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najafidm
 Contributors

PAOLO ANGELINI, MD, FSCAI DANIEL BURKHOFF, MD MAURICIO G. COHEN, MD, FACC,
Medical Director Adjunct Associate Professor FSCAI
Center for Coronary Artery Anomalies Department of Medicine Associate Professor of Medicine
Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Columbia University Director
Episcopal Hospital New York, New York Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
Houston, Texas RONALD P. CAPUTO, MD, FACC, FSCAI Cardiovascular Division

GABRIELE EGIDY ASSENZA, MD Director Department of Medicine

Boston Adult Congenital and Pulmonary Cardiac Services University of Miami Miller School of

Hypertension Program St. joseph's Hospital Medicine

Brigham and Women's Hospital Syracuse, New York Miami, Florida

Boston, Massachusetts BLASE A. CARABELLO M.D KEVIN CROCE, MD, PhD

Boston Children's Hospital Professor of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts Vice-Chairman, Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Division
Department of Clinical and Molecular The WA. "Tex" and Deborah Moncrief, jr Harvard Medical School
Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts
"Sapienza Universita' di Roma" Medical Medical Care Line Executive JAMES C. FANG, MD
School Veterans Affairs Medical Center Professor of Medicine
Rome, Italy Director, Center for Heart Valve Disease Chief
STEPHEN BALTER, PhD Chief of Cardiology Cardiovascular Division
Professor Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's University of Utah
Clinical Radiology (Physics) (in Medicine) Episcopal Hospital Salt Lake City, Utah
Columbia University Houston, Texas TED E. FELDMAN, MD, FSCAI,
New York, New York JOHN D. CARROLL, MD FACC, FESC
ARNON BLUM, MD Professor of Medicine Director,
Director University of Colorado School of Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories
Department of Medicine Medicine Evanston Hospital
Baruch Padeh Poria Hospital and Faculty Director NorthShore University HealthSystem
of Medicine Interventional Cardiology Evanston, Illinois
Bar Ilan University Co-Medical Director Cardiac and Vascular MICHAEL A. FIFER, MD
Lower Galilee, Israel Center Associate Professor
BARRY A. BORLAUG, MD, FACC University of Colorado Hospital Department of Medicine
Associate Professor of Medicine Aurora, Colorado Harvard Medical School
Mayo Medical School SANDRA V. CHAPARRO, MD Director
Consultant Assistant Professor of Medicine Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
Catheterization Lab Physician Medicine/Cardiovascular/Heart Massachusetts General Hospital
Cardiovascular Diseases Transplant Boston, Massachusetts
Mayo Clinic Rochester Cardiovascular Division PETER]. F ITZGERALD, MD, PhD
Saint Mary's Hospital Department of Medicine Professor of Medicine (Cardiology)
Rochester, Minnesota University or Miami Miller School or Stanford University
ARASH BORNAK, MD Medicine Stanford, California
Assistant Professor of Surgery Miami, Florida
G. RANDALL GREEN, MD,
Vascular and Endovascular Surgery KYUNG CHO, MD JD, MBA
University of Miami, Miller School of William Martel Professor of Radiology Program Director
Medicine University of Michigan Health System Cardiac Surgery
jackson Memorial Hospital Department of Radiology St. joseph's Hospital Health Center
Miami, Florida Division of Interventional Radiology Syracuse, New York
Ann Arbor, Michigan

VII
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 VIII Contributors
WILLIAM GROSSMAN, MD
Charles and Helen Schwab Endowed
Chair
Preventive Cardiology
Director
Center for Prevention of Heart and
Vascular Disease
Professor of Medicine
University of California
San Francisco, California
HARRIS M. HAQQANI, MBBS, PhD
Senior lecturer
University of Queensland School of
Medicine
Senior Electrophysiologist
Prince Charles Hospital
Brisbane, Queensland
Australia
JOSHUA M. HARE, MD
Louis Lemberg Professor of Medicine
Director of Interdisciplinary Stem Cell
Institute
Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute
Cardiovascular Division
Department of Medicine
University of Miami Miller School of
Medicine
Miami, Florida
ALAN W. HELDMAN, MD, FSCAI
Professor of Medicine
Interventional Cardiology
Cardiovascular Division
Department of Medicine
University of Miami Miller School of
Medicine
Miami, Florida
ROBERT C. HENDEL, MD
Professor
Medicine and Radiology
Director of Cardiac Imaging
Cardiovascular Division
Department of Medicine
University of Miami Miller School of
Medicine
Miami, Florida
JOSE P.S. HENRIQUES, MD, PhD, MBA
Cardiologist
University of Amsterdam
Head of Catheterization Laboratory
Cardiology
Academic Medical Center
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
DAVID R. HOLMES, JR., MD
Professor of Medicine
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
YASUHIRO HONDA, MD, FACC,
FAHA
Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine
Co-Director
Cardiovascular Core Analysis laboratory
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, California
MICHAEL R. JAFF, DO
Associate Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Chair
MGH Institute for Heart, Vascular and
Stroke Care
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
SAMIR R. KAPADIA, MD
Professor of Medicine
Director
Sones Cardiac Catheterization laboratory
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio
MORTON J. KERN, MD, FACC,
FSCAI, FAHA
Professor of Medicine
University California Irvine
Chief Cardiology
long Beach Veterans Administration
Health Care System
Associate Chief of Cardiology
University California Irvine
long Beach, California
AJAY J. KIRTANE, MD, SM, FACC,
FSCAI
Chief Academic Officer, Center for
Interventional Vascular Therapy
Director, Interventional Cardiology
Fellowship Program and
Catheterization laboratory Quality
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
Division of Cardiology, Columbia
University Medical Center
New York-Presbyterian Hospital
New York, New York
NILS KUCHER, MD
Senior Consultant
Clinics for Cardiology and Angiology
Bern University Hospital
Bern, Switzerland
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AARON KUGELMASS, MD
Chief, Division of Cardiology
lecturer in Medicine, Tufts University
School of Medicine
Medical Director, Heart and Vascular
Center
Baystate Medical Center
Springfield, Massachusetts
ROGER J. LAHAM, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts
MICHAEL]. LANDZBERG, MD
Associate Director, Adult Pulmonary
Hypertension Program
Director, Boston Adult Congenital Heart
(BACH)
Boston Children's Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
MICHAEL]. LIM, MD, FACC, FSCAI
jack Ford Shelby Endowed Professor
Director
Division of Cardiology and
Co-Director
Center for Comprehensive Cardiovascular
Care
Saint louis University
Saint louis, Missouri
JAMES E. LOCK, MD
Alexander S. Nadas Professor of Pediatrics
Cardiologist-in-Chief
Chairman, Department of Cardiology
Boston Children's Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
FRANCIS E. MARCHLINSKI, MD
Professor of Medicine
Director, Electrophysiology Program,
Director, Electrophysiology Laboratory,
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania Health System
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
CLAUDIA MARTINEZ, MD, FSCAI
Assistant Professor of Medicine,
Cardiovascular Division
Department of Medicine
University of Miami Milles School of
Medicine
Miami, Florida
 Contributors IX

VALLERIE V. MCLAUGHLIN, MD STEPHEN R. RAMEE, MD, FACC, ROBERT J. SOMMER, MD

Professor of Medicine
Director
Pulmonary Hypertension Program
Department of Medicine
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
University of Michigan Health System
Ann Arbor, Michigan
FSCAI
Medical Director of the Structural and
Heart Valve Program
John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute
Ochsner Medical Institutions
New Orleans, Louisiana
SUNIL V. RAO, MD
Director
Invasive Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Center for Interventional Vascular
Therapy
Department of Medicine
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York

JORGE MONGE, MD Department of Medicine, Division of GREGG W. STONE, MD

Research Fellow Cardiology Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic Duke University Medical Center Columbia University
Scottsdale, Arizona Durham, North Carolina Director of Cardiovascular Research
and Education
MAURO MOSCUCCI, MD JOHN F. ROBE, MD, FAHA, FACC,
Professor of Medicine Center for Interventional Vascular
FSCAI
Chairman, Department of Medicine Therapy
Director
(Acting) New York Presbyterian HospitaV
Interventional Cardiology and Cardiac
Chief, Cardiovascular Division Columbia University Medical Center
Catheterization Laboratories
University of Miami Miller School of Co-Director of Medical Research and
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Medicine Education
Lebanon, New Hampshire
Miami, Florida The Cardiovascular Research
KENNETH ROSENFIELD, MD, FAHA,
Foundation
WILLIAM W. O'NEILL, MD, FACC FACC
New York, New York
Medical Director Section Head, Vascular Medicine and
Center for Structural Heart Disease ZOLTAN G. TURI, MD
Intervention
Henry Ford Hospital Professor of Medicine
Cardiology
Detroit, Michigan Cooper Medical School of Rowan
Massachusetts General Hospital
University
ROBERT N. PlANA, MD, FACC Boston, Massachusetts
Camden, New Jersey
Professor of Medicine JOHN RUNDBACK, MD
Director, Adult Congenital Interventional GILBERT R. UPCHURCH, JR., MD
Medical Director
Program Muller Professor of Surgery
Interventional Institute
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Surgery
Holy Name Medical Center
Vanderbilt Heart and Vascular Institute University of Virginia
Teaneck, New Jersey
Nashville, Tennessee Charlottesville, Virginia
MEHDI H. SHISHEHBOR, DO,
JEFF REY]. POPMA, MD OMAIDA C. VELAZQUEZ, MD
MPH, PhD
Professor of Medicine Professor of Surgery
Director
Harvard Medical School Chief of Vascular and Endovascular
Endovascular Services
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Surgery
Cleveland Clinic
Boston, Massachusetts Executive Dean for Research, Research
Cleveland, Ohio
Education and Innovative Medicine
ABHIRAM PRASAD, MD DANIEL I. SIMON, MD, FACC, FAHA, University of Miami Miller School of
Professor of Medicine FSCAI Medicine
Cardiovascular Division Director
Miami, Florida
Mayo Clinic Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute
Rochester, Minnesota JUAN F. VILES-GONZALEZ, MD
Chief
Assistant Professor of Medicine
ROBERT A. QUAIFE, MD Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
Cardiovascular Division
Director University Hospitals Case Medical Center
Department of Medicine
Advanced Cardiac Imaging Herman K. Hellerstein Professor of
University of Miami, Miller School of
Associate Professor of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research
Medicine
Radiology Case Western Reserve University School
Miami, Florida
University of Colorado of Medicine
Denver, Colorado Cleveland, Ohio

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 X Contributors

SCOTT H. VISOVATTI, MD CHRISTOPHER]. WHITE, MD

Clinical Lecturer Professor and Chairman
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Cardiology
University of Michigan Ochsner Clinical School
Ann Arbor, Michigan University of Queensland

JOHN G. WEBB, MD New Orleans, Louisiana

Director, Interventional Cardiology and PAUL G. YOCK, MD

Cardiac Catheterization Weiland Professor of Bioengineering and
Interventional Cardiology Medicine
St. Paul's Hospital Director
Vancouver, British Columbia Program in Biodesign
Canada Stanford University
Stanford, California

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 Preface
to the Eighth Edition

My personal experience with Grossmans Cardiac Catheterization, Angiography, and Intervention textbook
started with the fourth edition, during my cardiac catheterization rotation in 1 9 9 1 as a cardiology fellow at
the University of Chicago. That rotation, working under the mentorship of]ohn Carroll and Ted Feldman,
was sensational and led to a maj or change in my career. For the next 6 months , Grossmans textbook became
my evening reading, cover to cover, and I made the decision that interventional cardiology was going to be
the future of my career. One year later, I moved to the Beth Israel Hospital in Boston for further training in
interventional cardiology under the mentorship of Donald Bairn and William Grossman. The richness of
the Beth Israel Hospital program , the quality of the training both from a clinical and research perspective ,
and the charismatic leadership of Don Bairn became unforgettable. Those two additional training years
further shaped my professional development, and the friendships that I developed with many colleagues
and with Don became a highlight for the next two decades. Beginning with the fourth edition and all the
way through the seventh edition of the textbook, I did not miss a single edition and I was delighted to see
the evolution of the textbook through the years .
The publication in 2006 of the seventh edition of Grossmans Cardiac Catheterization, Angiography, and
Intervention was a milestone. After 30 years of shaping the textbook through six editions , William Gross­
man had stepped down as coeditor and Don Bairn had taken the new duty as the lead editor. Unfortunately,
the unexpected and premature death of Don Bairn in 2009 was a maj or loss for the interventional commu­
nity and a personal loss for me.
I was thrilled to be asked to become the editor of the eighth edition of the textbook, which represents
a new milestone. Dr. Grossman's and Dr. Bairn's legacy remains and the title has been modified to Grossman
and Bairns Cardiac Catheterization, Angiography, and Intervention, to further reflect that legacy.
Returning readers will find the addition of color as a maj or, exciting new change in the textbook and
will be pleased to find that the basic structure has been retained. Furthermore , to address the tremendous
growth that has occurred in cardiac catheterization and interventional cardiology, the total number of
chapters has increased from 34 to 46, and every chapter from the prior edition has been updated where
needed and expanded with further emphasis on hemodynamic data, hemodynamic tracings , interventional
procedures , and the addition of new tables and images .
Section !-General Principles includes a new chapter on Integrated Imaging Modalities in the Cardiac
Catheterization laboratory and a separate chapter on Complications . Recognizing the expanding adoption
and value of radial artery access, a new chapter dedicated to this topic has been added to Section II-Basic
Techniques. In addition, the chapter on brachial artery cutdown has been expanded with the inclusion of
other open cutdown vascular access approaches , which have recently received enhanced interest due to the
development of percutaneous aortic valve replacement.
The acquisition and interpretation of hemodynamic data require a full understanding of the patho­
physiology of cardiovascular disease, of acquisition protocols of hemodynamic data, and knowledge of
potential pitfalls that could lead to misinterpretation of the data acquired. Recognizing the importance of
potential pitfalls leading to erroneous interpretation of hemodynamic data, Section III-Hemodynamic
Principles has been expanded with the inclusion of a new chapter entitled Pitfalls in the Evaluation of
Hemodynamic Data. We hope that returning and new readers will find this chapter helpful.
The anatomic classification of coronary artery anomalies has critical implications from a manage­
ment perspective. General textbooks on cardiovascular disease provide limited information on coronary
artery anomalies , as well as on the evaluation and management of patients who have been identified as
having a coronary artery anomaly. Section IV-Angiographic Techniques includes a new chapter on Coro­
nary Artery Anomalies. likewise, the evaluation of pericardia! disease and the differential diagnosis of
constrictive versus restrictive physiology continue to be a challenging area in cardiology. Therefore, in
this new eighth edition, the topic of pericardia! disease has been expanded across three chapters . Sec­
tion V-Evaluation of Cardiac Function includes a new chapter entitled Evaluation of Tamponade, Con­
strictive, and Restrictive Physiology. Section VII-Interventional Techniques includes a new chapter on

XI
najafidm
x11 Preface to the Eighth Edition

Pericardia! Interventions covering pericardiocentesis , balloon pericardiotomy, and epicardial approach to

cardiac procedures . In addition, the valuable chapter on Profiles in Pericardia! Disease in Section VIII has
been retained and updated with a new case.
Since the seventh edition was published, there has been a tremendous growth in interventions for struc­
tural heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cardiac arrhythmias, while primary PCI for ST segment
Elevation Myocardial Infarction has become the standard of care for patients with acute myocardial infarc­
tion, and cell therapies have emerged as a new exciting and promising option for patients with cardiovascu­
lar disease. Five new chapters addressing these exciting developments have been added to the eighth edition
in Section VII-Interventional Techniques. Chapter 30 outlines interventions for acute myocardial infarc­
tion. Chapter 32 provides a general overview of intervention for structural heart disease and Chapter 36
introduces the readers to the new field of interventions with cell therapies. Chapter 3 7 provides an overview
of aortic endovascular grafting, while interventions for cardiac arrhythmias including epicardial access for
ventricular arrhythmias are outlined in Chapter 3 9 . In addition, all the other chapters in this section have
been updated and expanded according to the tremendous growth that has occurred in this field.
Throughout the textbook, particular effort has been made in referring the reader to available guide­
lines , providing summary tables , illustrations, and images, while maintaining the overall structure and
historical character of the textbook and a focus on how the field of cardiac catheterization has evolved since
the first invasive human cardiac catheterization was performed by Werner Forssmann on himself in 1 9 2 9 .
I hope that this eighth edition of the textbook will go beyond providing j u s t an update , and that it will elicit
in new and returning readers the same excitement that I developed for this field during my reading of the
fourth edition more than two decades ago . Finally, I hope that all the work of the contributing authors and
the long weekends and nights that went into this endeavor will ultimately benefit our patients .

Mauro Moscucci, MD, MBA

Miami, Florida

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 Preface
to the Website to the Eighth Edition

The current (eighth) edition of Grossman and Bairn's provides a companion website that contains 1 7 1 cases
covering a broad range of classic findings , specific procedures (including percutaneous valve and other new
therapies) , and anomalies and complications . Following the structure of the prior edition, the cases include
a summary of important teaching points and references to the particular chapters in the printed textbook.
Most cases from the prior edition have been retained, and the contributions of Donald Bairn and Jeffrey
Popma in providing several of those cases are kindly acknowledged. The new cases reflect the new chap­
ters and the updates to other chapters that have been included in this eighth edition. I believe that from
a learning perspective there is nothing more valuable than the ability to review real images of procedures,
complications, and bailout techniques. Thus, the readers are encouraged to review these cases to enhance
their learning experience from this eighth edition.
Readers should also feel free to use the material included in the website for educational purposes such
as teaching conferences and presentations at meetings , with acknowledgment of the source.

Mauro Moscucci

XIII
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najafidm
 Acknowledgments

First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Donald Bairn and Dr. William Grossman for their charismatic
mentorship and guidance during my 2 years of training at the Beth Israel Hospital in Boston in the early
1 990s, and for their continued friendship and support during the following decades. I would also like to
thank Fran DeStefano , who in her role as the Acquisitions Editor of prior editions provided incredible
support while we were shaping and planning this eighth edition; in addition, I would like to thank julie
Goolsby, who following Fran's retirement has continued to provide the same enthusiastic support in her
role as Acquisitions Editor, and Leanne Vandetty for her outstanding assistance and patience as the Product
Manager. Finally, I am extremely grateful to all the authors and to the many colleagues and friends who
have contributed to this textbook during the past three decades.

XV
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najafidm
 Contents

Contributors vii
Preface to the Eighth Edition xi
Preface to the Website to the Eighth Edition xiii
Acknowledgments xv

SECTION I GENERAL PRINCIPLES 1

1. Cardiac CatheterizationHistory and Current Practice Standards 1
Mauro Moscucci

2. Cineangiographic Imaging, Radiation Safety, and ContrastAgents 17

Stephen Balter and Mauro Moscucci

3. IntegratedImaging Modalities in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory 44

Robert A. Ouaife and John D. Carroll

4. Complications 77
Mauro Moscucci

5. Adjunctive Pharmacology for Cardiac Catheterization 106

Kevin Croce and Daniel l. Simon

SECTION II BASIC TECHNIQUES 139

6. PercutaneousApproach, lncludingTransseptal andApical Puncture 139
Claudia A. Martinez and Mauro Moscucci

7. RadialArteryApproach 170
Mauricio G. Cohen and Sunil V. Rao

8. CutdownApproach: Brachial, Femoral, Axillary, Aortic andTransapical 191

Ronald P. Caputo, G. Randall Green, and William Grossman

9. Diagnostic Catheterization in Childhood andAdult Congenital Heart Disease 208

Gabriele Egidy Assenza, James E. Lock, and Michael J. Landzberg

SECTION Ill HEMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES 223

10. Pressure Measurement 223
Mauro Moscucci and William Grossman

11. Blood Flow Measurement: Cardiac Output andVascular Resistance 245

Mauro Moscucci and William Grossman

12. Shunt Detection and Quantification 261

William Grossman and Mauro Moscucci

13. Calculation of StenoticValve OrificeArea 272

Blase A. Carabello and William Grossman

XVII
najafidm
 XVIII Contents

14. Pitfalls in the Evaluation ofHemodynamic Data 284

Zoltan G. Turi

SECTION IV ANGIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES 295

15. CoronaryAngiography 295
Mauro Moscucci

16. CoronaryArteryAnomalies 335

Paolo Angelini and Jorge Monge

17. CardiacVentriculography 354

Mauro Moscucci and Robert C. Hendel

18. PulmonaryAngiography 370

Kyung Cho and Nils Kucher

19. Angiography of theAorta and Peripheral Arteries 399

Michael R. Jaff, John Rundback, and Kenneth Rosenfield

SECTION V EVALUATION OF CARDIAC FUNCTION 43 1

20. StressTesting During Cardiac Catheterization: Exercise, Pacing,
and Dobutamine Challenge 431
William Grossman and Mauro Moscucci

21. Measurement ofVentricularVolumes, Ej ection Fraction,

Mass, Wall Stress, and RegionalWall Motion 456
Michael A. Fifer and William Grossman

22. Evaluation of Systolic and Diastolic Function of theVentricles

and Myocardium 467
William Grossman and Mauro Moscucci

23. Evaluation ofTamponade, Constrictive, and Restrictive Physiology 489

Mauro Moscucci and Barry A. Bar/aug

SECTION VI SPECIAL CATHETER TECHNIQUES 505

24. Evaluation of Myocardial and Coronary Blood Flow
and Metabolism 505
Morton J. Kern and Michael J. Lim

25. Intravascular lmagingTechniques 545

Yasuhiro Honda, Peter J. Fitzgerald, and Paul G. Yock

26. Endomyocardial Biopsy 576

Sandra V. Chaparro and Mauro Moscucci

27. Percutaneous Circulatory Support: Intra-aortic Balloon Counterpulsation,

ImpelIa, TandemHeart, and Extracorporeal Bypass 601
Daniel Burkhoff, Mauro Moscucci, and Jose P.S. Henriques

SECTION VII INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES 627

28. Percutaneous BalloonAngioplasty andGeneral Coronary Intervention 627
Abhiram Prasad and David R. Holmes

29. Atherectomy, T hrombectomy, and Distal Protection Devices 665

Robert N. Piana and Jeffrey J. Popma

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 Contents XIX

30. Intervention forAcute Myocardial Infarction 697

William O'Neill

31. Coronary Stenting 7 1 0

Ajay J . Kirtane and Gregg W Stone

32. General Overview ofInterventions for StructuralHeart Disease 760

Mauro Moscucci, John D. Carroll, and John G. Webb

33. PercutaneousT herapies forValvularHeart Disease 772

Ted Feldman and Mauro Moscucci

34. PeripheralIntervention 805

Mehdi H. Shishehbor and Samir R. Kapadia

35. Intervention for Pediatric andAdult CongenitalHeart Disease 838

Robert J. Sommer

36. Cardiac Cell-BasedT herapy: Methods ofApplication

and Delivery Systems 871
Joshua M. Hare, Arnon Blum, and Alan W Heldman

37. Aortic EndovascularGrafting 891

Arash Bornak, Gilbert R. Upchurch, and Omaida C. Velazquez

38. Pericardia! Interventions: Pericardiocentesis, Balloon Pericardiotomy,

and EpicardialApproach to Cardiac Procedures 904
Mauro Moscucci and Juan F. Viles-Gonzalez

39. Interventions for CardiacArrhythmias 921

Haris M. Haqqani and Francis E. Marchlinski

SECTION VIII CLINICAL PROFILES 943

40. Profiles inValvular Heart Disease 943
Ted Feldman, William Grossman, and Mauro Moscucci

41. Profiles in CoronaryArtery Disease 970

Robert N. Piana and Aaron Kugelmass

42. Profiles in PulmonaryHypertension and Pulmonary Embolism 991

Scott H. V isovatti and Val/erie V. Mc/aughlina

43. Profiles in Cardiomyopathy andHeart Failure 1 011

James C. Fang and Barry A. Borlaug

44. Profiles in Pericardia! Disease 1045

John F. Robb, Roger J. Laham, and Mauro Moscucci

45. Profiles in CongenitalHeart Disease 1060

Gabriele Egidy Assenza, Robert J. Sommer, and Michael J. Landzberg

46. Profiles in PeripheralArterial Disease 1078

Christopher J. White and Stephen R. Ramee

Index 1113

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 Website Contents

Coronary Angiography
CASE1 Coronary angiography-Simulated angiographic projection viewer
CASE2 Coronary angiography-Posterior LM origin, value of RAO caudal
CASE3 Coronary angiography-Superdominant RCA
CASE4 Coronary angiography-Separate ostia of the LAD and Cx

CASE5 Coronary angiography-Vascular left atrial myxoma

CASE6 Coronary angiography-Coronary ectasia
CASE7 Coronary angiography-Atherosclerotic coronary aneurysm
CASE8 Coronary angiography-Coronary aneurysm-Kawasaki-1
CASE9 Coronary angiography-Coronary aneurysm-Kawasaki-2
CASE10 Coronary angiography-Non-obstructive coronary disease
CASE11 Coronary angiography-Small coronary clot, use of pressure wire for borderline lesion
CASE1 2 Coronary angiography-Ostial left main and RCA lesions
CASE1 3 Coronary angiography-Lucent left main due to eccentric lesion
CASE1 4 Coronary angiography-Borderline left main-IVUS evaluation
CASE1 5 Coronary angiography-Muscle bridge
CASE1 6 Coronary angiography-Coronary spasm
CASE1 7 Coronary angiography-Coronary spasm post stent
CASE1 8 Coronary angiography-Catheter tip-induced spasm
CASE1 9 Coronary angiography-Pleating artifact-RCA
CASE20 Coronary angiography-Pleating artifact-LAD
CASE21 Coronary angiography-Spontaneous and catheter-induced dissections
CASE22 Coronary angiography-Left main dissection-stent rescue
CASE23 Coronary angiography-Bridging collaterals
CASE24 Coronary angiography-Kugel collateral
CASE25 Coronary angiography-Vieussens collateral
CASE26 Coronary angiography-LAD collaterals

Coronary Ano m a l ies

CASE27 Coronary anomalies-Anomalous high anterior origin of RCA
CASE28 Coronary anomalies-Anomalous Cx from the RCA-1
CASE29 Coronary anomalies-Anomalous Cx from RCA-2
CASE30 Coronary anomalies-Anomalous left coronary from RCA
CASE31 Coronary anomalies-Coronary fistula
CASE32 Coronary anomalies-anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the "opposite"
sinus of Valsalva (ACAOS)- IVUS
CASE33 Coronary Anomalies-Dedicated Catheter for cannulation of ACAOS
CASE34 Coronary anomalies-left coronary to coronary sinus fistula.
CASE35 Coronary anomalies-Myocardial bridge - IVUS

XXI
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XXII Website Contents

Left Ventriculography
1cASE36 LeftVentriculography-Cardiomyopathy
CASE37 LeftVentriculography- Lateral Ml with mitral regurgitation
1CASE38 LeftVentriculography- LV aneurysm with remodeling
CASE39 LeftVentriculography-True aneurysm
CASE40 LeftVentriculography-Pseudoaneurysm
1CASE41 LeftVentriculography-Post-M I VSD
CASE42 LeftVentriculography-Post-MI VSD-StarFiex closure
CASE43 LeftVentriculography-Tako-tsubo-1

1CASE44 LeftVentriculography-Tako-tsubo-2

CASE45 LeftVentriculography-Obstructive HCM - alcohol septal ablation

CASE46 LeftVentriculography-Mitral valve prolapse
�SE47 LeftVentriculography-Papillary muscle rupture

Aorta and Aortic Va lve

leASE48 Aorta and aortic valve-Aortic dissection
CASE49 Aorta and aortic valve-Aortic dissection-2
CASE50 Aorta and aortic valve-Traumatic aortic transection

1CASE51 Aorta and aortic valve-Aortic dissection fenestration

CASE52 Aorta and aortic valve-Right sinus of Valsalva aneurysm
CASE53 Aorta and aortic valve-Left sinus of Valsalva aneurysm
1CASE54 Aorta and aortic valve-Aortic regurgitation
CASE55 Aorta and aortic valve-Peri-valve aortic regurgitation
CASE56 Aorta and aortic valve-Aortic stenosis-crossing issues
1CASE57 Aorta and aortic valve-Cinefluoroscopy of mechanical valves
CASE58 Aorta and aortic valve-Balloon aortic valvuloplasty
CASE59 Aorta and aortic valve-Percutaneous aortic valve replacement-Edwards-Sapien

I valve - antegrade transseptal approach

CASE60 Aorta and aortic valve-Percutaneous aortic valve replacement - Edwards-Sapien

valve - retrograde approach

CASE61 Aorta and aortic valve-Percutaneous aortic valve replacement-Corevalve

CASE62 Aorta and aortic valve-Aortic coarctation stent repair
CASE63 Aorta and aortic valve-Patent Ductus Arteriosus-Amplatz closure
1CASE64 Aorta and aortic valve-Patent DuctussArteriosus-coil closure

M itra l Va lve
fASE65 Mitral Valve- Transseptal Puncture
1CASE66 Mitral valve-Balloon mitral valvotomy
CASE67 Mitral Valve-Edge to edge repair-evalve
CASE68 Mitral valve-Annuloplasty approaches
�SE69 Mitral Valve-Mechanical valve thrombosis

Perica rdium
1CASE70 Pericardium-Heart border in tamponade
CASE71 Pericardium-Pericardiocentesis
CASE72 Pericardium-Balloon pericardiotomy
1CASE73 Pericardium-Pericardia! approach to the epicardium

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 Website Contents XXIII

Pulmonary
CASE74 Pulmonary-Congenital valvular pulmonic stenosis
CASE75 Pulmonary-Pulmonary Embolus
CASE76 Pulmonary-Selective balloon pulmonary angio
CASE77 Pulmonary-IVC Filters

Congenital
CASE78 Congenital-Coil closure of pulmonary AV fistula
CASE79 Congenital-Patent foramen ovale, and RV biopsy from below

CASE80 Atrial Septal Defect closure

CASE81 Congenitai-VSD- AR, RVH
CASE82 Congenitai-Mustard Baffle Obstruction

Noninvasive Angiography
CASE83 Noninvasive angiography-magnetic resonance
CASE84 Noninvasive angiography-computerized tomography

IVU S
CASE85 IVUS-Basics
CASE86 IVUS-Hematoma
CASE87 IVUS-Incomplete Stent Apposition
CASE88 IVUS-Left M ain Assessment
CASE89 IVUS-Piaque Assessment

Stents
CASE90 Stent issues-Ostial Cx plaque shift
CASE91 Stent issues-Origin LAD stent
CASE92 Stent issues-ex bifurcation stent crush
CASE93 Stent issues-Bifurcation kissing stents
CASE94 Stent issues- Left Main stent-alternative approaches
CASE95 Stent issues-Force-focused angioplasty approaches
CASE96 Stent issues-Re-stenting of stent margin restenosis
CASE97 Stent issues-Restenosis of Kissing left main stent
CASE98 Stent issues-Failures of crush and T-stent for bifurcations

Post CABG
CASE99 Post-CABG-Engagement of LIMA and SVG to RCA
CASE100 Post-CABG-LAD endarterectomy with LIMA touchdown stenosis
CASE101 Post-CABG-SVG venous valve
CASE102 Post CABG-Ostial lesion in grafted OM
CASE103 Post CABG-Complex native intervention for graft failure
CASE104 Post-CABG-LIM A stent
CASE105 Post-CABG-Percusurge embolic protection
CASE106 Post CABG-FilterWire embolic protection
CASE107 Post CABG-Proxis embolic protection

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XXIV Website Contents

CASE108 Post-CABG-Rapid progression of SVG disease

CASE109 Post-CABG-Total occlusion of SVG
l
eASE110 Post-CABG-Complex SVG lesion
�SE111 Post-CABG-SVG no-reflow
CASE11 2 Post-CABG-Native vessel no reflow
CASE11 3 Post-CABG-total native LAD instead of SVG
1CASE11 4 Post-CABG-Fistula from SVG to coronary sinus

Tota l Occlusion
CASE11 5 Total occlusion-Conventional stiff wires
CASE11 6 Total occlusion-ILT SafeCross wire
CASE11 7 Total occlusion in stent restenosis-Lumend
1CASE118 Total occlusion-Retrograde approach

Th rombus
leASE119 T hrombus-SVG AngioJet
CASE1 20 T hrombus-Thrombectomy and atherectomy animations
CASE1 21 T hrombus-AMI AngioJet for large thrombus

1CASE1 22 T hrombus-Primary PCI, with in stent restenosis

Atherectomy
1cASE1 23 Atherectomy-Calcified LAD, Rotablator, balloon withdrawal issue
CASE1 24 Atherectomy-Rotablator of calcified LAD
CASE1 25 Atherectomy-Rotablator of calcified RCA
1CASE1 26 Atherectomy-Calcified ostial LAD Rota

Com plications
leASE1 27 Complications-Coronary angio dye stain-VF

1CASE1 28 Complications-Coronary air embolism

CASE1 29 Complications-Massive fatal coronary air embolism
CASE1 30 Complications-Guiding catheter dissection into sinus of Valsalva
1CASE1 31 Complications-Left sinus of Valsalva dissection
CASE1 32 Complications-DCA left main dissection-stented
CASE1 33 Complications-LAD perforation-covered stent
1CASE1 34 Complications-Left main perforation
CASE1 35 Complications-Subacute stent thrombosis,lretroperitoneal bleed
CASE1 36 Complications-Thrombus on the guidewire
1CASE1 37 Complications-Retrieval of fractured pacemaker lead
CASE1 38 Complications-Early post-CABG misadventures
CASE1 39 Complications-Cerebral embolus-Neurovascular rescue
1CASE1 40 Complications-Fractured IVC Filter

Vascu lar Access

1cASE1 41 Vascular access-General issues
1CASE1 42 Vascular access-Calcified femoral, occluded iliacs, radial catheterization

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 Website Contents XXV

CASE1 43 Vascular access-Femoral tips and misadventures

CASE1 44 Vascular access-High stick-retroperitoneal bleed
CASE1 45 Vascular access-Hypogastric artery laceration vs. ureter
CASE1 46 Vascular access-Iliac laceration
CASE1 47 Vascular access-Femoral arterio-venous fistula
CASE1 48 Vascular access-Thrombin injection of femoral pseudoaneurysm
CASE1 49 Vascular access-Puncture of an AO-bifemoral graft
CASE1 50 Vascular access-Groin Closure Animations
CASE1 51 Vascular access-Thrombosis of an AngioSeal site

Peripheral
CASE1 52 Peripheral-Renal artery stent-1
CASE1 53 Peripheral-Renal artery stent-2
CASE1 54 Peripherai-CHF with renal and subclavian stenosis
CASE1 55 Peripheral-Renal accessory artery stent
CASE1 56 Peripheral-Renal transplant stent
CASE1 57 Peripheral-Renal fibromuscular dysplasia
CASE1 58 Peripheral-Iliac and Subclavian interventions
CASE1 59 Peripheral-Subclavian occlusion with steal
CASE1 60 Peripheral-Total occlusion of subclavian-! LT wire
CASE1 61 Peripheral-Carotid Case 1
CASE1 62 Peripheral-Carotid case 2

CASE1 63 Peripheral-Carotid Case 3

CASE1 64 Peripherai-SFA Intervention 1
CASE1 65 Peripheral-! nfra-popliteal atherectomy

I nteg rated Imaging Modalities

CASE1 66 Integrated imaging modalities-Coronary artery disease: use of pre-procedure CTA
for challenging coronary graft anatomy

CASE1 67 Integrated imaging modalities-Congenital heart disease: pulmonic stenosis - use

of C-Arm CTA and ICE totoptimize placement of
valvuloplasty balloon andtdetect unsuspected ASD

CASE1 68 Integrated imaging modalities-Congenital heart disease: secundumlatrial septal

defect - CTA pre-procedural planning with transcath­
eter closure image guidance using realtime 3D TEE

CASE1 69 Integrated imaging modalities-Valvular heart disease: mitral stenosis procedural

guidance using real-time 3D TEE.

CASE1 70 Integrated imaging modalities-Valvular heart disease: aortic stenosis; CTA pre-
planning and 3D model generation prior to TAVR.

CASE1 71 Integrated imaging modalities-Valvular heart disease: Preplanning and image guid-
ance of peri-valvular leak closure
1

najafidm
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