation can be found in the G3X manual, page 30-38.
AOA Stall: Sets the AOA value for the top of the red "chevron".
AOA Warning: sets the AOA value for the bottom of the yellow "chevron" section of the AOA gauge, which is
also the AOA value at which the audible stall warning sound will begin.
AOA Approach: sets a specific point on the AOA gauge to use as the ideal target AOA for an approach, glide,
short-field landing, etc.
AOA Minimum: sets the AOA value for the bottom of the AOA gauge green arc.
In the case of attempting to set an invalid value, all the lights will blink for a couple of seconds to indicate an
error, and no value will be set.
There is also an audible beeping that starts once the AOA is at, or above, the warning level. This can be turned
on or off using the AUX button on the audio panel.
There is a small dynamically changing color indicator that can be visible in the lower right corner of the ADF
screen, to help indicate your comfort level.
Pressing and holding the OAT button on the clock for 3+ seconds will display the cabin temp while held in.
If it’s cold enough in the cabin, you will hear a “shivering” sound from time to time. This will happen more
frequently the colder you are. You will also make a noise letting you know that it's hot, but this will only
happen once, as not to be too annoying since there is no A/C.
Cabin Temp: Will change the OAT cabin temp display of fahrenheit or celsius.
Voice: Will change from female or male voice, or OFF if you don’t want this it all.
Ensure you have damages enabled in your settings so that hard crashes actually work. Having these damage
settings enabled is essential for the correct operation of some of the failure items, as well as proper engine
priming.
The main gear can collapse as metal fatigue increases over time, as in real life. With that bent propeller, you
will need a new engine too. Ouch!
However, to repair your busted up plane is quite simple. Just start a new flight at an airport of your choice, IN
a parking spot. At this point the elves have magically repaired the body damage and towed the plane back to
the airfield.
Now is your chance as a pilot to play mechanic, by repairing the engine and checking the oil as described in the
maintenance section.
Further information about the plane's systems can be found online and in your POH.
You can do a web search to find a POH to use. For copyright reasons, we don’t include one in this package.
Search for “Cessna 172S POH”. Plenty of clubs and schools share them.
The supplements section of the POH also contains useful information.
Here also, are some 3rd party links to the RW manuals at the time of writing. All of which can be found
through online searches also.
KAP 140 Autopilot
KT 76C Transponder
KR 87 ADF
M803 Clock
Garmin 530
Garmin 430
KMA 28 Audio Panel
M803 CLOCK
L:C172X_M803_TOP - DISPLAYS VOLTS, TEMP F, TEMP C, OR COCKPIT TEMP
L:C172X_M803_TOP_MODE - OPTIONAL INDICATOR OF THE ABOVE VALUES, 0=VOLTS, 1=OAT IN F, 2=OAT IN C, 3=OPTIONAL COCKPIT TEMP
H:M803_OAT_PRESS AND H:M803_OAT_RELEASE
H:M803_SELECT_PRESS AND H:M803_SELECT_RELEASE
H:M803_CONTROL_PRESS AND H:M803_CONTROL_RELEASE
GAUGES
A:AIRSPEED TRUE CALIBRATE 0-30
L:C172X_IAS INDICATED AIRSPEED
K:2:ATTITUDE_BARS_POSITION_SET 0-100 INDEX:1
K:KOHLSMAN_INC AND K:KOHLSMAN_DEC THESE NEED TO BE SENT A VALUE OF 2
K:2:KOHLSMAN_SET MB * 16 INDEX:2 (USUALLY NOT USED BY THE END USER, JUST MENTIONED FOR POSTERITY)
L:C172X_ALTITUDE
K:VOR1_OBI_INC AND K:VOR1_OBI_DEC
K:VOR2_OBI_INC AND K:VOR2_OBI_DEC
L:C172X_CDI_1_GPS_EMISSIVE
L:C172X_CDI_2_GPS_EMISSIVE
L:C172X_CDI_1_VLOC_EMISSIVE
L:C172X_CDI_2_VLOC_EMISSIVE
L:KI227_CARD_ADJUSTMENT KNOB FOR THE ADF GAUGE 0-359
L:KI227_COMPASS_CARD OUTPUT ONLY FOR THE ADF CARD
L:KI227_ADF_NEEDLE_POSITION OUTPUT ONLY FOR THE ADF NEEDLE
K:HEADING_BUG_INC AND K:HEADING_BUG_DEC
L:C172X_HEADING_INDICATOR
K:GYRO_DRIFT_SET_EX1 OR K:GYRO_DRIFT_INC/DEC
L:C172X_GYRO_KNOB ANIMATION ONLY - OPTIONALLY TO BE USED WITH GYRO_DRIFT
K:EGT1_INC AND K:EGT1_DEC
OR K:EGT1_SET 0-32767
ANNUNCIATOR PANEL
L:C172X_LOW_VAC_ANNUNCIATOR
L:C172X_OIL_PRESSURE_ANNUNCIATOR
L:C172X_LOWFUEL_CENTER_ANNUNCIATOR
L:C172X_LOWFUEL_LEFT_ANNUNCIATOR
L:C172X_LOWFUEL_RIGHT_ANNUNCIATOR
L:C172X_LOW_VOLT_ANNUNCIATOR
ANNUNCIATOR SWITCH
H:C172X_ANNUNCIATOR_TST
H:C172X_ANNUNCIATOR_BRT
H:C172X_ANNUNCIATOR_DIM
L:C172X_ANNUN_SWITCH_STATUS *OUTPUT VARIABLE ONLY 0=TST 1=BRT 2=DIM
MD41 ANNUNCIATOR
H:MD41_NAVGPS_PRESS AND H:MD41_NAVGPS_RELEASE
H:MD41_GPSAPR_PRESS AND H:MD41_GPSAPR_RELEASE *HAS NO EFFECT
L:MD41_GPS_ANNUNCIATOR
L:MD41_NAV_ANNUNCIATOR
L:MD41_ARM_ANNUNCIATOR
L:MD41_ACTV_ANNUNCIATOR
BREAKERS
** ALL BREAKERS WORK WITH 1/0
L:C172X_AVFAN_BREAKER_PULLED
L:C172X_AP_BREAKER_PULLED
L:C172X_BATTERY_CHARGE - AUTO TURNS OFF WHEN FULL
L:C172X_NAVCOM1_BREAKER_PULLED
L:C172X_NAVCOM2_BREAKER_PULLED
L:C172X_ADF_BREAKER_PULLED
L:C172X_XPNDR_BREAKER_PULLED
—----------------------------------------------------------
L:C172X_LTSPWR_BREAKER_PULLED
L:C172X_FLAPS_BREAKER_PULLED
L:C172X_INST_BREAKER_PULLED
B:ELECTRICAL_AVIONICS_BUS_3 - AVN BUS 1
B:ELECTRICAL_AVIONICS_BUS_4 - AVN BUS 2
L:C172X_TURNCOORD_BREAKER_PULLED
L:C172X_INSTLTS_BREAKER_PULLED
L:C172X_ALT_BREAKER
L:C172X_WARN_BREAKER_PULLED
MAIN SWITCHES
** NOTE - SET EVENTS ARE 1/0
K:ALTERNATOR_ON AND K:ALTERNATOR_OFF
K:MASTER_BATTERY_ON AND K:MASTER_BATTERY_OFF
K:ELECT_FUEL_PUMP1_SET
K:BEACON_LIGHTS_SET
K:LANDING_LIGHTS_SET
K:TAXI_LIGHTS_SET
K:NAV_LIGHTS_SET
K:STROBES_SET
K:PITOT_HEAT_SET
K:AVIONICS_MASTER_1_SET
K:AVIONICS_MASTER_2_SET
IGNITION
K:MAGNETO_OFF
K:MAGNETO_RIGHT
K:MAGNETO_LEFT
K:MAGNETO_BOTH
START POSITION
SWITCHED ON - K:SET_STARTER1_HELD AND L:XMLVAR_MAGNETO_STARTER_ISHELD TO 1
SWITCHED OFF - L:XMLVAR_MAGNETO_STARTER_ISHELD TO 0
LIGHTING KNOBS
K:LIGHT_POTENTIOMETER_3_SET 0-100 PANEL LIGHTS
K:LIGHT_POTENTIOMETER_5_SET 0-100 GLARESHIELD LIGHTS
K:LIGHT_POTENTIOMETER_6_SET 0-100 PEDESTAL LIGHTS
K:LIGHT_POTENTIOMETER_7_SET 0-100 RADIO LIGHTS
K:LIGHT_POTENTIOMETER_10_SET 0-100 PILOT CABIN LIGHT
K:LIGHT_POTENTIOMETER_11_SET 0-100 COPILOT CABIN LIGHT
K:LIGHT_POTENTIOMETER_12_SET 0-100 REAR CABIN LIGHT
ELT
H:C172X_ELT_ON
H:C172X_ELT_ARM
H:C172X_ELT_TST
L:C172X_ELT_ANNUNCIATOR
ADF
H:KR87_ADF_PRESS AND H:KR87_ADF_RELEASE
H:KR87_BFO_PRESS AND H:KR87_BFO_RELEASE
H:KR87_FREQ_PRESS AND H:KR87_FREQ_RELEASE
H:KR87_FLTET_PRESS AND H:KR87_FLTET_RELEASE
H:KR87_SETRST_PRESS AND H:KR87_SETRST_RELEASE
K:ADF_VOLUME_INC
K:ADF_VOLUME_DEC
OR K:ADF_VOLUME_SET 0 - 100
H:KR87_KNOB_OUTER_INC
H:KR87_KNOB_OUTER_DEC
H:KR87_KNOB_INNER_INC
H:KR87_KNOB_INNER_DEC
L:KR87_KNOB_INNER_PUSH SET 1/0 (FREQ KNOB PUSH VAR)
** BECAUSE OF THE LACK OF SUPPORTED SIM EVENTS FOR PROPER FUNCTIONALITY, THE EXPECTED USE OF
ADF ACTIVE/STANDBY COULD NOT BE USED
A:ADF ACTIVE FREQUENCY:1 DISPLAY VAR FOR THE ACTIVE
A:ADF ACTIVE FREQUENCY:2 DISPLAY VAR FOR THE STANDBY
L:KR87_RIGHT_DISPLAY RECOMMENDED OPTIONAL OUTPUT TO DISPLAY THE RIGHT SIDE
L:KR87_RIGHTDISPLAYMODE 0-FRQ 1-FLT 2-ET (COUNTUP) 3-ET (COUNTDOWN)
L:KR87_BFOMODE
L:KR87_ADFMODE
DME
A:NAV DME:1, NAUTICAL MILES
A:NAV DME:2, NAUTICAL MILES
L:C172X_DMESPEED:1
L:C172X_DMESPEED:2
L:C172X_DMETIME:1
L:C172X_DMETIME:2
MISC
K:TOGGLE_ALTERNATE_STATIC
K:SET_FUEL_VALVE_ENG1 0/1
K:FUEL_SELECTOR_SET 1/2/3
L:XMLVAR_CABIN_AIR_1_POSITION 0-100
L:XMLVAR_CABIN_HEAT_1_POSITION 0-100
K:FLAPS_INCR
K:FLAPS_DECR
K:PARKING_BRAKE_SET 0/1
K:ELEV_TRIM_UP
K:ELEV_TRIM_DN
L:C172X_ATTITUDE_IND_PITCH_DEGREES
L:C172X_ATTITUDE_IND_BANK_DEGREES
L:C172X_AMMETER_CURRENT
GARMINS
** REPLACE X30 WITH 530/430 AS NEEDED
L:C172X_AOA_BAR_X