Department of Mathematics

Faculty of Engineering
University of Moratuwa

MA1014 | Mathematics
Tutorial 1
Algebra

1.
a. Find a vector of magnitude 11 in the direction opposite to that of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
PQ, where P and Q are the
points (1, 3, 2) and (–1, 0, 8), respectively.
b. Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining the two points P and Q with
position vectors ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
OP = 2a + b and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
OQ = a − 2b respectively, in the ratio 1:2,
i. Internally
ii. Externally

2.
a. Find the direction cosines of a vector whose direction ratios are 2:3: -6.
b. Can a vector have direction angles 30° , 45° , 60° ?
c. Find the direction cosines of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AB, where A is (2,3,1) and B is (3, -1,2).

3. ABCDEF is a regular hexagon with centre O.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
OA = a & ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
OB = b
M is the midpoint of BC. X is the point on AB extended, such that AB: BX=3:2. Prove that E, M and X
are on the same straight line.

4. If the points (-1, -1,2), (2, m, 5) and (3, 11, 6) are collinear, find the value of m.

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 ̃ = 〈3,4〉 and W
5. Suppose A ̃ = 〈−2,3〉.
a. Represent A ̃ and W
̃ as line segments beginning at the point (0, 0).
̃
b. Represent A and W ̃ as line segments beginning at the point (2, –4).
c. If à and W̃ begin at the point (p, q), then at which points do they end?
d. What are the slopes of the line segments representing vectors?
e. Find a vector whose line segment representation is perpendicular to A ̃.
f. Find a vector whose line segment representation is perpendicular to W ̃.

Real Analysis

1. Verify the following statements.

a. ~(~a) ≡ a
b. ~(a ∨ b) ≡ ~a ∧ ~b
c. ~(a ∧ b) ≡ ~a ∨ ~b
d. (a ∧ b) → a ≡ T
e. a → (a ∨ b) ≡ T
f. a → b ≡ ~a ∨ b ≡ ~b → ~a
g. (a → b) ∧ (b → a) ≡ a ↔ b
h. State the Boolean Algebra versions of the above.

2. Prove the following logical equivalences

a. ~∀xP(x) ≡ ∃x~P(x)
b. ~∃xP(x) ≡ ∀x~P(x)
c. ∃x∃yP(x, y) ≡ ∃y∃xP(x, y)
d. ∀x∀yP(x, y) ≡ ∀y∀xP(x, y)
e. ∃x∀yP(x, y) ⟹ ∀y∃xP(x, y)

3. Verify the following statements which are based on set theories.

a. (A ∪ B)c = Ac ∩ Bc
b. (A ∩ B)c = Ac ∪ Bc
c. A ⊂ (A ∪ B)
d. (A ∩ B) ⊂ A
e. Identify the following axiom in ZFC: ∀x∀y(∀z(z ∈ (x ∧ z) ∈ y) ⟹ x = y).
f. Not every collection of objects is a set. Explain the problems with A = {x|x ∉ x}.

Ordinary Differential Equations and Riemann Integration

1. Determine if the following equations are ordinary differential equations or partial differential equations.
dy
a. + xy 2 = 0
dx
∂2 u ∂2 u
b. + ∂y2 = 0
∂x2
d2 y dy
c. t 2 dt2 + t dt + 2y =sin sin t
d. uxx + uyy + uux + uuy + u = 0

2. Determine the order and the degree of the following differential equations.
dy
a. + xy 2 = 0
dx
∂2 u ∂2 u
b. + ∂y2 = 0
∂x2

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 d2 y dy
c. t 2 dt2 + t dt + 2y =sin sin t
d2 y dy
d. = √1 + ( )2
dx2 dx

dy d y 2 4
e. √1 + (dx) = y dx4
dy d2 y
f. sin sin (dx) + dx2
+ 3x =0
d2 y
dy
g. e dx2 +sin sin x dx = 1
dy d3 y
h. sin sin (dx) dx3
−log log (y) = x2

3. Determine whether the following differential equations are linear differential equations or nonlinear
differential equations.
dy
a. + xy 2 = 0
dx
∂2 u ∂2 u
b. + ∂y2 = 0
∂x2
d2 y dy
c. t 2 dt2 + t dt + 2y =sin sin t
d2 y dy
d. = √1 + ( )2
dx2 dx
e. uxx + uyy + uux + uuy + u = 0
f. y′′′ + ty′+(cos2 t)y = t 3

4. Show that
a. x = te−2t is a solution to 𝑥 ′′ + 4𝑥 ′ + 4𝑥 = 0.
b. x = te−2t is not a solution to 𝑥′′′ − 12𝑥 ′′ + 48𝑥 ′ − 64𝑥 = 0.

5. The number of bacterial cells N on a laboratory dish is increasing, so that the hourly rate of increase is 5
times the number of the bacteria present at that time. Initially 100 bacteria were placed on the dish.
a. Form a suitable differential equation to model this problem.
b. Determine the order, degree and state whether the above differential equation is linear or not?
c. What is the dependent variable and independent variable in your model

6. Water is leaking out of a tank from a tap which is located 5 cm from the bottom of the tank. The height
of the water, h cm, is decreasing at a rate proportional to square root of the difference of the height of the
water and the height of the tap.
d. Model this problem with a differential equation involving h, the time t in minutes and a suitable
proportionality constant.
The initial height of the water in the tank is 230 cm and 5 minutes later it has dropped to 105 cm.
e. Determine the order, degree and state whether the above differential equation is linear or not?

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-End of the Tutorial-

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