0 Information Sheet o

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INFORMATION SHEET O
INTRODUCTION TO NURSING PROFESSION
A. Nursing
A. Latin word NUTRIX - “to nourish.”

B. “The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assists him in his/her
recovery” - Florence Nightingale.
C. “The unique function of the nurse is to assists the individual, sick or well, in the
performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to
peaceful death) that he will perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will
or knowledge, and to this in such a way as to help him gain independence as
rapidly as possible” - Henderson
1. It is also viewed as an art, a science and a social science.
A. Art deals with skill that requires dexterity and proficiency.

B. Science it is a systematic and well defined body of knowledge which utilizes
scientific measures and procedures, and applies nursing processes, or uses
nursing care plans in caring, diagnosing and treating human responses to actual or
potential health problems.
C. Social Science because its primordial interest is man, whether well or sick, within
the context of his life and environment
B. NURSING AS A PROFESSION
1. Profession
A. Has been defined as an

occupation that requires
extensive education or a calling
that requires special knowledge,
skills and preparation.
B. A profession is an organization of
an occupational group based on
the application of special
knowledge which establishes its
own rules and standards for the
protection of the public and the
professionals.
C. A profession implies that the
quality of work done by its
members is of greater importance
in its own eyes and the society
than the economic rewards they
earn.
D. A profession serves all of society
and not the specific interest of a
group.
E. The aim of a profession is
altruistic rather than materialistic.
SULTAN KUDARAT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION,INC

Course: Theoretical Foundation in Nursing BSN 1 2023-2024
Professor: RITZELLE ECIJA-EUGENIO,RN, RM, LPT, MAN, MHCA, CHRP, PhD
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2. Criteria of a Profession:
A. Specialized education
B. Service Orientation
C. On-going research
D. A code of ethics
E. Autonomy
F. A professional organization
G. Body of Knowledge
3. A Professional Nurse
a. Is a person who has completed a basic nursing education program and is licensed
in his/her country or state to practice professional nursing? Philippine Nursing Act
of 1991 (RA 7164) has been repealed by the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 (R.A.
9173) known as the Nursing Law.
3. Professional Qualities of a Nurse:
A. Interest and willingness to work and learn with individuals/groups in a variety of

setting.
B. A warm personality and concern for people.
C. Resourcefulness and creativity as well as well-balanced emotional condition
D. Capacity and ability to work cooperatively with others
E. Initiative to improve self and service
F. Competence in performing work through the use of nursing process
G. Skill in decision-making, communicating and relating with others and being
research oriented
H. Active participation in issues confronting nurses and nursing.
4. Personal Qualities of a Nurse:
a. Good Personality
Consists of the distinctive individual qualities that

differentiate one person from the other.
It refers to the impression one makes on others
which will include more than that which meets the eyes.
It consists of deeper traits which come from the
heart and which infiltrate the real person if one wishes
to exert a magnetic influence on others.
It is a result of integrating one’s abilities, desires,
impulses, habits and physical character into a
harmonious whole.

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b. Components of Good Personality:
I. Personal Appearance
II. Character
III. Attitude
IV. Charm
I. Personal Appearance:
a. Self-respect is the basis upon which personal appearance is established.
b. Components:
• Posture – it refers to the habitual or assumed position of your body in

standing, positioning, sitting or moving about.
• It presents some clues to your personality.
• Grooming – Hair is the “crowning “glory of your face. It should be neat,

clean and well arranged. It also includes personal hygiene and cleanliness.
• Dress and Uniform (with cap) – just as self respect is evident in good
posture and personal hygiene, so as it reflected in the care you exercise
with regards to dressing.
➢ Items comprising the uniform should be spotlessly clean, well

fitting and in good repair.
➢ Shoes and hosiery worn with the uniform should provide for
maximum comfort.
➢ Uniform designated for use in a given hospital area is worn only

in the line of duty and not to be worn outside specified
department.
➢ Modification of any authorized uniform to suit individual

preference is not permitted by the dictates of both good taste and
integrity.
II. Character:
a. It refers to the moral values and beliefs that are used as guide to personal behavior
and actions.
b. It is what a person is inside.
c. It is the development in proportion to emotional and intellectual growth and

involves the degree to which you understand, direct and channel your feelings.
d. The practice of Nursing utilizes ones love for fellowman. Charity is the greatest
virtue and serves as the foundation for a sense of values and the development of
human character.

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e. 4 Virtues emanating from the practice of Charity:
• Justice – quality of being righteous, correct, fair and impartial
• Prudence – permits to live with good sense and perspective. Guides one’s
choice of action here and now.
• Fortitude – assist in the control of feelings, thought and emotions in the

face of difficulty.
• Temperance – encourages constructive use of the pleasure of the senses
III. Attitude
a. A manner of acting, thinking or feeling that is indicated by one’s response toward

another person, situation or experience.
b. Personality is shaped by one’s attitudes.
c. It develops from awareness of oneself in relation to individuals and situation.
IV. Charm
a. To influences the senses or the mind by some quality or attraction; delight
b. Innate in one who has a depth of feeling and an outgoing manner
c. May be cultivated by a desire to serve and a deep love for fellow human beings.
d. To acquire charm, cultivate the following:
• Voice – modulated with clear enunciation
• Manner – courteous, attentive, patient, receptive
• Heart - attempt never to show indifference or a callused manner. Emphatic,

understanding and tolerant. Remembers to say “thank you “as this works
miracles in social harmony.
• Intelligence – keep an active mind, recognize beauty, accept new ideas

from others, read and exchange opinions with others.
• Poise – equanimity, calmness, and composure (face reality, avoid emotional

flare-ups), evenness of temper, self control (think before acting, avoid
verbal and physical aggressiveness
C. HISTORY OF NURSING
1. Factors that affect and influenced Nursing History:
a. Women’s Roles and Status
b. Traditional roles of mother, wife, daughter, sister
c. Subservient and dependent role
d. Nursing roots is in “the home”

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e. Traditional nursing role entails humanistic caring, nurturing, comforting and supporting.
2. Religion
a. Christian value of “love thy neighbor as thyself”
b. Parable of Good Samaritan
c. Converted Christians used their wealth to provide house of healing (forerunner of

hospitals)
d. Crusades and deaconess group provided nursing care to the sick and injured
comrades.
e. Early religious values, such as self-denial, spiritual calling and devotion to duty
and hard work have dominated nursing throughout its history.
5. War
a. Crimean War
(1854-1856) –
Nightingale and her
nurses provided care
to the sick and injured.
b. American Civil War (1861-1865) - Notable nurses during this period were:
• Harriet Tubman – Moses of her People
• Sojourner Truth
• Claire Burton
• Dorothy Dix - The Union’s Superintendent of Female nurses
c. World War I - American, British and French volunteered their services
d. World War II
• Cadet Nurse Corps. was established to address the acute shortage of

caregiver
• “Practical nurses” aides and technician provided much of the actual

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nursing care.
e. Vietnam War
• 90% of military women were newly graduate nurses - this made the
youngest group medical personnel ever to serve in the war time.
4. Societal Attitudes towards the Nursing Profession
a. 1800’s
• Woman’s place was in the house and no respectable woman should have a
career.
• Nurses during this period were poorly educated,
• Negative attitude toward nurses up to the contemporary time due to a

literary portrayal of “Sairy Gamp”, a nurse who “cared” for the sick by
neglecting and physically abusing them.
b. Later 19th Century
• Image of Angel of Mercy or Guardian Angel because of the work of

Florence Nightingale
• Doctor’s handmaid
• Heroin portrayal evolved from nurses act of bravery in WW1
• Other images in the late 1900s include the nurse as sex objects, surrogate
mothers, tyrannical mothers
c. 1990s up to present
• efforts have been done to improve the image of nurses
D. NURSING LEADERS

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1. 19th Century
a. Florence Nightingale (1820-1910)
• Lady with the Lamp
b. First scientist-theorist for her work “Notes on

Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not”

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c. Clara Burton (1812-1912)
• Established the American Red Cross

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d. Linda Richards (1841-1930)
• America’s first trained nurse
• Introduced nurses’ notes and doctor’s orders
• Initiated the practice of nurses wearing uniform
• Pioneered work in psychiatric and industrial nursing
e. Mary Mahoney (1845-!926)
• The Founder
f. Lilian Wald (1867-1940)
• Founder of Public Health Nursing

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2. 20th Century
a. Lavinia L. Dock (1858-1956)
• Active in the protest movement for

women’s right that resulted in allowing
women to vote
b. Mary Breckinridge
(1881-1965)
• Established the Frontier

Nursing Service – To
provide family centered
primary health care to
rural population.

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HISTORICAL EVOLUTION and SOCIETAL INFLUENCES OF PROFESSIONAL

NURSING
Periods of Nursing
1. ANCIENT HISTORY Historical Evolution of Nursing

I. Period of intuitive nursing →
a. Belief that diseases are caused by Medieval period (Pre-historic –
supernatural causes, temples became the early Christian era)
center of medical care
i. Nursing was untaught and instinctive
b. Performed pummeling, a form of massage ii. Nursing care
and to expose a person to strong odors 1. Out of compassion
and smoke 2. Desire to help
3. Out of a wish to do well
c. Early – maternal child nursing was the iii. Nurse by instinct
responsibility of midwives and wet nurses 1. Stages of labor
1. Panting
were hired to breast feed babies.
2. Breaking
d. Priests were responsible for Healing 3. Drying
4. Nursing
practice.
iv. A function that belonged to women
o The East (Hindus) v. Based on experience and observation
▪ The early nurses were primarily men vi. Techniques
▪ Nursing was view as a sacred service 1. White magic, hypnosis, charms,
that only the purist may take part dances
▪ Hygiene → Health a. Incantation, purgatives,
▪ 4 Qualifications to be a nurse massage, fire, water, herbs
1. Knowledge of drug preparation 2. Trephining – drilling a hole in the
2. Cleverness of decision skull to drive out spirits
3. Devotion to patients
4. Purity of body and mind
o China
▪ Yin Yang (Balance of energy)
• Yin → soft, passive, negative
• Yang → hard, active, positive
▪ Imbalance of energy causes all illness
▪ Followed guidelines of traditional
Chinese medicine
▪ Defined health as a balance
▪ Hot soup is a must
• Believed when a child was born, the
heat lost due to child leaving the body
needed to be replenished
▪ Since before 2000 BC performed in The reformation
order to increase health and cure 1.Dispersion of religious orders
illness: 2.Serious deuteriation in nursing care
• Dissection 3.Women viewed as subordinates
• Acupuncture The renounce
• Prescribed herbal remedies 1.A rise in the need to advance nursing
• Bloodletting profession
o The practice of driving or draining the 2.Delayed by poverty
evil spirits out from the body.

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o Egypt
▪ Two major branches
• Theurgic magic
o Both white and black magic
• Natural cures
▪ Better remedies (Ebers of Papyrus)
• Therapies outlined from
o Plants
o Minerals
o Animals
o Decoration
o Tablets
o Pills
o Injections
o Infusion
▪ Dying persons were placed on the streets
so the passersby could give advice
▪ Discovered that the most effective means
against the common cold was mothers
breast feeding their young
o Babylonia
▪ Showed great interest in astrology
▪ Viewed illness as punishment for
displeasing or sinning against the
gods
▪ Hammurabi code – 1900 BC
• Among other things gave
instructions to have the hands of
a surgeon amputated in the event
of an unsuccessful surgery

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o Assyria
▪ Believed in the good and evil spirit for
the human conditions
▪ Their medieval practices centers in the
sacred rites for evil spirits or
punishment for sins
o Persia
▪ Three types of physicians
• One using only a knife (surgeon)
• Exorcism and incantations
• Using plants
o Palestine
▪ Resorted to natural cures and rejected
magical therapies
▪ Food inspection
▪ Tree preservation
▪ Infectious quarantine
▪ Fumigation
▪ Visiting the sick is an act of charity
o Greece
▪ Devine myth
• Several gods responsible for
medical needs
▪ Xenodochion
• Housed the sick, poor and stranger
▪ Iotrions
• Surgery and dispensaries
▪ Abaton
• Temple and housed the sick

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▪ The terminally ill were left on the

streets to die
▪ Hippocrates -Father of Medicine
• Outlined the role of physicians
• Sets the standards for bathing and
bandages
• Viewed nurses as co-workers
o Rome
▪ Believed that lost health could only be
restored with good will and peace to
the god (Apollo)
▪ Wounded soldiers were brought into
private homes or tents and cared for by
older men or women with an
irreproachable reputation (prostitutes)
▪ Built public health infrastructure
• Sewage
• Cemeteries
• Etc.…
▪ Slaves played a role in the
advancement of knowledge
o Germany
▪ Highly regarded women
▪ Possessed great knowledge and skill in
medicine and surgery
o Northern Europe
▪ White magic
• Use medicinal plants with
remedial qualities
▪ Black magic
• Use magic as a healing method
2. EARLY CHRISTIAN ERA II. PERIOD OF APPRENTICE

NURSING → MIDDLE AGES (11TH
a. Religious influence raised the social CEN – 1836)
position of nursing by placing more i. Care was done by:
1. Crusaders
value on human life
2. Prisoners
b. Deacon and Deaconess were 3. Religious orders
ii. On the job training
designated to perform services to the 1. Developed by the religious orders
sick iii. Nursing went down the lowest level
iv. Religious orders
c. 380AD - Fabiola, established the first 1. Knights of St. John o Jerusalem
hospital in the Rome. 2. The Teutonic Knights
3. Knights Templars
MIDDLE AGES 4. Knights of St. Lazarus
v. Wrath of Protestantism (the Dark
a. The crusades resulted in the
Period of Nursing)
establishment of military nursing
orders and recruitment of men

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into nursing. 1. the Dark Period of Nursing

Women not allowed to get an
b. Church dictated the scope of education
nursing and viewed spiritual 2. Nurses fled for their lives creating
needs as the priority of care. a nursing shortage
3. Nursing became the work of the
3. RENAISSANCE ERA least desirable women
a. Prostitutes
a. Sound educational preparation of b. Alcoholics
nursing contributed to the perfection c. Prisoners
for the advancement.
4. REFORMATION ERA
a. The role of women changed

dramatically during this period.
b. Women were named as subordinates

thus decreasing the number of
qualified women practicing nursing.
5. NURSING IN THE 18th CENTURY
a. Revolution and epidemics resulted in

the expansion of nursing roles in the
US.
b. Nursing was prevalent in the hospital

but working conditions were poor,
resulting in loss of social status for the
members of the profession (inferior
undesirable occupation).
6. NURSING IN THE 19TH CENTURY III. PERIOD OF EDUCATED →

NIGHTINGALE ERA (19TH – 20TH
a. Society’s attitude about nursing is CEN)
negative and seriously damage the
professions image(Low Moral i. The development of nursing was
Standard). strongly influenced by war
1. American civil war
b. Continued emphasis was placed on the 2. Crimean war
need for proper preparation of nurses. a.Arousal of social consciences
b. Increased educational
c. Hospital based school of nursing under opportunities offered to women
medical supervision emerged. c. Florence Nightingale
Recruited female nurses at
d. 1869- American Medical Association the request of Sir Sidney
developed the training of nurses. Herbert
Started the Nightingale
e. Public Health Nursing Service was Training School
established. • Served as the model for
other training schools
7. NURSING IN THE 20TH CENTURY

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a. Military influenced nursing education IV. PERIOD OF CONTEMPORARY

NURSING (20TH CEN – CURRENT)
b. 1898 – Volunteer Nursing Corp was
established later became the Nurse i. Licensure of nurses started
Army Corp(1901) ii. Nursing as a science over nursing as
an instinct
c. Professional organization emerge – iii. Specialization of hospital diagnosis
ANA, ICN, NLN, AACN(American iv. Training of nurses
Association of College of Nursing) 1. Diploma – baccalaureate –
advanced degree
d. Journals were developed – American v. Scientific and technological
Journal of Nursing (AJN) was first development
vi. Social changes mark this period
published in 1900. It was the first
vii. Changes that drive development
nursing journal to be owned, operated
and published by nurses ❖ Health is perceived as a fundamental
right
❖ Nursing is involved in community
health
❖ Technological advancement
❖ Expanded roles of nurses
❖ WHO was established by the UN
❖ Aerospace nursing
❖ Use of atomic energies for medical
diagnosis and treatment
❖ Computers were utilized
❖ Use of sophisticated equipment for
diagnosis and treatment
❖ Factors that influence contemporary
nursing
1. Economics
2. Change in lifestyle
3. Consumer demand
4. Changing family structure
5. The nursing shortage
6. Improvised technologies and
treatments
7. Communication
8. Legislation
9. Demography
10. Nursing association
11. The feminists
HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. Early Beliefs and Practices
a. Diseases and their causes and treatment were shrouded with mysticism and
superstitions.
b. Beliefs about causation of disease:
• Another person (an enemy or a witch)

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• Evil spirits
c. People believed that evil spirits could be driven away by persons with powers to
with powers to expel demons
d. People believed in special gods of healing, with the priest-physician) called (world
Doctors) as intermediary. If they used leaves or roots, they were called herb
doctors (“herbolarios”)
e. Early Care of the Sick:
• Herb men were called “Herbicheros” meaning one who practiced

Witchcraft.
• Persons suffering from diseases without any identified cause were believed
to be bewitched by the “mangkukulam” or “mangagaway.”
• Difficult childbirth and some diseases (called “pamano”) were attributed to

“nonos”, midwife assisted in childbirth.
• During labor the mabuting hilot (“good midwife”) was called in, if birth
became difficult witches were supposed to be the cause. To disperse their
influence, gunpowder was exploded from a bamboo cane to the head of the
sufferer.
2. Health Care during the Spanish Regime
a. The religious orders exerted their efforts to care for the sick by building hospitals
in the different parts of the Philippines.
b. The earliest hospitals established were the following:
• Hospital Real de Manila (1577) - established mainly to care for the Spanish
King’s soldiers, but also admitted Spanish civilians: founded by Gov.
Francisco De Sande.
• San Lazaro Hospital (1578) - founded by Brother Juan Clemente and was
administered for many years by the Hospitalliers of San Juan de Dios; built
exclusively for patients with leprosy.
• Hospital de Indio (1586) - established by the Franciscan Order service was

in general supported by alms and contributions from charitable persons.
• Hospital de Aguas Santas (1590) - established in Laguna; near medicinal

spring, founded by Brother J. Bautista of the Franciscan Order.
• San Juan de Dios Hospital (1596) Founded by the Brotherhood of

Misericordia and administered by the Hospitalliers of San Juan de Dios;
support was derived from alms and rents; rendered general health service to
the public.

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3. Nursing during the Philippine Revolution
a. Josephine Bracken - wife

of Jose Rizal. Installed a
field hospital in an estate
house In Tejeros: provided
nursing care to the wounded
night and day
b. Rosa Sevilla de Alvero -

Converted their house into
quarters for the Filipino
soldiers, during the
Philippine-American War
that broke out in 1899.
c. Dona Hilaria de Aguinaldo

- Wife of Emilio Aguinaldo organized the Filipino Red Cross under the inspiration
of Apolinario Mabini.
d. Dona Maria Agoncilla de Aguinaldo. Second-wife of Emilio Aguinaldo provided

nursing care to Filipino soldiers during the revolution. President of the Filipino
Red Cross branch in Batangas.
e. Melchora Aquino (Tanding Sora) - Nursed the wounded Filipino soldiers and
gave them shelter and food.
f. Capitan Salome - revolutionary leader in Nueva Ecija provided nursing care to the
wounded when not in combat.
g. Agueda Kahabagan revolutionary leader in Laguna which also provided services

to her troops.
h. Trinidad Tecson - “Ina ng Biac na Bato” stayed in the hospital at Biac na Bato to
care for the wounded soldiers.
G. Filipino Red Cross
1. Malolos, Bulacan was the location of the national headquarters
2. Established branches in the provinces
3. Functions of Filipino Red Cross:
4. Collection of the war funds and materials through concerts, charity, bazaars and
voluntary contributions
5. Provisions of nursing care to wounded Filipino soldiers.
H. Hospitals and Schools of Nursing
1. Iloilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing (Iloilo City, 1906)

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a. Ran by the Baptist Foreign Mission Society of America
b. Miss Rose Nicolet, graduate of New England Hospital for Women and
Children in Boston, Massachusetts was the first superintendent for nurses. It
moved to its present location in Jaro Road, Iloilo City 1929.
c. Miss Flora Ernst, An American nurse, took charge of the school in 1942.
d. March 1944 - 22 nurses graduated.
e. April 1944 - graduate nurses took the first Nurses Board Examination at the
Iloilo Mission Hospital
2. St Paul’s Hospital School of Nursing (Manila, 1907)
a. The Hospital was established by the Archbishop of Manila, the Most Reverend
Jeremiah Harty under the supervision of the Sisters of St. Paul de Chartres.
b. Located in the Intramuros and it provided general hospital services.
c. 1908- Operated its training school for nurses with Rev. Mother Melanie as
superintendent and Miss E. Chambers as Principal.
3. Philippine General Hospital School of Nursing (1907)
a. 1901 - The Philippine General Hospital as a small dispensary mainly for “Civil
Officers and Employees” in the City Manila. It later grew into Civil Hospital.
b. 1906 - Mrs. Mary Coleman Masters, an educator advocated idea of training

Filipino girls for the profession of Nursing.
c. Opened a dormitory for girls enrolled at the Philippine Normal Hall and the
University of the Philippines.
d. 1907 - Opened classes in the nursing under the auspices of the Bureau of
education.
e. Julia Nichols and Charlotte Clayton taught the students nursing subjects.
American physicians also served as lecturers.
f. 1910, Act No. 1976, modified the organization of the school placing it under
the supervision of the Director of Health. The Civil Hospital was abolished; the
Philippine General Hospital was established.
g. The School became known as the Philippine General Hospital School of

Nursing.
h. Anastacia Giron-Tupas, first Filipino nurse to occupy the position of chief

nurse and superintendent in the Philippines.
4. St. Luke’s Hospital School of Nursing (Quezon City, 1907)
a. 1903 - An Episcopalian Institution began as a small dispensary.
b. 1907- The school opened with three Filipino girls admitted. These girls had
their first year in combined classes with the Philippine General Hospital School

P a g e | 25
of Nursing and St. Paul’s Hospital school of Nursing.
c. Miss Helen Hicks was the first principal.
d. Vitaliana Beltran was the first Filipino superintendent of nurses.
e. Jose Fores was the first Filipino medical director of the hospital.
f. IIn the period of the organization between1907 and 1910 the first year nursing
students of the Philippine General Hospital , St Luke’s Hospital and St. Paul’s
Hospital had a common first year course, this was known as the Central School
Idea in nursing education.
g. The first the three graduates were Candida Goco, Quintana Beley and
Veneranda Sulit.
h. 1911 - Graduated its 1st batch of nurses
i. 1941(December) - World War II broke out and schools were closed.
j. 1943 - Schools were resumed after the Japanese doctors and nurses took over.
k. 1907 - St. Luke’s Hospital then called University Hospital opened training
school for nurses.
l. 1945 - Japanese team left the country, Filipino staff continued the work
m. 1946 - Graduation of the post-war class
n. 1954 - Incorporation of the St. Luke’s Hospital School of Nursing. It began to

have a separate Board of trustees and operated its own budget. It was during
this year when Mrs. Ester A. Santos
o. (Principal of the School at that time proposed that the school look into the
possibility of offering a BSN Program for its nurses.
p. 1956 - BSN proposal was shelved by the Board of Trustees because of

requirements for a collegiate program.
q. 1963 - Purchase of Capitol City College by the Episcopal Church thru Prime
Bishop Ret. Rev. Lyman C. Ogilby. It was renamed Trinity College of Quezon
City
r. 1965 - The 1st class was admitted to take courses under the BSN program of
TCQC SLCN.
s. 1970 - The 1st BSN class who graduated under a 5 Yr. Curriculum.
t. 1975 - School granted special permission to offer a 2 year program. Graduated

later on took a 3 year Diploma Program. Took licensure examination and
became Registered Nurses.
u. 1975 - Accredited by the Philippine Accrediting Association For Schools,

Colleges, and Universities. (PAASCU)
v. 1980 - Graduated the last batch of the 5 year curriculum and started the 1st

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batch of the 4 year curriculum
w. 1984 - New Curriculum with RLE implemented
x. 1988 - 1st graduates of the New BSN curriculum with RLE
I. First Colleges of Nursing in the Philippines
1. University of Santo Tomas College of Nursing (1946)
a. February 11, 1941 - The College began as the UST School of Nursing
Education.
b. The School was unique since it operated as a separate entity from the Santo
Tomas University Hospital.
c. The ideals of Christian charity permeated this course.
d. In 947, the Bureau of Private Schools permitted UST to grant the title of
graduate Nurse to the 21 students who were at the advanced standing.
e. Sor Taciana Trinanes was its first directress
2. Manila Central University College of Nursing (1947)
a. In 1947, offered the BSN course.
b. Miss Consuelo Gimeno was its first principal.
3. University of the Philippines College of Nursing (1948)
a. The idea of opening the college began in conference between Miss Julita
Soteja and the UP President Gonzales.
b. 1948, the University Council approved the curriculum, and the Board of
Regents recognized the profession as having equal standing as medicine, law,
engineering, etc.
c. Miss Julita Sotejo was its first dean.
J. Nursing Leaders in the Philippines
1. Anastacia Giron- Tupas - First Filipino nurse to hold the position of Chief Nurse
Superintendent; founder of the Philippine Nurses Association.
2. Cesaria Tan - First Filipino to receive a Masters degree in nursing abroad.
3. Socorro Sirilan - Pioneered in Hospital Social Service in San Lazaro Hospital

where she was the Chief Nurse.
4. Rosa Militar - pioneer in school health education.
5. Sor Ricarda Mendoza - pioneer in nursing education.
6. Socorro Diaz - First editor of the PNA magazine called “The Message”.

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7. Conchita Ruiz - First full -time editor of the newly named PNA magazine “The
Filipino Nurse.”
8. Loreto Tupaz - “Dean of the Philippine Nursing”; Florence Nightingale of Iloilo
L. Nursing Organizations:
1. Philippine Nurses Association - This is the national organization of Filipino nurses.
2. National League of Nurses - The association of nurses employed in Department of

Health.
3. Catholic Nurses Guild of the Philippines
4. Others: ORNAP, MCNAP, IRNOP, etc.
M. Professionalism
1. Definitions:
a. Profession is an occupation that requires extensive education or a calling that

requires special knowledge, skills & preparation.
b. Professionalism refers to professional character, spirit, or methods and implies

respectability and commitment
c. Professionalization is the process of becoming professional, of acquiring

characteristics considered to be professional.
2. Difference of a profession to other occupations :
a. It requires a prolonged specialized training to acquire a body of knowledge

pertinent to the role to be performed.
• Specialized Education is an important aspect of professional status:

Bachelor’s degree, Masters degree, doctoral degree
• Body of Knowledge
➢ Nursing has a well developed body of knowledge and expertise.
➢ Nursing‘s conceptual frameworks contribute to the knowledge base of

nursing.
➢ Give direction to nursing practice, education and ongoing research.
b. An orientation of an individual towards service either to community or an

organization.
• A service orientation differentiates nursing from an occupation pursued

primarily for profit.
• Altruism [selfless concern for others] is the hallmark of a profession.
c. Ongoing research.
d. A Code of Ethics

P a g e | 28
• Nurses are expected to do what is considered right regardless of the

personal cost
• Nursing can develop its own code of ethics and set up means to monitor the
professional behavior of its members.
e. Autonomy
• A profession is autonomous if it regulates itself and sets standards for its

member.
• It should have legal authority to delineate scope of its practice, describe

functions and roles and determine goals and responsibilities.
• There is independence at work, responsibility and accountability to one’s

actions.
N. Roles and Responsibilities of a Professional Nurse:

P a g e | 29
1. Caregiver
a. The roles include those activities that assist the client physically and
psychologically while preserving the clients’ dignity.
b. The required nursing actions may involve full care for the completely
dependent client, partial care for the partially dependent client, and supportive-
educative care to assists clients in attaining their highest possible level of
health and wellness.
c. The nurse addresses the holistic health care needs of the clients, including
measures to restore emotional, spiritual and social well-being.
2. Communicator
a. The nurse identifies client problems and then communicates this verbally or in
writing to other members of the health team.
b. The quality of communication is critical factor in meeting the needs of

individuals, families, and communities.
3. Teacher/ Educator
a. The nurse explains to client’s concepts and facts about health, demonstrates
procedures such as self-care activities, determines that the client fully
understands, reinforces learning or client behavior, and evaluates the clients’
progress in learning.
b. Nurses also teach unlicensed assistive personnel to whom they delegate care,

P a g e | 30
and they share their expertise with other nurses and health professionals.
4. Client Advocate
a. In this role the nurse may represent the client’s needs and wishes to other
health professionals, assists the clients in exercising their rights and help them
speak for themselves.
b. The nurse protects the client’s human and legal rights, keeping in mind the
client’s religion and culture.
5. Counselor
a. The nurse helps the clients to recognize and cope with stressful psychological
or social problem, to develop improved interpersonal relationships, and to
promote personal growth.
6. Change Agent
a. The nurse acts as a change agent when assisting client’s to make modifications
in their behavior.
b. Technological change, change in the age of the client’s population, and changes
in medications are just a few of the changes nurses deal daily.
7. Leader
a. Nurses influences others to work together to accomplish a specific goal.
b. The leader role can be employed at different levels: individual client, family,
and groups of client’s, colleagues, or the community.
8. Manager
a. The nurse manages the nursing care of individuals, families, and communities.
b. Also delegates nursing activities to ancillary workers and other nurses, and
supervises and evaluates their performance.
9. Case Manager
a. They work with the multidisciplinary health care team to measure the
effectiveness of the case management plan and to monitor outcomes.
10. Research Consumer
a. The use of research improves the client care. The nurses need to:
• have some awareness of the process and language of research
• be sensitive to issues related to protecting the rights of human subjects
• participate in the identification of significant researchable problems
• be a discriminating consumer of research findings

P a g e | 31
O. Scope of Nursing Practice based on RA 9173:
1. Sec. 28. Scope of Nursing Practice – As independent practitioners, nurses is primarily

responsible for the promotion of health and prevention of illness. As members of the
health team, nurses shall collaborate with other health care givers for the curative,
prevention, and rehabilitative aspects of care, restoration of health, alleviation of
suffering, and when recovery is not possible, towards a peaceful death.
2. A nurse while in practice of nursing in all settings is duty-bound/ required to:
a. Observe the Code of Ethics for Nurses
b. Uphold standards for safe nursing practice
c. Maintain competence by continual learning through CPE to be provided by the

APO (PNA) or any recognized professional nursing organization. Resolution
No. 2004-179 s. 2004

P a g e | 32
Name: ______________________________________________________________
ASSESSMENT --- SUBMIT TO THE ADMIN OFFICE ONCE COMPLETED.
Activity 1 Know Thy Self
1. Draw an animal that represents yourself and answer the question “Who am I?” by
correlating your interest, attribute, and character to your drawing.
2. Explain why did you took up nursing?

P a g e | 33
Activity 2
CROSSWORD PUZZLE

P a g e | 34
Activity 3 Matching Type: Match column A with Column B
A B
1. NUTRIX a. FRONTIER NURSING SERVICE
2. PROFESSION b. IT REFERS TO THE IMPRESSION ONE MAKES ON
OTHERS WHICH WILL INCLUDE MORE THAN THAT
WHICH MEETS THE EYES.
3. SELF-RESPECT c. THE “CROWNING “GLORY OF YOUR FACE
4. POSTURE d. THE BASIS UPON WHICH PERSONAL
APPEARANCE IS ESTABLISHED.
5. HAIR e. THE GREATEST VIRTUE AND SERVES AS THE
FOUNDATION FOR A SENSE OF VALUES AND
THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CHARACTER.
6. CHARACTER f. AN ORGANIZATION OF AN OCCUPATIONAL GROUP

BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF SPECIAL
KNOWLEDGE WHICH ESTABLISHES ITS OWN RULES
AND STANDARDS FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE
PUBLIC AND THE PROFESSIONALS
7. CHARITY g. PERSON WHO HAS COMPLETED A BASIC
NURSING EDUCATION PROGRAM
8. JUSTICE h. IT REFERS TO THE HABITUAL OR ASSUMED
POSITION OF YOUR BODY IN STANDING,
POSITIONING, SITTING OR MOVING ABOUT.
9. FORTITUDE i. IT REFERS TO THE MORAL VALUES AND
BELIEFS THAT ARE USED AS GUIDE TO
PERSONAL BEHAVIOR AND ACTIONS.
10. TEMPERANCE j. CORRECT, FAIR AND IMPARTIAL

11. PROFESSIONAL k. ASSIST IN THE CONTROL OF FEELINGS,
NURSE THOUGHT AND EMOTIONS IN THE FACE OF
DIFFICULTY
12. ATTITUDE l. ENCOURAGES CONSTRUCTIVE USE OF THE
PLEASURE OF THE SENSES
13. GOOD PERSONALITY m. A MANNER OF ACTING, THINKING OR

FEELING THAT IS INDICATED BY ONE’S
RESPONSE TOWARD ANOTHER PERSON,
SITUATION OR EXPERIENCE
14. VOICE n. INNATE IN ONE WHO HAS A DEPTH OF
FEELING AND AN OUTGOING MANNER
15. FLORENCE o. MUST BE MODULATED WITH CLEAR

NIGHTINGALE ENUNCIATION
16. LINDA RICHARDS p. ESTABLISHED THE AMERICAN RED CROSS
17. DONA HILARIA DE q. AMERICA’S FIRST TRAINED NURSE

AGUINALDO
18. CHARM r. FOUNDER OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
19. LILIAN WALD s. ORGANIZED FILIPINO RED CROSS

1. CLARA BURTON
20. t. LADY WITH THE LAMP
2. u. TO NOURISH


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Page |6

INTRODUCTION TO NURSING PROFESSION

A. Latin word NUTRIX - “to nourish.”

A. Art deals with skill that requires dexterity and proficiency.

A. Has been defined as an

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3. Professional Qualities of a Nurse:

A. Interest and willingness to work and learn with individuals/groups in a variety of

4. Personal Qualities of a Nurse:

Consists of the distinctive individual qualities that

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b. Components of Good Personality:

a. Self-respect is the basis upon which personal appearance is established.

• Posture – it refers to the habitual or assumed position of your body in

• It presents some clues to your personality.

• Grooming – Hair is the “crowning “glory of your face. It should be neat,

➢ Items comprising the uniform should be spotlessly clean, well

➢ Uniform designated for use in a given hospital area is worn only

➢ Modification of any authorized uniform to suit individual

b. It is what a person is inside.

c. It is the development in proportion to emotional and intellectual growth and

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e. 4 Virtues emanating from the practice of Charity:

• Justice – quality of being righteous, correct, fair and impartial

• Fortitude – assist in the control of feelings, thought and emotions in the

• Temperance – encourages constructive use of the pleasure of the senses

a. A manner of acting, thinking or feeling that is indicated by one’s response toward

b. Personality is shaped by one’s attitudes.

c. It develops from awareness of oneself in relation to individuals and situation.

a. To influences the senses or the mind by some quality or attraction; delight

b. Innate in one who has a depth of feeling and an outgoing manner

d. To acquire charm, cultivate the following:

• Voice – modulated with clear enunciation

• Manner – courteous, attentive, patient, receptive

• Heart - attempt never to show indifference or a callused manner. Emphatic,

• Intelligence – keep an active mind, recognize beauty, accept new ideas

• Poise – equanimity, calmness, and composure (face reality, avoid emotional

1. Factors that affect and influenced Nursing History:

a. Women’s Roles and Status

b. Traditional roles of mother, wife, daughter, sister

c. Subservient and dependent role

d. Nursing roots is in “the home”

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a. Christian value of “love thy neighbor as thyself”

b. Parable of Good Samaritan

c. Converted Christians used their wealth to provide house of healing (forerunner of

• Harriet Tubman – Moses of her People

• Dorothy Dix - The Union’s Superintendent of Female nurses

c. World War I - American, British and French volunteered their services

• Cadet Nurse Corps. was established to address the acute shortage of

• “Practical nurses” aides and technician provided much of the actual

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4. Societal Attitudes towards the Nursing Profession

• Nurses during this period were poorly educated,

• Negative attitude toward nurses up to the contemporary time due to a

• Image of Angel of Mercy or Guardian Angel because of the work of

• Heroin portrayal evolved from nurses act of bravery in WW1

• efforts have been done to improve the image of nurses

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