5G New Radio Beyond Release 15

5G NEW RADIO LEARNING TO FLY?

NON-TERRESTRIAL NETWORKS

Reiner Stuhlfauth
Technology Manager Wireless
May 2022
The ongoing evolution of 5G

NON-TERRESTRIAL NETWORKS
NON-TERRESTRIAL NETWORKS IN ONE SLIDE

Rohde & Schwarz 5G learning to fly? Non-terrestrial networks

5G-NTN TWO FACETS: NR-NTN AND IoT-NTN

NR-NTN: enabling 5G
connectivity via
satellites

IoT-NTN: enabling IoT

connectivity via
satellites

Rohde & Schwarz 5G learning to fly? Non-terrestrial networks

 5G NTN introduction
5G NTN USE CASES - EXAMPLES
Mobile satellite
Fixed satellite services (MSS)
services (FSS)

Broadcast satellite
services (BSS)

Overlay + traffic offload Network resilience & emergency Network resilience Aeronautical
Hot spot on demand Fixed wireless access Backhaul Maritime
Network resilience and emergency Wide area connectivity PPDR & emergency Remote hot spots
Fixed wireless access Public protection disaster relief Wide area connectivity PPDR & emergency
(PPDR)

Rural Remote Isolated

Urban
Rohde & Schwarz 5G learning to fly? Non-terrestrial networks
NTN – SPECTRUM IN FR1
1920 1980 2010 2110 2170 2200 Freqency in MHz
3GPP LTE 1 / NR n1 Downlink
(terrestrial) LTE 65 / NR n65

ITU ITU B1
(terrestrial + satellite) ITU B6

3GPP, first NTN NTN band # Uplink Downlink Duplex

bands for S and L- n256 1980 – 2010 MHz 2170 – 2200 MHz FDD
band
n255 1626.5 – 1660.5 MHz 1525 – 1559 MHz FDD
NTN band # SCS (kHz) 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz
3GPP, 15 Yes Yes Yes Yes
bandwidth and 256 30 Yes Yes Yes
subcarrier 60 Yes Yes Yes
spacing for NTN
15 Yes Yes Yes Yes
bands + #RB
255 30 Yes Yes Yes
60 N/A Yes Yes Yes

#RB #RB #RB #RB

15 25 52 79 106
Max. transmission
bandwidth 30 11 24 38 51
configuration 5G learning to fly? Non-terrestrial networks
Rohde & Schwarz 60 N/A 11 18 24
 5G NTN constellations

NTN: CONSTELLATION
Platform Altitude Orbit Beam footprint

GEO 35786 km Position fixed in elevation/azimuth to a given 200-3500 km

Earth point
GEO LEO 300-1500 km Circular arount the Earth. Not stationary to a 100 – 1000 km
given Earth point

T2 10:15 T1 10:00 T2 10:15 T1 10:00

MEO
LEO

Steerable beams: Fixed with Fixed beams: Moving with

respect to Earth‘s surface respect to Earth‘s surface

Rohde & Schwarz 5G learning to fly? Non-terrestrial networks

 NON TERRESTRIAL TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES, SUMMARY
Doppler shift due to UE or gNB mobility => use location/orbit info to compensate Doppler

Long delay:
no perfect
channel info (CSI)
Free space path loss => compensation: beamforming + TX power
UL beam adjustment Delay, e.g. RTT for GEO satellites ~544ms
=> Counter with timing advance strategies + protocol adaptations

Carrier frequency offset, phase noise?

Δt Δt
mobility

Large cell sizes: RTT delay spread

Rohde & Schwarz 5G learning to fly? Non-terrestrial networks
5G NTN architecture

NTN: TRANSPARENT PAYLOAD ARCHITECTURE

Spaceborne
station
(satellite)

Serving link Feeder link

Transparent
repetition
FDD
Transparent repeat 3GPP
3GPP 3GPP
NR Uu NG N6
interface interface interface

NTN gNB Data network

gateway 5GC
UE
Rohde & Schwarz 5G learning to fly? Non-terrestrial networks
5G NTN RF challenges

NTN: RTT ASPECTS – PERSPECTIVE SATELLITE

Rohde & Schwarz 5G learning to fly? Non-terrestrial networks

5G NTN RF challenges

NTN: RTT ASPECTS – PERSPECTIVE UE RTTmax

RTTmin

Elevationegress Elevationnadir Elevationingress

RTTnadir = two way latency

at shortest distance,
corresponds to RTTmin

Elevation angle

Rohde & Schwarz 5G learning to fly? Non-terrestrial networks

 5G NTN RF challenges

NTN: DOPPLER RATE +Dopplermax

GNSS optionally Dopplermin

used by LEO for
orbit control
-Dopplermax

Elevationexit Elevationnadir Elevationinit

՜
𝑣0

՜
𝑣 max _𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔

SIB with
Ephemeris
՜ GNSS used by UE info
𝑣 max _𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔
for Earth position
determination Elevation α horizon
Pre-configured
Ephemeris info
Rohde & Schwarz 5G learning to fly? Non-terrestrial networks
 5G NTN procedures

5G NTN MOBILITY SCENARIOS

Cell selection / Intra-satellite / inter- Inter-satellite NTN - terrestrial

cell re-selection beam handover handover/ inter- handover / dual
satellite dual connectivity
NR-NTN connection connectivity (DC)
Future or dual connectivity NR-NTN connection
Future or dual connectivity terrestrial connection
Rohde & Schwarz 5G learning to fly? Non-terrestrial networks
FIGURE 58
RSRP HO trigger
RSRP
based on RSRP
change NTN: Only
marginal RSRP
change
time time

Terrestrial network handover NTN handover (inter-SAN)

CHO request

Reference
location

Conditional handover (CHO): Network configures UE with triggering conditions. E.g. distance
between UE and reference location
Rohde & Schwarz 5G learning to fly? Non-terrestrial networks
 NTN: PROTOCOL STACK
PDU
NTN specific applications?
Cross country border coverage, NR NAS
Earth fixed timing advance, RAN
TCP/UDP IP
type signaling
Mobility, reporting, link control, NR RRC
Ephemeris info, RRM adaptations NR SDAP
QoS flow => new QoS profiles

NR PDCP
Security, in-sequence data &
duplication => timer adaptations
NR RLC
AM, UM, TM
=> Timer adaptations
NR MAC
HARQ, timing advance, SR +
BSR reporting, RACH
NR PHY
Link budget, delay, Doppler,
polarization, beamforming,
OFDMA
Rohde & Schwarz 5G learning to fly? Non-terrestrial networks
NTN: CONVERGENCE OF ECOSYSTEMS + OUTLOOK

Rohde & Schwarz 5G learning to fly? Non-terrestrial networks

 “If you want to go fast, go alone.
If you want to go far, go together!”
African proverb

www.rohde-schwarz.com/5G

Rohde & Schwarz 5G learning to fly? Non-terrestrial networks

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES AND WHITEPAPER RELATED TO THE
CONTENT OF TODAY’S PRESENTATIONS:
5G technology book oline version 5G Voice over New
Radio (VoNR) | Rohde &
(>1000 pages on 5G technology): Schwarz (rohde-
www.rohde-schwarz.com/5G schwarz.com)

5G Non-terrestrial
Networks | 5G in
Technology Automotive | White paper:
Update | Rohde & Rohde & Positioning in 5G NR
Schwarz (rohde- Schwarz | Rohde & Schwarz
schwarz.com) (rohde- (rohde-schwarz.com)
schwarz.com)

Additional Resources
• Worldwide Spectrum Allocation Poster (2020)
• Free "Demystifying 5G NR" poster | Rohde & Schwarz (rohde-
schwarz.com)
Rohde & Schwarz 5G learning to fly? Non-terrestrial networks