The Metaphysical Society (1869-1880)

Catherine Marshall
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 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 18/7/2019, SPi

The Metaphysical Society (1869–1880)

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The Metaphysical
Society (1869–1880)
Intellectual Life in Mid-Victorian England

Edited by
CATHERINE MARSHALL, BERNARD LIGHTMAN,
AND
RICHARD ENGLAND

1
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3
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 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 18/7/2019, SPi

Acknowledgements

I thank Eastern Illinois University for providing support that allowed me to work
on this project. My wife, Dr. Charlotte England, has once again offered support,
intelligent advice, and patience that was essential to my ability to become once
more absorbed by the metaphysical.

Richard England
January 2019
Eastern Illinois University

I want to acknowledge the support of the Templeton Religion Trust throughout

this project. Thanks to Sydney Eisen, for introducing me to the Metaphysical
Society and to Victorian intellectual history in general. Finally, I am indebted to
my wife, Merle, for over fifty years of love and encouragement.

Bernard Lightman
January 2019
York University

I would like to thank Dr. Sue Killoran (Harris Manchester College) for her
invaluable and constant help in answering our numerous queries and providing
assistance, often in very pressing circumstances. I would also like to thank my
research centre—Agora—and my University—the University of Cergy-Pontoise—
for giving me the time and the financial support to make this project possible. My
last thanks are for my family—Julian, Emma, and Daphné—without whose
constant support, love, and sense of humour, none of my work would ever be
the same.

Catherine Marshall
January 2019
Université de Cergy-Pontoise, France

We all warmly thank the contributors for having illuminated the papers of the
Metaphysical Society with such brilliance as well as for working with us in such
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vi 

harmony. We are also grateful to Tom Perridge and Karen Raith of Oxford
University Press for their interest in this project and their help in bringing it to
fruition. Finally, we are indebted to two anonymous referees recruited by Oxford
University Press for their insightful reports that pushed us to strengthen the
volume even more.
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Contents

List of Illustrations ix
List of Contributors xi
Introduction: The Metaphysical Society in Context 1
Catherine Marshall, Bernard Lightman, and Richard England

PART I: SOCIETY AND THE POLITICS

OF ENGAGEMENT

1. The Personalization of Intellectual Combat: James Fitzjames

Stephen and the Metaphysical Society 19
Bruce Kinzer
2. The Editors of the Metaphysical Society, or Disseminating
the Ideas of the Metaphysicians 42
Catherine Marshall
3. Liberalism and the Metaphysical Society 63
Andrew Vincent

PART II: MIRACLES, UNSEEN UNIVERSES,

AND NATURAL CAUSES

4. ‘The Cross-Examination of the Physiologist’: T. H. Huxley and the

Resurrection 91
Gowan Dawson
5. Cause, Nature, and the Limits of Language: Martineau
and Maurice on the Philosophical Necessity of Theism 119
Richard England
6. Expertise in the Miracles Debate 141
Anne DeWitt
7. Hodgson, Clifford, and the Unseen Universe 162
W. J. Mander
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viii 

PART III: INTUITIONISM AND EMPIRICISM:

MAPPING THE BOUNDARIES

8. Evolution, Ethics, and the Metaphysical Society, 1869–1875 185

Ian Hesketh
9. Between Intuition and Empiricism: William Benjamin
Carpenter on Man, Mind, and Moral Responsibility 204
Piers J. Hale
10. Intuitionism, Religious Belief, and Proof in the Papers of the
Metaphysical Society 228
William Sweet
11. Catholics and the Metaphysical Basis of Science 252
Bernard Lightman

Postscript 270
Richard England, Bernard Lightman, and Catherine Marshall

Index 279
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List of Illustrations

0.1 The notice of resolution. Metaphysical Society. Minute book:

manuscript, 1869–1880. MS Eng 1061 (vol.1), pp. 1–2. Houghton
Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 3
0.2a and b. An example of one of the Society papers. First and last page
of Mark Pattison’s paper given on 9 April 1872 and entitled ‘The
Arguments for a future Life’. Copyright clearance kindly granted by
Harris Manchester College, Oxford. 4
0.3 An invitation to members of the Society to attend the meeting on
December 9th, 1879 (# 90). Permission to reproduce granted by
the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford. 7
4.1 First page of ‘The Evidence of the Miracle of the Resurrection’,
which was printed on the presses of the Spectator, presumably in haste,
after Thomas Henry Huxley delivered the manuscript to Richard
Holt Hutton, probably on Monday 3 January 1876. As was the convention,
the printed paper was marked ‘Private’ and did not carry the name
of the author, although it has been subsequently added
(‘Professor Huxley’) by hand.
© The British Library Board, Cup.400.c.2.(21.) 98
4.2 ‘Men of The Day No. 34’, Vanity Fair, 21 October 1871,
chromolithograph by James Tissot. This caricature of the theistic
clergyman Charles Voysey was published in the same year that he
was deprived of his Church of England living and began giving
sermons in which he denied that Christ had died upon the cross.
© Mary Evans Picture Library. 103
4.3 Title page of The Fair Haven (London: Trübner, 1873), showing the
elaborate conceit by which Samuel Butler reworked his 1865 pamphlet
denying Christ’s death during the Crucifixion into a posthumous treatise,
purportedly proving the reality of the Resurrection, by a fictitious
clergyman, edited by his equally imaginary brother.
© The British Library Board, 4017.h.23 106
6.1 Advertisement for Supernatural Religion (Examiner 3512
[22 May 1875], p. 592.) 149
12.1 Notice of dissolution, November 16, 1880. From Mark Pattison’s set
of papers of the Metaphysical Society kept at Harris Manchester College
in Oxford. Copyright clearance kindly granted by Harris Manchester
College, Oxford. 271
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List of Contributors

Gowan Dawson is Professor of Victorian Literature and Culture, and Director of the
Victorian Studies Centre, at the University of Leicester. He is the author of Show Me the
Bone: Reconstructing Prehistoric Monsters in Nineteenth-Century Britain and America
(University of Chicago Press, 2016), Darwin, Literature and Victorian Respectability
(Cambridge University Press, 2007), and co-author of Science in the Nineteenth-Century
Periodical: Reading the Magazine of Nature (Cambridge University Press, 2004). With
Bernard Lightman, he is editor of Victorian Scientific Naturalism: Community, Identity,
Continuity (University of Chicago Press, 2014), and Victorian Science and Literature, eight
vols. (Routledge, 2011–12).

Anne DeWitt is Clinical Associate Professor at New York University’s Gallatin School of
Individualized Study. She is the author of Moral Authority, Men of Science, and the
Victorian Novel (Cambridge University Press, 2013) and is currently at work on a book-
length project about the reception of religious novels in the 1880s.

Richard England is a historian of science and religion and Honors College Administrator
who has published on the history of evolutionary thought and controversy, with a particular
interest in Victorian religious responses to Darwinism. In teaching Honors classes at Salisbury
University (Maryland) and Eastern Illinois University he has sought to use his research to
illuminate the epistemological and philosophical foundations of contemporary scientific
controversies. England is also a researching participant in American Honors program
education, and has published in the Journal of the National Collegiate Honors Council and
contributed to a monograph on interdisciplinary science education in honors programs. He is
currently working on papers on the Huxley–Wilberforce debate and on Victorian science and
biblical criticism, as well as a monograph inspired by the discussions of the Metaphysical
Society tentatively titled the ‘Victorian Crisis of Knowledge’.

Piers J. Hale is Deisenroth Professor in the History of Science at the University of

Oklahoma. He researches the publication, popularization, and reception of evolution in
the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In Political Descent (Chicago University Press,
2014), he explored the political implications that Darwin’s contemporaries took his deeply
Malthusian idea of natural selection to have. He is currently working on two projects: a
study of Charles Kingsley and his evolutionary fairy story Water Babies, co-authored with
John H. Beatty; and a history of the community of radical thinkers who shaped the
developing science of mind and morals in nineteenth-century England.
Ian Hesketh is an Australian Research Council Future Fellow in the Institute for Advanced
Studies in the Humanities at the University of Queensland. His research concerns the
relationship of science, religion, and history in Victorian Britain. His most recent book,
Victorian Jesus: J. R. Seeley, Religion, and the Cultural Significance of Anonymity, was
published in 2017.
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xii   

Bruce Kinzer is Professor of History at Kenyon College. Most of his work has focused on
J. S. Mill. He collaborated with John M. Robson in editing Mill’s Public and Parliamentary
Speeches, volumes 28–29 of Mill’s Collected Works (1988), and joined Ann P. Robson and
John M. Robson in writing A Moralist In and Out of Parliament: John Stuart Mill at
Westminster, 1865–1868 (1992). He subsequently published England’s Disgrace? J.S. Mill
and the Irish Question (2001) and J.S. Mill Revisited: Biographical and Political Explorations
(2007).
Bernard Lightman is Distinguished Research Professor in the Humanities Department at
York University, a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and President (2018–2019) of the
History of Science Society. Lightman’s research focuses on the cultural history of Victorian
science. Among his most recent publications are the edited collections Global Spencerism,
A Companion to the History of Science, and Science Museums in Transition (co-edited with
Carin Berkowitz). He is one of the general editors of the John Tyndall Correspondence
Project, an international collaborative effort to obtain, digitalize, transcribe, and publish all
surviving letters to and from Tyndall.

W. J. Mander is Professor of History of Modern Philosophy at Oxford University, where he

is a Fellow of Harris Manchester College. He edited The Oxford Handbook of British
Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century (OUP 2014), and is the author of Idealist Ethics
(OUP 2016) and British Idealism, a History. (OUP 2011).

Catherine Marshall is Professor of British Studies at the Université de Cergy-Pontoise in

France. Her research focuses mainly on the history of ideas in the second-half of the
nineteenth century. She also works on the development of political ideas in Victorian
Britain and on their legacy in the twentieth century. She is the co-editor, with Bernard
Lightman and Richard England, of a three-volume critical edition of The Papers of The
Metaphysical Society (1869–1880) (Oxford University Press, 2015). She co-edited, with
Jean-Paul Rosaye, an issue of the journal Philosophical Enquiries on ‘L’idéalisme
britannique—British Idealism’ (Editions Matériologiques, 2018), and co-edited with Stéphane
Guy, The Victorian Legacy in Political Thought (Peter Lang, 2014). Her forthcoming project
analyses the concept of deference in a democratic age, from Bagehot to Brexit.
William Sweet is Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Centre for Philosophy,
Theology, and Cultural Traditions, at St. Francis Xavier University, Canada. He is a Past-
President of the Canadian Philosophical Association, a Fellow of the Royal Historical
Society, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. He has published extensively on
British Idealism, philosophical theology, and the philosophy of Jacques Maritain. He is the
author of Idealism and Rights: Human Rights in the Political Philosophy of Bernard
Bosanquet; and editor of Bosanquet and the Legacy of British Idealism; The Moral, Social,
and Political Philosophy of the British Idealists; and the Continuum Encyclopedia of British
Idealism.
Andrew Vincent is Professor Emeritus at Sheffield University, Honorary Research Profes-
sor at Cardiff University, Professorial Fellow of the Collingwood and British Idealism
Centre, Cardiff University, Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, and Fellow of the Learned
Society of Wales.
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Introduction: The Metaphysical

Society in Context
Catherine Marshall, Bernard Lightman,
and Richard England

The History of the Metaphysical Society (1869–1880)

The creation of the Metaphysical Society was set in motion in November 1868
when the society architect and future editor of both the Contemporary Review and
Nineteenth Century Review, James Knowles, the poet Laureate Lord Tennyson,
and the clergyman and astronomer Rev. Charles Pritchard, imagined a debating
club to discuss theological questions using the rigorous methodology of science.
Drawing on the model of the famous Cambridge Apostles, this Society would
bring together a number of well-known Victorians interested in making sense of
the religious changes that were taking place in mid-Victorian Britain in a spirit
of freedom and openness. Knowles immediately included in the project a number
of religious intellectuals from all denominations, such as the highly regarded
Unitarian James Martineau, the Catholic Cardinal Manning, and the well-
known editor of the Dublin Review and former member of the Oxford Movement,
W. G. Ward. They joined important Anglican figures, including the editor of the
Spectator, R. H. Hutton, the Broad Churchman Dean Stanley, the theologian Dean
Alford of Canterbury, and the High Church biblical scholar Charles Ellicott,
Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol. Nevertheless, it soon became clear that restrict-
ing the membership of the Society to believers would only stifle real debate. Those
who rejected the existence of the supernatural in the 1860s, and who were steadily
gaining ground in Victorian society, had to be allowed to join, the better to engage
using their own methodological tools.
The ‘Metaphysical and Psychological Society’—its original name, immediately
shortened—began to meet in 1869. During the lifetime of the Society—its last
meeting took place in 1880—sixty-two eminent male Victorian intellectuals
became members and ninety-five papers were presented.¹ When the Society was

¹ Henry Wentworth Acland, Henry Alford, Walter Bagehot, Arthur James Balfour, Alfred Barratt,
Alfred Barry, Matthew P. W. Boulton, John Charles Bucknill, George Douglas Campbell (Duke
of Argyll),William Benjamin Carpenter, Richard William Church, Andrew Clark, Robert Clarke,
William K. Clifford, John D. Dalgairns, Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant-Duff, Charles J. Ellicott,
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2  ,  ,   

officially created during the meeting of 21 April 1869, the twenty-six original
founding members outlined its goals. The notice of resolution stated that its
primary aim was to ‘collect, arrange, and diffuse Knowledge (whether objective
or subjective) of mental and moral phenomena’. The Society was expected to
‘collect trustworthy observations’ upon subjects related to ‘science’—essentially
natural, empirical science—and ‘metaphysics’, or traditional philosophical ques-
tions about the nature of things that could not be described in another way. The
second aim was to engage in a spirit of willingness to listen respectfully and argue
freely. The third and fourth aims stated that the members were to meet once a
month when Parliament sat and that the total of the members should not exceed
fifty (Figure 0.1).
In reality, there was a considerable difference between what the notice of
resolution stated as the aims of the Society and the contents of the ninety-five
papers which were given over the eleven years of its existence.² For a start, and
perhaps most importantly, the very definition of the nature of metaphysics was
itself never fully tackled, leading to ambiguity about the scope and focus of
discussion. The diverse membership has often been described as a gentlemanly
elite of Victorian debating amateurs, but this seems to miss the importance of the
polite atmosphere of their gatherings. The tone that was established allowed
members to speak their minds freely, but it did not resolve the profound disagree-
ments that divided the Society. Froude told Ward’s son that an attitude of mutual
disapproval existed in the earliest meetings of the Society:
A speaker at one of the first meetings laid down emphatically as a necessary
condition to success, that no element of moral reprobation must appear in the
debates. There was a pause, and then Mr. Ward said, ‘While acquiescing in this
condition as a general rule, I think it cannot be expected that Christian thinkers
shall give no sign of the horror with which they would view the spread of such
extreme opinions as those advocated by Mr. Huxley.’ Another pause ensued, and
Mr. Huxley said, ‘As Dr. Ward has spoken I must in fairness say that it will be

Alexander Campbell Fraser, James Anthony Froude, Joseph Raymond Gasquet, William Ewart
Gladstone, Alexander Grant, William Rathbone Greg, George Grove, William Withey Gull, Frederic
Harrison, James Hinton, Shadworth Hodgson, Richard Holt Hutton, Thomas Henry Huxley, James
Knowles, Robert Lowe, John Lubbock, Edmund Lushington, William Connor Magee, Henry Edward
Manning, James Martineau, Frederick Denison Maurice, St. George Jackson Mivart, John Morley,
James B. Mozley, Roden Noel, Roundell Palmer, Mark Pattison, Frederick Pollock, Charles Pritchard,
George Croom Robertson, John Ruskin, Arthur Russell, John Robert Seeley, Henry Sidgwick, Arthur
Penrhyn Stanley, James Fitzjames Stephen, Leslie Stephen, James Sully, James Joseph Sylvester, Alfred
Tennyson, Connop Thirlwall, William Thomson, John Tyndall, Charles Barnes Upton, and William
George Ward. See the biographical register in The Papers of the Metaphysical Society 1869–1880.
A Critical Edition, edited by Catherine Marshall, Bernard Lightman, and Richard England (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2015), vol. 3, pp. 333–48.

² See Introduction in The Papers of the Metaphysical Society 1869–1880. A Critical Edition,
Catherine Marshall, Bernard Lightman, and Richard England, eds., 3 vols. (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2015), pp. 15–26.
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Figure 0.1 The notice of resolution. Metaphysical Society. Minute book: manuscript, 1869–1880. MS Eng 1061 (vol.1), pp. 1–2. Houghton
Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
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Figures 0.2a and 0.2b An example of one of the Society papers. First and last page of
Mark Pattison’s paper given on 9 April 1872 and entitled ‘The Arguments for a future
Life’. Copyright clearance kindly granted by Harris Manchester College, Oxford.
 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 17/7/2019, SPi

Figures 0.2a and 0.2b Continued

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6  ,  ,   

very difficult for me to conceal my feeling as to the intellectual degradation which

would come of the general acceptance of such views as Dr. Ward holds.’ No
answer was given; but the single speech on either side brought home then and
there to all, including the speakers themselves, that if such a tone were admitted
the Society could not last a day. From that time onwards, says Mr. Froude, no
word of the kind was ever heard.³

Something broader than was intended was set in motion at the Metaphysical
Society—of which the members themselves were not even aware—that left a trace
during and after its demise in 1880.
The three volumes of the 2015 critical edition presented the ninety-five papers
given at the Metaphysical Society.⁴ Most of the original papers were found or
retrieved in their published version. The critical edition of the papers also drew on
information mined from the Minute Book of the Metaphysical Society, which had
been lost at the beginning of the twentieth century and then located by Richard
England at Harvard University.⁵ The Minute Book contains a record of who
attended each of the monthly meetings. Papers were marked ‘private’. No
names were included, only the date, the title, the meeting place, and the instruc-
tions on how to send questions in advance (Figures 0.2a and 0.2b). This format
allowed for discretion and therefore more open discussion. The papers were
folded in two vertically and sent to all the members before the meeting to allow
questions to be prepared. It is easy to see why most of them were either lost or
forgotten as nothing linked them to their authors or to the Metaphysical Society.
The invitations sent were more specific and bore the name of the Society, the title
of the paper to be given, and the name of its author (Figure 0.3). But very few
invitations have been found.
Scholars have paid relatively little attention to the Metaphysical Society, despite
the eminent list of its members. The only biography of the Society, A. W. Brown’s
1947 book, was perhaps too influenced by the context of WWII in its vision of the
Society as a model for liberal ideals. Essentially, there have been very few attempts
to make sense of the meaning of the papers as a whole.⁶ It is only through the work
to publish the papers of the Metaphysical Society between 2013 and 2015, that the
Society could become the subject of new interpretations. One paper in particular,

³ Wilfrid Ward, William George Ward and the Catholic Revival (London: Macmillan, 1893),
pp. 309–10.
⁴ Throughout The Metaphysical Society (1869–1880): Intellectual Life in Mid-Victorian England,
references to specific papers are from The Papers of the Metaphysical Society 1869–1880, Richard
England, Bernard Lightman, and Catherine Marshall, eds. In those volumes the papers are numbered
chronologically. We supply the number in brackets for any references to a specific paper.
⁵ See Metaphysical Society, Minute book: manuscript, 1869–80. MS Eng 1061 (2 vols.), Houghton
library, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
⁶ See ‘Current scholarship’, in Catherine Marshall et al., eds., The Papers of the Metaphysical Society
1869–1880, vol. 1, pp. 9–14. For a bibliography of the most useful sources on the Society, see ‘Further
Reading’, in Catherine Marshall et al., eds., The Papers of the Metaphysical Society 1869–1880, vol. 3,
pp. 327–32.
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:      7

Figure 0.3 An invitation to members of the Society to attend the meeting on

December 9th, 1879 (# 90). Permission to reproduce granted by the Bodleian
Library, University of Oxford.

Bernard Lightman’s 2013 Drake lecture, published under the title ‘Science at the
Metaphysical Society: Defining Knowledge in the 1870s’, drew on research carried
out on the collected works, and was the starting point of a number of new articles
which have shown the extent of the research still needed to be done in order to
make full sense of the role of the Metaphysical Society in the 1870s as well as the
full extent of its legacy.⁷ He made clear that something else was at stake within the

⁷ Bernard Lightman, ‘Science at The Metaphysical Society: Defining Knowledge in the 1870s’, in The
Age of Scientific Naturalism: John Tyndall and His Contemporaries, Michael Reidy and Bernard
Lightman, eds (London: Pickering and Chatto, 2014), pp. 187–206; Paul White, ‘The Conduct of Belief:
Agnosticism, the Metaphysical Society, and the Formation of Intellectual Communities’, in Victorian
Scientific Naturalism: Community, Identity, Continuity, Gowan Dawson and Bernard Lightman, eds
(Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2014), pp. 220–41; Catherine Marshall, ‘The debate on
vivisection within the Metaphysical Society’, Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique, Vol 19/3,
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Under Sealed Orders.

By E. LESTER ARNOLD.
Phra the Phœnician.

BY FRANK BARRETT.
Fettered for Life.
Little Lady Linton.
Between Life & Death.
Sin of Olga Zassoulich.
Folly Morrison.
Lieut. Barnabas.
Honest Davie.
A Prodigal’s Progress.
Found Guilty.
A Recoiling Vengeance.
For Love and Honour.
John Ford, &c.
Woman of Iron Brace’ts.
The Harding Scandal.
A Missing Witness.
 By SHELSLEY BEAUCHAMP.
Grantley Grange.

By FREDERICK BOYLE.
Camp Notes.
Savage Life.
Chronicles of No-man’s Land.

By Sir W. BESANT and J. RICE.

Ready-Money Mortiboy.
My Little Girl.
With Harp and Crown.
This Son of Vulcan.
The Golden Butterfly.
The Monks of Thelema.
By Celia’s Arbour.
Chaplain of the Fleet.
The Seamy Side.
The Case of Mr. Lucraft.
In Trafalgar’s Bay.
The Ten Years’ Tenant.

By Sir WALTER BESANT.

All Sorts and Conditions of Men.
The Captains’ Room.
All in a Garden Fair.
Dorothy Forster.
Uncle Jack.
The World Went Very Well Then.
Children of Gibeon.
Herr Paulus.
For Faith and Freedom.
To Call Her Mine.
The Master Craftsman.
The Bell of St. Paul’s.
The Holy Rose.
Armorel of Lyonesse.
S. Katherine’s by Tower.
Verbena Camellia Stephanotis.
The Ivory Gate.
The Rebel Queen.
Beyond the Dreams of Avarice.
The Revolt of Man.
In Deacon’s Orders.
The City of Refuge.

By AMBROSE BIERCE.
In the Midst of Life.

BY BRET HARTE.
Californian Stories.
Gabriel Conroy.
Luck of Roaring Camp.
An Heiress of Red Dog.
Flip.
Maruja.
A Phyllis of the Sierras.
A Waif of the Plains.
Ward of Golden Gate.

By ROBERT BUCHANAN.
Shadow of the Sword.
A Child of Nature.
God and the Man.
Love Me for Ever.
Foxglove Manor.
The Master of the Mine.
Annan Water.
The Martyrdom of Madeline.
The New Abelard.
The Heir of Linne.
Woman and the Man.
Rachel Dene.
Matt.
Lady Kilpatrick.

By BUCHANAN and MURRAY.

The Charlatan.

By HALL CAINE.
The Shadow of a Crime.
A Son of Hagar.
The Deemster.

By Commander CAMERON.
The Cruise of the ‘Black Prince.’

By HAYDEN CARRUTH.
The Adventures of Jones.

By AUSTIN CLARE.
For the Love of a Lass.

By Mrs. ARCHER CLIVE.

Paul Ferroll.
Why Paul Ferroll Killed his Wife.

By MACLAREN COBBAN.
The Cure of Souls.
The Red Sultan.

By C. ALLSTON COLLINS.
The Bar Sinister.

By MORT. & FRANCES COLLINS.

Sweet Anna Page.
Transmigration.
From Midnight to Midnight.
A Fight with Fortune.
Sweet and Twenty.
The Village Comedy.
You Play me False.
Blacksmith and Scholar.
Frances.

By WILKIE COLLINS.
Armadale.
After Dark.
No Name.
Antonina.
Basil.
Hide and Seek.
The Dead Secret.
Queen of Hearts.
Miss or Mrs.?
The New Magdalen.
The Frozen Deep.
The Law and the Lady.
The Two Destinies.
The Haunted Hotel.
A Rogue’s Life.
My Miscellanies.
The Woman in White.
The Moonstone.
Man and Wife.
Poor Miss Finch.
The Fallen Leaves.
Jezebel’s Daughter.
The Black Robe.
Heart and Science.
‘I Say No!’
The Evil Genius.
Little Novels.
Legacy of Cain.
Blind Love.

By M. J. COLQUHOUN.
Every Inch a Soldier.

By C. EGBERT CRADDOCK.
The Prophet of the Great Smoky Mountains.

By MATT CRIM.
The Adventures of a Fair Rebel.

By B. M. CROKER.
Pretty Miss Neville.
Diana Barrington.
‘To Let.’
A Bird of Passage.
Proper Pride.
A Family Likeness.
A Third Person.
Village Tales and Jungle Tragedies.
Two Masters.
Mr. Jervis.
The Real Lady Hilda.
Married or Single?
Interference.

By W. CYPLES.
Hearts of Gold.

By ALPHONSE DAUDET.
The Evangelist; or, Port Salvation.

By ERASMUS DAWSON.
The Fountain of Youth.

By JAMES DE MILLE.
A Castle in Spain.

By J. LEITH DERWENT.
Our Lady of Tears.
Circe’s Lovers.

By DICK DONOVAN.
The Man-Hunter.
Tracked and Taken.
Caught at Last!
Wanted!
Who Poisoned Hetty Duncan?
Man from Manchester.
A Detective’s Triumphs.
In the Grip of the Law.
From Information Received.
Tracked to Doom.
Link by Link.
Suspicion Aroused.
Dark Deeds.
Riddles Read.
The Mystery of Jamaica Terrace.
The Chronicles of Michael Danevitch.

By Mrs. ANNIE EDWARDES.

A Point of Honour.
Archie Lovell.

By M. BETHAM-EDWARDS.
Felicia.
Kitty.

By EDWARD EGGLESTON.
Roxy.

By G. MANVILLE FENN.
The New Mistress.
Witness to the Deed.
The Tiger Lily.
The White Virgin.

By PERCY FITZGERALD.
Bella Donna.
Never Forgotten.
Polly.
Fatal Zero.
Second Mrs. Tillotson.
Seventy-five Brooke Street.
The Lady of Brantome.

By P. FITZGERALD and others.

Strange Secrets.

By ALBANY DE FONBLANQUE.
Filthy Lucre.

By R. E. FRANCILLON.
Olympia.
One by One.
A Real Queen.
Queen Cophetua.
King or Knave?
Romances of the Law.
Ropes of Sand.
A Dog and his Shadow.

By HAROLD FREDERIC.
Seth’s Brother’s Wife.
The Lawton Girl.

Prefaced by Sir BARTLE FRERE.

Pandurang Hari.

By EDWARD GARRETT.
The Capel Girls.

By GILBERT GAUL.
A Strange Manuscript.

By CHARLES GIBBON.
Robin Gray.
Fancy Free.
For Lack of Gold.
What will the World Say?
In Love and War.
For the King.
In Pastures Green.
Queen of the Meadow.
A Heart’s Problem.
The Dead Heart.
In Honour Bound.
Flower of the Forest.
The Braes of Yarrow.
The Golden Shaft.
Of High Degree.
By Mead and Stream.
Loving a Dream.
A Hard Knot.
Heart’s Delight.
Blood-Money.

By WILLIAM GILBERT.
Dr. Austin’s Guests.
James Duke.
The Wizard of the Mountain.
 By ERNEST GLANVILLE.
The Lost Heiress.
A Fair Colonist.
The Fossicker.

By Rev. S. BARING GOULD.

Red Spider.
Eve.

By HENRY GREVILLE.
A Noble Woman.
Nikanor.

By CECIL GRIFFITH.
Corinthia Marazion.

By SYDNEY GRUNDY.
The Days of his Vanity.

By JOHN HABBERTON.
Brueton’s Bayou.
Country Luck.

By ANDREW HALLIDAY.
Every-day Papers.

By THOMAS HARDY.
Under the Greenwood Tree.

By JULIAN HAWTHORNE.
Garth.
Ellice Quentin.
Fortune’s Fool.
Miss Cadogna.
Sebastian Strome.
Dust.
Beatrix Randolph.
Love—or a Name.
David Poindexter’s Disappearance.
The Spectre of the Camera.

By Sir ARTHUR HELPS.

Ivan de Birou.

By G. A. HENTY.
Rujub the Juggler.

By HENRY HERMAN.
A Leading Lady.

By HEADON HILL.
Zambra the Detective.

By JOHN HILL.
Treason Felony.

By Mrs. CASHEL HOEY.

The Lover’s Creed.

By Mrs. GEORGE HOOPER.

The House of Raby.

By Mrs. HUNGERFORD.
A Maiden all Forlorn.
In Durance Vile.
Marvel.
A Mental Struggle.
A Modern Circe.
April’s Lady.
Peter’s Wife.
Lady Verner’s Flight.
The Red House Mystery.
The Three Graces.
Unsatisfactory Lover.
Lady Patty.
Nora Creina.
Professor’s Experiment.

By Mrs. ALFRED HUNT.

Thornicroft’s Model.
That Other Person.
Self-Condemned.
The Leaden Casket.

By WM. JAMESON.
My Dead Self.

By HARRIETT JAY.
The Dark Colleen.
Queen of Connaught.

By MARK KERSHAW.
Colonial Facts and Fictions.

By R. ASHE KING.
A Drawn Game.
‘The Wearing of the Green.’
Passion’s Slave.
Bell Barry.

By EDMOND LEPELLETIER.
Madame Sans Gene.

By JOHN LEYS.
The Lindsays.

By E. LYNN LINTON.
Patricia Kemball.
The World Well Lost.
Under which Lord?
Paston Carew.
‘My Love!’
Ione.
With a Silken Thread.
The Atonement of Leam Dundas.
Rebel of the Family.
Sowing the Wind.
The One Too Many.
Dulcie Everton.

By HENRY W. LUCY.
Gideon Fleyce.

By JUSTIN McCARTHY.
Dear Lady Disdain.
Waterdale Neighbours.
My Enemy’s Daughter.
A Fair Saxon.
Linley Rochford.
Miss Misanthrope.
Camiola.
Donna Quixote.
Maid of Athens.
The Comet of a Season.
The Dictator.
Red Diamonds.
The Riddle Ring.

By HUGH MACCOLL.
Mr. Stranger’s Sealed Packet.

By GEORGE MACDONALD.
Heather and Snow.

By AGNES MACDONELL.
Quaker Cousins.

By KATHARINE S. MACQUOID.
The Evil Eye.
Lost Rose.

By W. H. MALLOCK.
A Romance of the Nineteenth Century.
The New Republic.

By J. MASTERMAN.
Half-a-dozen Daughters.

By BRANDER MATTHEWS.
A Secret of the Sea.

By L. T. MEADE.
A Soldier of Fortune.
 By LEONARD MERRICK.
The Man who was Good.

By JEAN MIDDLEMASS.
Touch and Go.
Mr. Dorillion.

By Mrs. MOLESWORTH.
Hathercourt Rectory.

By J. E. MUDDOCK.
Stories Weird and Wonderful.
The Dead Man’s Secret.
From the Bosom of the Deep.

By D. CHRISTIE MURRAY.
A Model Father.
Joseph’s Coat.
Coals of Fire.
Val Strange.
Hearts.
Old Blazer’s Hero.
The Way of the World.
Cynic Fortune.
A Life’s Atonement.
By the Gate of the Sea.
A Bit of Human Nature.
First Person Singular.
Bob Martin’s Little Girl.
Time’s Revenges.
A Wasted Crime.
In Direst Peril.
Mount Despair.
A Capful o’ Nails.

By MURRAY and HERMAN.

One Traveller Returns.
Paul Jones’s Alias.
The Bishops’ Bible.

By HENRY MURRAY.
A Game of Bluff.
A Song of Sixpence.

By HUME NISBET.
‘Bail Up!’
Dr. Bernard St. Vincent.

By W. E. NORRIS.
Saint Ann’s.
Billy Bellew.

By ALICE O’HANLON.
The Unforeseen.
Chance? or Fate?

By GEORGES OHNET.
Dr. Rameau.
A Last Love.
A Weird Gift.

By Mrs. OLIPHANT.
Whiteladies.
The Primrose Path.
The Greatest Heiress in England.
 By Mrs. ROBERT O’REILLY.
Phœbe’s Fortunes.

By OUIDA.
Held in Bondage.
Strathmore.
Chandos.
Idalia.
Under Two Flags.
Cecil Castlemaine’s Gage.
Tricotrin.
Puck.
Folle Farine.
A Dog of Flanders.
Pascarel.
Signa.
Princess Napraxine.
In a Winter City.
Ariadne.
Friendship.
Two Lit. Wooden Shoes.
Moths.
Bimbi.
Pipistrello.
A Village Commune.
Wanda.
Othmar.
Frescoes.
In Maremma.
Guilderoy.
Ruffino.
Syrlin.
Santa Barbara.
Two Offenders.
Ouida’s Wisdom, Wit, and Pathos.

By MARGARET AGNES PAUL.

Gentle and Simple.

By EDGAR A. POE.
The Mystery of Marie Roget.

By Mrs. CAMPBELL PRAED.

The Romance of a Station.
The Soul of Countess Adrian.
Outlaw and Lawmaker.
Christina Chard.
Mrs. Tregaskiss.

By E. C. PRICE.
Valentina.
The Foreigners.
Mrs. Lancaster’s Rival.
Gerald.

By RICHARD PRYCE.
Miss Maxwell’s Affections.

By JAMES PAYN.
Bentinck’s Tutor.
Murphy’s Master.
A County Family.
At Her Mercy.