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Full download Structural Adhesive Joints: Design, Analysis, and Testing K. L. Mittal file pdf all chapter on 2024
Full download Structural Adhesive Joints: Design, Analysis, and Testing K. L. Mittal file pdf all chapter on 2024
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Structural Adhesive Joints
Scrivener Publishing
100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J
Beverly, MA 01915-6106
The topics to be covered include, but not limited to, basic and theoretical aspects
of adhesion; modeling of adhesion phenomena; mechanisms of adhesion; surface
and interfacial analysis and characterization; unraveling of events at interfaces;
characterization of interphases; adhesion of thin films and coatings; adhesion
aspects in reinforced composites; formation, characterization and durability of
adhesive joints; surface preparation methods; polymer surface modification;
biological adhesion; particle adhesion; adhesion of metallized plastics; adhesion of
diamond-like films; adhesion promoters; contact angle, wettability and adhesion;
superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity. With regards to adhesives, the Series
will include, but not limited to, green adhesives; novel and high-performance
adhesives; and medical adhesive applications.
Publishers at Scrivener
Martin Scrivener (martin@scrivenerpublishing.com)
Phillip Carmical (pcarmical@scrivenerpublishing.com)
Structural Adhesive Joints
Edited by
K.L. Mittal and S. K. Panigrahi
This edition first published 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
© 2020 Scrivener Publishing LLC
For more information about Scrivener publications please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other-
wise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title
is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley prod-
ucts visit us at www.wiley.com.
ISBN 978-1-119-73643-1
Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface xiii
Part 1: General Topics 1
1 Surface Preparation for Structural Adhesive Joints 3
Anushka Purabgola, Shivani Rastogi, Gaurav Sharma
and Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Theories of Adhesion 6
1.2.1 Mechanical Interlocking 6
1.2.2 Electrostatic (Electronic) Theory 7
1.2.3 Diffusion Theory 7
1.2.4 Wetting Theory 8
1.2.5 Chemical Bonding Theory 10
1.2.6 Weak Boundary Layer Theory 10
1.3 Surface Preparation Methods 11
1.3.1 Degreasing 12
1.3.1.1 Vapor Degreasing 12
1.3.1.2 Ultrasonic Vapor Degreasing 13
1.3.1.3 Other Degreasing Methods 14
1.3.2 Mechanical Abrasion 15
1.3.3 Chemical Treatment 17
1.3.3.1 Acid Etching 17
1.3.3.2 Anodization 17
1.3.4 Physical Methods 20
1.3.4.1 Corona Treatment 20
1.3.4.2 Flame Treatment 22
1.3.4.3 Plasma Treatment 22
1.4 Surface Preparation Evaluation Methods 23
1.4.1 Dyne Solutions 24
1.4.2 Water-Break Test 24
v
vi Contents
xiii
xiv Preface
Kash Mittal
P.O. Box 1280
Hopewell Jct., NY 12533
E-mail: ushaRmittal@gmail.com
S. K. Panigrahi
Defence Institute of Advanced Technology
Pune, India
Part 1
GENERAL TOPICS
1
Surface Preparation for
Structural Adhesive Joints
Anushka Purabgola1, Shivani Rastogi1, Gaurav Sharma1
and Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian2*
1
Nanomaterials Characterization Lab, Center for Converging Technologies,
University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
2
Nano Surface Texturing Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials
Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU),
Girinagar, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Advanced structures require materials that can provide high tensile strength, mod-
ulus, along with good load bearing capacity. Several structural adhesives provide
good strength to joints made of different materials. The applications of structural
adhesives range from domestic appliances to ships and aircraft along with med-
ical and dental fields. However, an efficient adhesion of the structural adhesives
to adherends requires various surface treatment methods to be performed prior
to the application of adhesives. These modification methods alter the surface free
energy and impart distinct polar groups (-OH, -C=O) on the adherend which act
as new receptive sites for adhesion. These surface treatment methods are basically
divided into degreasing methods, mechanical abrasion methods (e.g., grit blast-
ing), chemical modification methods (acid-etching, anodization, etc.), and phys-
ical treatment methods (corona treatment, flame treatment, plasma treatment,
etc.). This chapter describes various surface preparation methods for the efficient
application of structural adhesives along with theories of adhesion, surface treat-
ment evaluation tests, applications, and future scope of structural adhesives.
Keywords: Tensile strength, surface treatment, degreasing, chemical
modifications, physical treatment
K.L. Mittal and S. K. Panigrahi (eds.) Structural Adhesive Joints: Design, Analysis and Testing,
(3–34) © 2020 Scrivener Publishing LLC
3
4 Structural Adhesive Joints
1.1 Introduction
Structural adhesives can be considered as high strength glues, used to
hold two substrate surfaces with load-bearing permanent bonds [1]. The
structural adhesives offer high modulus, high strength, and flexible bonds
to produce lightweight materials [2] capable of maintaining structural
integrity even under high stress. This cost-effective method of fabricating
stress-bearing materials also provides the advantage of protection against
corrosion [3]. The structural adhesives help in maintaining structural
integrity of the materials by their ability of transmitting structural stress
across the interface when subjected to high loads. The bonding of substrate
surfaces using structural adhesives may result due to van der Waals forces,
electrostatic attraction, or chemical bonding arising between the surfaces
and adhesives (Figure 1.1).
The structural adhesives are generally in liquid form during application
between the surfaces, giving wettability to the surfaces followed by cur-
ing, thus resulting in rigid, high molecular weight and crosslinked attach-
ment between adhesive and adherend. The structural adhesives are used
in aircraft, ships, medical/dental, automotive, domestic appliances, elec-
tronics, and construction applications because they provide excellent load-
bearing capability [4, 5]. The most widely used structural adhesives include
silicones, epoxies, acrylics, urethanes, etc. [5]. The substrates that can
be joined using structural adhesives include metals, composites, rubber,
plastics, biomaterials (wood and honeycomb panels), etc. [6]. The bind-
ing and fabrication of materials using structural adhesives depends on a
variety of factors including selection of suitable adhesive, surface prepa-
ration of adherend, quality control, proper joining design, etc. Out of all
these requirements, surface preparation of the materials to be joined is an
important aspect in the field of adhesive bonding. The surface preparation
Substrate 1
Adhesion
Substrates Adhesion
Cohesion
Adhesive
Molecule
Substrate 2
Adhesive