Name: John Andrew B.

Cruz
Activity: Exercise 1 - Research Problem Formulation – Worksheet 1

Research Topic:

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Change (LULCC) and
Surface Urban Heat Islands (SUHI) in Quezon City from 2011 - 2021

Research Question:

How did the land cover and land use change (LCLUC) in Quezon City from 2011
to 2021 affect the extent and intensity of surface urban heat islands (UHI) within
the city?

Topic Outline of Literature Review:

I. Introduction

A. Significance of the research topic to land use planning

B. Scope and limitations of the literature review
C. Key topics discussed in the literature review

II. Background on Urban Heat Islands (UHI)

A. Definition of UHI
B. Types of UHI
1. Surface UHI
2. Atmospheric UHI
C. Causes of UHI
1. Increase in Population Density
2. Thermal Properties of Building Materials
3. Decrease in Vegetation Cover
4. Anthropogenic Heat Sources
5. Urban Geometry and Design
6. Skyview Factor
D. Impacts of UHI
1. Increase in Energy Consumption
 2. Increase in Water Consumption
3. Deteriorating Air Quality
4. Compromised Health and Comfort

III. Background on Land Cover and Land Use Change (LCLUC)

A. Definition of Land Cover

B. Definition of Land Use
C. Causes of LULCC
1. Climate Change
2. Hazards
3. Population Pressure
4. Technology
5. Political Economy and Structure
6. Attitudes and Values
D. Impacts of LCLUC
1. Land Degradation
2. Biodiversity Loss
3. Ecosystem Services Recession
4. Weather and Climate Variability

IV. Previous Studies Relating Surface UHI and LCLUC

A. Spatiotemporal Multi-satellite Biophysical Data Analysis of the

Effect of Urbanization on Land Surface and Air Temperature in
Baguio City, Philippines (Baloloy et al., 2019)
1. Research Question/Objective
2. Methods
a. Built-up Extent Mapping
b. Land Surface Temperature (LST) Retrieval
c. Correlation Analysis between Built-up Extent and LST
d. LST Hotspots Detection and Mapping
3. Findings
a. Relationship Between LST and Built-up Extent
b. Spatiotemporal Variation of LST Hotspot Extent
c. Location of Main LST Hotspots
B. Spatial Variation of Land Use/Cover Composition and Impact on
Surface Urban Heat Island in a Tropical Sub-Saharan City of Accra,
Ghana (Athukorala and Murayama, 2020)
1. Research Question/Objective
 2. Methods
a. LCLUC Mapping
b. LST Retrieval
c. Urban-Rural Gradient Analysis
d. Multiresolution Grid-Based Analysis
e. Landscape Metrics-Based Analysis
3. Findings
a. Spatiotemporal Variation in LCLUC and LST
b. Impacts of Urbanization
c. LST Pattern Along the Urban-Rural Gradient
d. Effect of Land Cover Features on LST
C. Impact of Spatiotemporal Land-use and Land-cover changes on
Surface Urban Heat Islands in a Semiarid Region using Landsat
Data (Kamali Maskooni et al., 2020)
1. Research Question/Objective
2. Methods
a. LCLUC Mapping
b. LST Retrieval
c. Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) Retrieval
d. LST and LCLUC Change Detection
e. UHI Ratio Index Retrieval
3. Findings
a. Changes in LCLUC Patterns between 1998 and 2013
b. Relationship between LST and LCLUC
c. Relationship between LST and NDBI
d. Relationship between Population Increase and LST
e. Spatiotemporal Variation in UHI Ratio Index
D. Impact of Urbanization on Urban Heat Island Intensity in Major
Districts of Bangladesh Using Remote Sensing and Geo-Spatial
Tools (Rahman et al., 2022)
1. Research Question/Objective
2. Methods
a. LCLUC Mapping
b. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Retrieval
c. LST Retrieval
d. UHI Intensity Estimation
3. Findings
a. Spatiotemporal Variation of LCLUC, NDVI, and LST
b. Spatiotemporal Variation of LST Hotspots
c. Assessment of UHI Intensity per District
 V. Background on the Study Area

A. Geographic Location
B. Socio-economic Profile
C. Climate Information
D. Existing Land Use Plan

VI. Conclusion

A. Evaluation of the reviewed literature

B. Gaps/limitations of the reviewed literature
C. Next steps to address the weaknesses and gaps of reviewed
literature

References*:

Athukorala, D., & Murayama, Y. (2020). Spatial variation of land use/cover

composition and impact on surface urban heat island in a tropical sub-
saharan city of Accra, Ghana. Sustainability, 12(19), 7953.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197953

Baloloy, A., Sta. Ana, R. R., Cruz, J. A., Blanco, A. C., Lubrica, N. V., Valdez, C.
J., & Cajucom, E. P. (2019). Spatiotemporal multi-satellite biophysical data
analysis of the effect of urbanization on land surface and air temperature in
Baguio City, Philippines. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry,
Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-4/W19, 47–54.
https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w19-47-2019

Kamali Maskooni, E., Hashemi, H., Berndtsson, R., Daneshkar Arasteh, P., &
Kazemi, M. (2020). Impact of spatiotemporal land-use and land-cover
changes on surface urban heat islands in a semiarid region using landsat
data. International Journal of Digital Earth, 14(2), 250–270.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2020.1813210

O’Malley, C., Piroozfarb, P. A. E., Farr, E. R. P., & Gates, J. (2014). An

investigation into minimizing Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects: A UK
perspective. Energy Procedia, 62, 72–80.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.368

Rahman, M. N., Rony, M. R., Jannat, F. A., Chandra Pal, S., Islam, M. S., Alam,
E., & Islam, A. R. (2022). Impact of urbanization on urban heat island
intensity in major districts of Bangladesh using remote sensing and geo-
spatial tools. Climate, 10(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10010003
Rimal, B., Sharma, R., Kunwar, R., Keshtkar, H., Stork, N. E., Rijal, S., Rahman,
S. A., & Baral, H. (2019). Effects of land use and land cover change on
ecosystem services in the Koshi River Basin, eastern Nepal. Ecosystem
Services, 38, 100963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100963

Turner, B. L., R. H. Moss, & Skole D. L. (1993). Relating land use and global
land-cover change: A proposal for an IGBP-HDP core project. Report from
the IGBP-HDP Working Group on Land-Use/Land-Cover Change. Joint
publication of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (Report
No. 24) and the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change
Programme (Report No. 5). Stockholm: Royal Swedish Academy of
Sciences.

Wang, Z., Wang, Z., Zhang, B., Lu, C., & Ren, C. (2015). Impact of land use/land
cover changes on ecosystem services in the Nenjiang River basin,
Northeast China. Ecological Processes, 4(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-015-0036-y

*Citations should follow the APA format style: read

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/