Ouit -IV-A

TOR SION
A womeuut causiug the fwisttug of an
objed obout
its louyiludiual oxis.

A wcmont that ted

to tuoisttun is call
toscue.
Eg:LAs
oausmission shatt p e s tsansnit pouder faom fxom
engiune to heels thaoug shaft
a A shaft tsansmit powes fsom wind tuabine enea

The applied tosdue cauws detamatimby toistiug.

howes the caoss secion does' hot chaune iu cae ot

oxieymmetxic. Tucan of non axisymmetsic shaft the

CoSS-section get uos ps

Augle ot twist
9
Assumphionc
Aplavw sectian sewalus plane urAex the tosdua
applicatiom
2. The shear stsain vasies lieaxly som cettsa
oxis and max a the pesiphexay.
fos ediGbsium

Iut tesistiup toxdue =

Ext applied tadue
develops sheax stsess.
aud stsaius. T

Sheas s a i

tan
tan- BS at suataa
AB
oith u Tho
at auy point

tdAS T

tmax
dA
Agea
T
Aaen
polax momentoI
T 3 A c.s xeLIstance to tasin
Exapla.

Ductilk Mateia Bsitfle Material.

44

Tmax

Exampe. eariu9 teactiM ou shatt =o, if shaft weight

assumed to be negligible. Applied toatu otisty Mome
euiisaium 4250 kN-mM 3 ODN m 12S0 -

T-2
ZM0 4250 -300 - T = O T 1250 N. m

Pouoex toane Miss iM

P T - T9 T (27{)
dt
P w
T 05 (P/, q.SSXIO CP N &pM,
 32
D- D)

t
4
d
-do

Heoes law
3 SJA SJc#+)dA
A

JSTJA+S(*dA
Tmax
Smox * yy
Fo ot sy wMetay.
J 2Ixx 2y

de

wox
dx
de max dx

d
.
x

fae
TL

Tnax T/R
ppoas Section Mcdu»
 oid shaft
thallow shaft

T: Tmax*
Ro
mon

Di -
Tos sioual sheak stess distibuion.

1
Dt-4) =T(1-
J /30
pT/R
Tossicual stiffne ss k Tovsioual
sigiy.
Ameunt ef foEdue xequiked fo tncsea aunEalar twfst
t sadiau
le4 e T/L
Axial stiff ness

A S/)E L
Resista uce cf awember aqainst axial
detomatiom.
Beudiytiffness. YFexuxa sOWt.
Reststaue of Member
a
agaiust beudivug detsmattay

A oace coupl seuised to bend atlexible stauctuae oy

a nit st cuBvatture.

Y/Je M/EL
Shatls iu SesieS Shafts in parallel.

T T
T T =T2 T T 2

LADA=2B0=
.M. Sigu coUention.
| C.S

4
N

Cw-LHS AC fsom
A4ts
ACW fsom CW foow
Hts HS
+Ve T M

Shea sttess Y cikculax

6T/a3 6T/RC1 -K4)

e- 32TL/AGd4 e 32TL/GDtCI-k4)
Eample .
dd da dh
yT
Total

Siuce T Ta-Ta= T

= 3/r d 6T,To / d

GT/zd eT/d
3
max
Tmin
/ (da/d
32T
J

Total + e 2 t83

32T
Tad4

546 T/x44t

ramp 2
ST Y2

Tot

+ST +ST

tVe +2 t2
tVe
B E
-
-3T. -3
 TMax TcD. ST

6 TcD / r

6ST/rA
80T/ MPa
Tstal OsEA

- T+5T +2T

AT/a 28 T/RGA4+
sas
xample 3.

T e-2

2T

TAR 2T
TcD O

Teo LoG Teo

+Tc4Tpe TA/4T AB
+TL/GTEC +2T/4 TAB
V 3 e + 2/3 AB
 Example 4
Shaft is hollow sith ined ahd outer diametets q0mm
and (20 mm sespectively. Shatts AB ad CD axe soid
and diametex d. Detexmine max and oin sheakiug s t
tn shaft BC, the etuised dianeter d (ox AB ard cD
if allowgble sheasin0 sttes is 6s M
6le-m
14kN-m 2okN-M 6kN-m

- -

oqm O.7 m

+20kNm

6uN

- N-m
TAB kN-m Tec 20&Nm Teo 6kN-m

Fos shatt Bc.

J Cdo"- d) Co. - o.oqt) 134a

Tec/xas-a Teco/T
d 20 O.06/13.92X16
x
S6.2 M Pa.

Taci//T= 20X 0.o4S = 64.7 MPa.

Troin 3.92 xI
Fos s a t t AB and cD.
TY/ //2 »4 4 2 TA/n

2AB/Tallbu =
2 6XIGes XI

2 77. 3 mm.
Example S. shatt fixed at both ends.
TA
d

-Tc

Net tosdue isT

T Ta TTe TA T
TA T e T

TIYS Ta/
:-/4(49) *(TA-T)1e4 (d/yt
TA T/2
TeT/2
Fcx rnox.

Tma -6T2/xda
le-T/a)/x (a
64T/ Maa
64 T/x3 ACW
Zm tmiV a/ (d1/da) =8
anple 6 shaft fixed at beth ends.

-Tp
Net tovdue 2T

Toc TA T

TA T b 2 T
ep T =Ta-2T
Tusist
+ = O

TA-T)T2L CTA-2T)L

TA CTA-T/a + (TA-2T/T=o
, CTA TA aTCTA-TI, -
=o

A-TL =o
TA T O
TA T D T

Tec C -T

TL/43 ec ecD T/
ession a tapeyer shat.
T

t cau be treated as
assembly of n shafh et sifeseni
diametes.
T T T T

n esp
Rate f chauge ef dlametes.
d d + Cd- da) z/L

stalp Todc
Btot J32 Txx dx
Gd4
32 T x

GCd + Cd-d) X/LT

NG 3d
3

wox/tin (dla emallo

txample 4. Ouitosmly vaayin tosgue

4L

t a t N-m/

xdx tdz t

16TA/ra* 6 TL/a

3 Tz dx

32

32
O

Stain Eueasyy.
T T dx
243
Shatt Desiqn PaoceduKe.
1. Assume the sthaft os hoslzontal,it it is ndt menticned.

Mask the beasiuOS /suppsots, pulleys and (ears an 2haft

Asbets axe subjects to tensious ttat ake diftexent
between teustoUn and sack side. and teas have adia
taugetial aod nosmal components.load.

T+T 4FR Puion

R

Geal
T+T
e l t Teusions Geax Fexces
2.The beltenstonS ake
Coef. ef fsicion o.3
T/T Auglu cforapzi80 7<
3. qeax loaás

F CotK d Pessuse angk

R F taud
4. TosioMal Moment am the shattf

T 9.sSxIo (P
(T-T ) 8p fpooer is thxaugh bet dsie
if power is throunh geas dke

S. endiun moments
Find the BM diaysam in hosiaantal and vertical plane
and etact kesultent at each point on the shatt
 Select the bbsolute maximum bendiu0 m o e T . M.

Shaft siae.
The combiuued shock and enduance a c l S axe selectes

dependiug ou the typc of lcadiu AME code fes shat

axe used. The allowasle stremgth given. it iS
Td. is
nosmaly 30X of elastic imiit GEY. in tenston cr
IS of ultimate teusile sess a l o y steek.
mCT3
6 V3
mM*GT 4
7. Check fos Lates al 'and tossional sigidity. In cate th2
sigidity cCorditions ate not satsfted the statt slse
is sevised.

Latesal xigidity: Find max. deflectiom based am tye ct

beam y = Fe/48er F/3Er) whese F={CFA+)
use pesissible detlecHM ie 0.2thm iu a legih 300mm

Ye O2SxL/3c0 . f y >Yp then compurte <haft dia

based on YeFe/4sET FS/3E baned nm Suppot.co
Torslcna xigidity, Find the max. angle et twist =

e 584T/4d4 i dig. The pes missidle tuoist s

eg. 1 in a length of 20. ieta14a3. tiwmes the shatt
ad/m. if din m.
diametes. p 4 /10Yd
Example i.
A steel shaft 2 m loug between beasiuns casries a

t2oD N pulley at the mid pont. The pulley s keyed

to the shaft and eceivec 20kw at S0 Kpm which
is taansmi tted to h e tlexible coupliug just cut side

the ioght beasiug. The belt dsive is horizontal.

The sato of belt fenstons is 3.1.The diameter
of the pulley s 60dnm. Assume Cm = C4 1.5
Calculat the hece ssary shaft siae.

L R Coaplun

7T

10DO

i.Toxsional moment
T 9.55sXId (P)/ 9.ss xId 0)/su
1273333.3 N mm

Bet teusons
T CT T)Raley sadius
27 3333.3 CT-T2)300 T T =4244.4N.
Ratio of belt tens ions
T/T=a 3
T 3T2
Ta -T 4244.4; T 2122.2N, T= 6366.6 N
Sum et bef tensious T + . 8488.8 N.
ii. Beudiug MOments
Maximum bendiug moment is in horacntal plane
M4
M
MA ww/4- 488.3 xactD/4
444-400 N- mmn

Maxi mum bend iug moment in vextical plane

My
My
M y/4. 1200 *20DO 4
6O0O0O N. mm
Maxinum esultant bendiug moment ou the shatt
is its wid point.
M - M+M ) =N(4244400+60cood
44286S99 N- mm
. shatsie.
Fox cold solled steel = 482 N(mm
Te24N/mm
8Y o f S O. l8 x 48 - 86.76 N/mm

30 efVe O. 3 X 24 7 2 . 3 N/mm
shaft cansist e t key way, siuce itcarsies a pulley
7 S . et 72.3 /mm: 54 N/mm
fsom maxitmum sheeaY st&ess
{hedty the shat siAe
is V3
sive d,- {(CnM+(CTY -L4
d s4 (cx4286S99)* +(\.Sxi293333. 3
5 . mm
staudasd size shatt oft diamete qOmm is sugnested,
V. Check te design fov lalesal delecticn.
tox a simply suppos tet beam, lcaded at the cettex , the
Maxm. detlectin gves.

YFe/4ser
FF4 Fy =VC848s.8+ (200) S73.2 N.

Y 3s73.2x 2CT0/(4 8k 2.07XI0°x 10)

64

2.14 mm
The pexmissiblk detlection is o.25 mm ina lengh
ot 300 mm. Ina leugth ef 2000 m the pesmissibk<

deflectien is O.25 X
20D/300 . 6 7 mm

Siuee the actua detlectian 2..14 mm is wore ran

ah
peYmissibl value, the shatt size is to be iucsease

.69 S73.2 x 2000/.

748 2.0>xoxA64
s.8 mm

standasd s i e shatt of diameter 40d mm is hecescay

Vi. Check the desinh fos tosslond rigidity.
Actual augk ef toist in deyvee is siven by.

6 584TL/.4 S84x.(293333.3 x2000

S2 X10 x lOD
O. 8
Pesmissiblu fuolst is 1 ia leugth ot 20 times the shoti
diametes. e in 2co0 mm
leug6. Stue he shaffsize
( s100 mm, actual twist is ess than pesmissible thee
ore secommended si2e 100 mmm is satistactory.