EXPERIMENT NO.

1
WATER
BSN 1-H GROUP 3

EFFLORESCENCE AND DELIQUESCENCE

On the

QUESTIONS:

1. Water has relatively high heat of vaporization. How does this property of water help
regulate body temperature?
 Water’s high heat of vaporization, the amount of heat required to convert a given
amount of liquid into vapor, plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature.
When our body sweats, the water on our skin evaporates. The high heat of
vaporization of water means that a substantial amount of heat is absorbed from
the body during this process. This absorption of heat helps to cool the body down,
making evaporative cooling an effective mechanism for temperature regulation.
2. How do high values of heat of fusion and high heat of vaporization makes water a
medium for sustaining life.
 The high values of heat of fusion and heat of vaporization in water are vital for
sustaining life. The high heat of fusion allows water to absorb a significant amount
of heat when it freezes, preventing abrupt temperature fluctuations in aquatic
environments. This property protects organisms by creating a stable habitat.
3. What are the properties of water?
The properties of water are High heat capacity universal solvent, transparency, liquid
State, entropy of evaporation
 EXPERIMENT NO. 4
CHEMISTRY OF LIPID
BSN 1-H GROUP 3

A. SOLUBILITY:
1. The coconut oil is insoluble in distilled water.
2. The coconut oil is insoluble in ethyl alcohol.
3. The coconut oil is soluble in ether.
4. The coconut oil is soluble in chloroform.
5. The coconut oil is insoluble in 5% NaOH.
6. The coconut oil is insoluble in 5% HCI

B. FORMATION OF TRANSLUCENT SPOT:

 Coconut oil- after placing one drop of it on piece of ordinary writing
pad we noticed that it created and small translucent spot.
The translucent spot didn’t disappear and it took about
18 minutes to evaporate.

 Anise oil- after placing one drop of it on piece of ordinary writing pad
we noticed that it created and large translucent spot. The
translucent spot didn’t disappear and it took about 5
minutes to evaporate.

C. TEST FOR RANCIDITY

D. EMULSIFICATION OF FAT
 Test tube #1- the color is still the same while the water on cooking oil
separates from each other.
 Test tube #2- the color became white and it totally mix.
 Test tube #3- presence of fat was observed because the color of it
became white.
 Test tube #4- the mixture didn’t change its color and the egg white
didn’t mix with the solution it separates.
 Test tube #5- the color changed from blue to light blue and the mixture
mixed thoroughly.
E. TEST FOR GLYCEROL:
Solubility
Solvents:
 The glycerol is soluble in water.
 The glycerol is soluble in ethyl alcohol.
 The glycerol is insoluble in chloroform.
 The glycerol is insoluble in ether.
Odor – odorless
Taste – mild-sweet taste
Acrolein Test – after heating the glycerol with acrolein in it, it produced the odor of
burnt fat.
Borax Fusion Test – the heated borax powder with glycerol in it produced a green
flame after a few seconds. Yellow flame was seen also but the
green flame dominated it.

F. QUALITATIVE TEST FOR CHOLESTEROL

 Liebermann – Burchard Test
 Initial Color – there were no changes after the chemicals was mixed
and it had a clear color.
 Color after 5 minutes – its color remained the same and no changes
observed.
 Present or Absent – Absent

 Salkowski Test
 Initial Test – 3 layers of colors were observed, the top color is white,
middle color is orange, and the bottom color is clear yellow.
 Color after 5 minutes – the color didn’t change drastically and the
chemicals were separated.
 Present or Absent – Absent
 EXPERIMENT NO. 5
CHEMISTRY OF PROTEIN
BSN 1-H GROUP 3

A. COLOR REACTION TEST

Tests:
 Biuret Test
 Casein – bluish violet color is formed.
 1% Egg Albumin – bluish violet color is formed.
 Ehlich’s Test
 Casein –
  1% Egg Albumin
 Hopkins-Cole
 Casein – the color in the upper part is light brown, while at the bottom part
is dark brown.
 1% Egg Albumin – it forms two layer in the upper part is hazy white while in
the bottom part is dark brown.
 Ninhydrin Test
 Casein – the color of the mixture is purple.
 1% Egg Albumin – the color of the mixture is purple/violet
 Million’s Test
 Casein – there no changes in it’s color.
 1% Egg Albumin – the color change to red or pink precipitate.
 Sulfur Test
 Casein –
 1% Egg Albumin -
 Xanthoproteic Test
 Casein – the mixture precipitate at the bottom part is hazy yellow, while in
the upper part is yellow.
 1% Egg Albumin – the color of the mixture is dark yellow.

B. DENATURATION TEST
Tests:
 Lead Acetate Test
 Casein –
 1% Egg Albumin -
 Mercuric Chloride Test
 Casein –
 1% Egg Albumin -
 Ferric Chloride Test
 Casein –
 1% Egg Albumin –
 EXPERIMENT NO. 6
CHEMISTRY OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID
BSN 1-H GROUP 3

NAME OF TEST
 Biuret Test for Nucleoprotein
 Test for Inorganic Phosphate
 Test for Purine Base

TEST FOR PENTOSES

a. 0.1% Ribose
(ribose was not available)
b. 0.1% Glucose
 Observation - After adding the two chemicals, it immediately gave off a bluish
color precipitate.
 Explanation - Pentoses are dehydrated into furfural which in turn condense with
orcinol to give a bluish precipitate.
c. Acid hydrolysis
 Observation - After adding the mixture x and the reagent, it gave off a blue-green
color precipitate.
 Explanation - Pentoses are dehydrated into furfural which in turn condense with
orcinol to give a blue-green precipitate (in this situation, the pentosans were
hydrolyzed into pentoses).

EXPERIMENT NO. 8
URINE
BSN 1-H GROUP 3

I. INORGANIC CONSTITUENT OF URINE

Test for Urine
Urea Test
Observation:

 The color change from yellow to red

Uric Acid Test
Observation:
 The color turned darker which indicates indicated higher uric acid
Creatinine
Observation:

 After the 5 mL of urine with 1 mL added of picric acid solution and 10% NaOH
we noticed that it turned red.

II. Organic Constituent of Urine

Test for Urine
Test for Sulfate
Observation:
 After performing the test we noticed that it had the appearance of precipitate.
Test for Alkaline Phosphate
Observation:
 It had an intense shade of yellow.