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THE HISTORY OF SCOTTISH THEOLOGY
The History of Scottish Theology, Volume I
Celtic Origins to Reformed Orthodoxy
The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II
The Early Enlightenment to the Late Victorian Era
The History of Scottish Theology, Volume III
The Long Twentieth Century
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
Edited by
DAVID FERGUSSON
and
MARK W. ELLIOTT
1
3
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP,
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It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship,
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© Oxford University Press 2019
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First Edition published in 2019
Impression: 1
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Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and
for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials
contained in any third party website referenced in this work.
Acknowledgements
We wish to record our thanks to several people who have assisted with the
production of this three-volume work. Dr Sandy Forsyth has provided valuable
support with contracts, organization of conferences, and regular communication
with authors. As associate editor, he has contributed much to this project and we
are greatly indebted to him for his labours. Initial copy editing was undertaken by
Dr Cory Brock, Revd Craig Meek, and Dr Laura Mair. The indexes were prepared
by Richard Brash, PhD student at New College, who also provided valuable
support with proof reading. Three conferences were held which enabled contribu-
tors to present initial drafts of their work; these were held in 2016–17 at Princeton
Theological Seminary and New College, Edinburgh with financial support from
the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council. We are also grateful to the
members of the Editorial Advisory Board for their advice and encouragement,
particularly during the early stages of the project.
Gary D. Badcock is the Peache Professor of Divinity at Huron University College, Western
University in London, Ontario. He studied in Edinburgh (BD 1987; PhD 1991), and taught
Systematic Theology at the Universities of Aberdeen and Edinburgh the 1990s, latterly as
Meldrum Lecturer in Dogmatic Theology at New College. He has, among other works,
previously published on the Edinburgh theological tradition in general, and on John
McIntyre in particular.
Linden Bicket is Senior Teaching Fellow in Theology and Ethics at the University of
Edinburgh. She is the author of George Mackay Brown and the Scottish Catholic Imagin-
ation (2017).
Ian Bradley is Emeritus Professor of Cultural and Spiritual History at the University of St
Andrews where he taught church history and practical theology from 1999 to 2017. He was
Principal of St Mary’s College, St Andrews, from 2013 to 2017. He is the author of over forty
books, including six on the theme of Celtic Christianity, the most recent of which is
Following the Celtic Way (2018). A regular broadcaster and contributor to national news-
papers, he is currently deeply involved in the promotion of pilgrimage in Scotland.
David Brown is Emeritus Professor of Theology, Aesthetics and Culture at the University of
St Andrews and was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2002. Two recent volumes
assess his work: Christopher R. Brewer (ed.), Christian Theology and the Transformation of
Natural Religion: From Incarnation to Sacramentality (2018); Garrick W. Allen et al. (eds.),
The Moving Text: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on David Brown and the Bible (2018).
Cairns Craig is Glucksman Professor of Irish and Scottish Studies at the University of
Aberdeen. Among his books dealing with the Scottish intellectual tradition are Intending
Scotland: Explorations in Scottish Culture since the Enlightenment (2009) and The Wealth of
the Nation: Scotland, Culture, Independence (2018). His books on Scottish literature include
Out of History (1997) and The Modern Scottish Novel (1999). He was general editor of the
four-volume History of Scottish Literature (1987) and is an editor of The Journal of Scottish
Thought and The Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies.
David Fergusson is Professor of Divinity at the University of Edinburgh. A Fellow of the
British Academy and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, he has published Faith
and Its Critics (2009), based on his Glasgow Gifford Lectures (2008). His most recent book
is The Providence of God: A Polyphonic Approach (2018).
Marlene Finlayson is an independent researcher, with a degree of Master of Theology with
Distinction in Inter-Faith Studies (University of Glasgow) 2009, and a PhD in Church
History (University of Edinburgh) 2015. Her research has been published as A Prophetic
Voice: David Smith Cairns (1862–1946) (2018). It is an intellectual biography of this
Scottish minister, academic, and writer, who made a significant contribution to the
x
science–religion debates of his day, and to Edinburgh 1910, and published the Army and
Religion report that followed the First World War. Her main area of interest is the history of
the relationship of the Church of Scotland and the different world religions.
Alexander (Sandy) Forsyth is T. F. Torrance Lecturer in Theology and Mission at New
College, University of Edinburgh. His book Mission by the People: Re-discovering the
Dynamic Missiology of Tom Allan and his Scottish Contemporaries (2017) sought to derive
principles for mission by an historical retrieval of the post-war period in Scotland, viewed
through the lens of present-day missiology. His research interests lie in practical theology,
particularly in missiology, pioneer ministry and church planting, and in faith, church, and
society in Scotland.
Doug Gay is a Lecturer in Practical Theology at the University of Glasgow, where he is also
Principal of Trinity College. He is the author of Honey from the Lion: Christianity and the
Ethics of Nationalism (2013) and Reforming the Kirk: The Future of the Church of Scotland
(2017).
Jason A. Goroncy is Senior Lecturer in Systematic Theology at Whitley College, University
of Divinity, Australia. He is the author of Hallowed be Thy Name: The Sanctification of All
in the Soteriology of P. T. Forsyth (2013), and has edited Descending on Humanity and
Intervening in History: Notes from the Pulpit Ministry of P. T. Forsyth (2013), and Tikkun
Olam—To Mend the World: A Confluence of Theology and the Arts (2014).
Gordon Graham was Professor of Philosophy and the Arts at Princeton Theological
Seminary from 2006 to 2018, having previously taught at the Universities of St Andrews
and Aberdeen. He now lives in Edinburgh and is General Editor of Oxford University
Press’s History of Scottish Philosophy, and edited the volume on Scottish Philosophy in the
Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (2015) in the series.
Adam Hood is a parish minister of the Church of Scotland and an Honorary Research
Fellow of the Queen’s Foundation for Ecumenical Theological Education, Birmingham. He
has published books and articles focusing on the work of John Baillie, John Oman, and John
Macmurray.
Bruce L. McCormack is the Charles Hodge Professor of Systematic Theology at Princeton
Theological Seminary. He is the recipient of the Karl Barth Prize in 1998 and an honorary
doctorate from the Friedrich Schiller University Jena in 2004 for his book Karl Barth’s
Critically Realistic Dialectical Theology (1995). He is currently the Frederick Crosson Fellow
in the Center for Philosophy of Religion (Notre Dame) working on a Reformed version of
kenotic Christology for Cambridge University Press under the title The Humility of the
Eternal Son.
William McFadden is a priest of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Galloway in South West
Scotland. After studying at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome and at Fordham
University in New York, he taught Fundamental Theology and Systematic Theology in
Scotus College, the National Seminary in Scotland, where he was rector from 2003 to 2008.
He has contributed to various publications and periodicals.
xi
Paul D. Molnar is Professor of Systematic Theology at St. John’s University, Queens, New
York. Most recently, he has published Divine Freedom and the Doctrine of the Immanent
Trinity: In Dialogue with Karl Barth and Contemporary Theology, 2nd edition (2017), Faith,
Freedom and the Spirit: The Economic Trinity in Barth, Torrance and Contemporary
Theology (2015), and Thomas F. Torrance: Theologian of the Trinity (2009).
George M. Newlands is Professor Emeritus of Divinity in the University of Glasgow. He has
published widely in theology, including John and Donald Baillie: Transatlantic Theology
(2002), Christ and Human Rights (2006), and Hospitable God (with Allen Smith, 2010).
Paul T. Nimmo holds the King’s (1620) Chair of Systematic Theology at the University of
Aberdeen. His monograph, Being in Action: The Theological Shape of Barth’s Ethical Vision,
was awarded a John Templeton Award for Theological Promise in 2009, and he has more
recently published Barth: A Guide for the Perplexed (2017), co-edited The Cambridge
Companion to Reformed Theology (with David Fergusson, 2016), and edited the church
resource Learn: Understanding Our Faith (2017).
Lesley Orr is a historian and Honorary Fellow of the School of Divinity, University of
Edinburgh. Her academic, policy, and third sector work has encompassed history, theology,
feminism, and gender justice. Research has focused on women in the nineteenth- and
twentieth-century Scottish church, empire and civil society, war resistance and peace
movements, and gender-based violence. Her publications include ‘A Unique and Glorious
Mission’: Women and Presbyterianism in Scotland 1830 –1930 (2000) and (with Breitenbach
et al.) Scottish Women: A Documentary History 1789–1914 (2013).
George Pattison is Professor of Theology and Modern European Thought at the University
of Glasgow. He was a parish priest in the Church of England for thirteen years prior to
holding posts in the Universities of Cambridge, Aarhus, and Oxford. He is a visiting
professor at the University of Copenhagen and has been a Fellow of the Max Weber Centre
for Advanced Cultural and Social Research. He has published extensively on modern
theology, particularly with regard to the role of German Idealism and its critics. His
books include Kierkegaard and the Quest for Unambiguous Life (2013), Paul Tillich’s
Philosophical Theology (2015), and he has co-edited The Oxford Handbook of Kierkegaard
(2013) and The Oxford Handbook of Theology and Modern European Thought (2013).
Alison Peden was a Fellow of St Hilda’s College, Oxford, and now serves as Canon of
St Ninian’s Cathedral, Perth and Rector of St Modoc’s Church, Doune. As an historian of
xii
John Riches held the Chair of Divinity and Biblical Criticism at Glasgow University where
he taught from 1973 to 2003. He has written on the historical Jesus, Jesus and the
Transformation of Judaism (1980), on the Synoptic Gospels, Conflicting Mythologies
(2000), and on the reception history of Galatians, Galatians through the Centuries (2008).
He was one of the translators of Bultmann’s Gospel of John, editor of the translation of von
Balthasar’s Glory of the Lord, and worked closely with T&T Clark in the 1980s and 1990s,
editing the series Studies of the New Testament and its World. He is currently one of the
editors of the Expository Times. Since retirement he has had more time to pursue his
interests in development and fair trade and in 2009 founded a fair trade importing
company, Just Trading Scotland, which supports smallholder farmers in Africa and Asia.
Brian Stanley is Professor of World Christianity in the University of Edinburgh and from
2009–19 was Director of the Centre for the Study of World Christianity. He has published
widely on the history of Protestant missions and the growth of Christianity as a world
religion. His most recent book is Christianity in the Twentieth Century: A World History
(2018).
Carmina Gadelica, published as two volumes in 1900, is one of the most remark-
able Scottish books of its time: a luxury artwork with a price (three guineas) to
match, magnificently illustrated, expressly designed to remind readers of early
medieval illuminated manuscripts. Its contents are no less remarkable: 216
prayers, blessings, and charms recorded in the Highlands and printed in their
purportedly original Scottish Gaelic with facing English translations. The first
‘hymn’ offers a good illustration of Carmina’s style, dignified, polished, archaic,
and incantatory:
OLD people in the Isles sing this or some other short hymn before prayer.
Sometimes the hymn and the prayer are intoned in low tremulous unmeasured
cadences like the moving and moaning, the soughing and the sighing, of the ever-
murmuring sea on their own wild shores.
They generally retire to a closet, to an out-house, to the lee of a knoll, or to the
shelter of a dell, that they may not be seen nor heard of men. I have known men
and women of eighty, ninety, and a hundred years of age continue the practice of
their lives in going from one to two miles to the seashore to join their voices with
the voicing of the waves and their praises with the praises of the ceaseless sea.
Domhnall Uilleam Stiùbhart, The Theology of Carmina Gadelica In: The History of Scottish
Theology, Volume III. Edited by: David Fergusson and Mark W. Elliott, Oxford University Press
(2019). © Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198759355.003.0001
2
The first volume of Carmina has four sections: an extended biographical and
ethnographical introduction; Achaine/Invocations, prayers and blessings mainly
associated with rising and resting; Aimsire/Seasons, mostly items from the litur-
gical year; while blessings ensuring the achievement of various tasks are recorded
in Oibre/Labour. There are three parts to the second volume: a substantial
selection of healing and protective charms and associated plant lore—and a
handful of maledictions too—in Uibe/Incantations; an indiscriminate assortment
of hymns, omens, and stray verses in Measgain/Miscellaneous; and an extensive
lexicon of unusual words and meanings blended with historical and ethnographic
lore, rounded off with an annotated list of reciters. The world of Carmina is
imbued with a simple faith; dignified, pious, ancient verses now recited clandes-
tinely for fear of scorn and derision; long lives lived in harmony with nature.
The editor of Carmina Gadelica, Alexander Carmichael, claimed its subject
matter, vouchsafed to him by ‘rare and . . . reticent’ pious reciters throughout the
Highlands, reached back centuries: ‘the blending of the pagan and the Christian
religions in these poems . . . to many minds will constitute their chief charm’ (I,
xxix). For one reviewer, the precious contents ‘reveal strata upon strata of religious
belief and superstition, stretching back into pre-historic and ante-Christian times’
(Jolly 1900). Such assessments have been echoed ever since in enthusiastic
responses from readers across the Anglophone world. For them, the English
translations in Carmina represent primary source material revealing a long-
neglected ‘Celtic’ vision of Christianity, romantic, ecumenical, mystic, contem-
plative, egalitarian, and nature-oriented.² Nevertheless, Carmichael’s book raises
Scotland for healing man and beast’) (EUL CW MS 7 fo. 38v)—and unexpectedly
corroborated by evidence in a witchcraft trial of 1592:
it wes Auld Mackellar of Cruachan that lernit hir his charmis and that the said
M’Ellar lernit them at the pryoris of Icolmkill [Iona] . . . (MacPhail 1914: 166)³
³ See Bárth (2013); Pócs (2013); also Hyde (1906); Franz (1960).
5
returned to his native Black Isle. Family lore records that Mary was adopted for a
while by her uncle the Rev. Arthur Ranken, Episcopalian priest of Old Deer, with
whose daughters she attended the newly opened St Margaret’s Episcopal College
for Girls at Crieff, sister school of Trinity College, Glenalmond (Carmichael
1900–71: IV, xli–xlii). If she did so, it was for months rather than years: Mary is
recorded working as an innkeeper’s servant in Rosemarkie in the 1851 census.
A restless and rootless upbringing, punctuated by a series of catastrophes, helps
explain Mary’s later drive, resourcefulness, and strength of character.
One of the teachers at St Margaret’s was the clergyman scholar the Rev.
George Hay Forbes (1821–75); Mary appears in the 1861 census employed as a
schoolmistress living in Burntisland parsonage with Forbes and his wife.
Today, George Hay Forbes is best known for the Pitsligo Press, based in the
parsonage, which under his painstaking supervision issued an eclectic selection
of journals, polemical tracts, sermons, and above all high-quality liturgical
works distinguished by outstanding scholarship, free from misprints, and set
in a bewildering variety of fonts. Although Forbes employed a printer, he was
assisted in his work by several women compositors, as well, it seems, as the
older boys and girls of the Church school (Skene 1876; Perry 1927, 1939;
Carnie 1955–71; Primrose 1955–71; Strong 2004).
As a young woman, Mary MacBean was employed by a clergyman driven by an
obsessive interest in liturgy, spurred by the acrimonious controversy over the
Episcopalian Prayer Book between the ‘Scottish’ and ‘English’ wings of the church,
the latter headed by George Hay Forbes’ brother Bishop Alexander Penrose
Forbes (1817–75). Fundamental to this dispute were questions concerning the
missals used in the medieval Scottish church: was its liturgical tradition principally
influenced by the English church, or might some of its features derive from
Gallican and Greek models? The story of Scottish Episcopalian engagement with
the Oxford Movement is a complex one, but the influence of Tractarian ritualism
and veneration of pre-Reformation liturgies is clear (Nockles 1996; Strong 2002:
26–32, 235–63; Brown 2012: 61–71).
Mary MacBean lived in the parsonage while the brothers Forbes prepared for
the press their edition of the magnificently illustrated Arbuthnott Missal (1864),
the only complete service book known to survive from pre-Reformation Scotland,
prefaced by a panoramic survey of extant early medieval liturgies from Britain and
Ireland (Forbes 1864). It is surely significant that Alexander Carmichael later drew
spurious parallels between Arbuthnott’s patron saint, Ternan, and a supposed
Benbecula saint Torranan, in an extended essay in Carmina Gadelica (1900–71: II,
80–3). Carmichael draws directly upon this edition, as well as upon Bishop Forbes’
later Kalendar of Scottish Saints (1872), in notes he made on St Ronan probably
dating from early 1886 (EUL CW MS 120 fo. 86). In addition to editing work,
George Hay Forbes was committed to a Gaelic ministry for Highland Episcopa-
lians, establishing the Gaelic Tract Society ‘for the purpose of educating and
6
Some months previously, Carmichael had met Mary Frances MacBean; the couple
would marry in Edinburgh on 13 January the following year. The Molucca bean
was thus Anna MacIsaac’s wedding present to Alexander Carmichael. The numin-
ous object did not come by itself, however; it had an invocation attached,
described by Mrs MacIsaac as a laoidh or hymn:
This is to be said three times placing the Tearna to the lips and then in the hand of the
parturient woman who presses it hard in the palm of her hand while the child is being born (EUL
CW MS 87 fos. 17r–v).5
Given the importance of Mary Carmichael’s later charitable work in allowing her
husband access to some of his best informants from the very poorest stratum of island
society—such interactions effectively initiating him into a particular ‘gift economy’,
obtaining charms for charity—it is revealing to see how even before marriage their
relationship enabled him to record such items. Again, bearing in mind Alexander
Carmichael’s extensive ‘re-creation’ of such invocations in his Carmina Gadelica
volumes, it is telling that the very first charm he recorded came with variants.
Over the following decade, as a well-known figure in local communities and a
respectable married family man with a wife heavily involved in local charity work,
Alexander Carmichael was able to record from islanders personal, private, even
confidential material such as blessings, prayers, charms, and incantations, items
sometimes inaccessible to outside collectors. His interest was piqued by news-
paper columns written on the subject by his friend the Rev. Alexander Stewart
(1829–1901), ‘Nether-Lochaber’, as well as a relocation of his growing family to
Ìochdar in South Uist, then to Creag Goraidh in Benbecula, by the South Ford: an
⁵ See also EUL CW MSS 7 fo. 36v; 116 fo. 6; and Carmichael (1900–71: I, 70–1).
8
I have always thought that a faithful account of these charms and incantations
would be interesting, and, properly considered, mayhap instructive. I have not
hitherto however, felt myself equal to the task congenial to me of giving them to
the public, although many scores, if not hundreds of them, lie scattered up and
down my manuscripts among masses of other rubbish . . . . These mystical beliefs
and observances with their hoary origin far back the stream of time, probably
contain interest possibly wisdom, had we only the industry of the bee to seek and
extract their treasures. (EUL CW MS 230 fo. 176)
If not ‘many scores’, far less hundreds, during his posting to the Hebrides
Alexander Carmichael nevertheless managed to collect at least sixty specific
charm texts, as well as numerous other prayers and blessings: a remarkable
store. Barely a year after drafting the piece above, Carmichael left the islands for
good, moving to a new excise post in Edinburgh. Henceforth he would do
fieldwork either during summer expeditions or through correspondents.
* * * * *
In November 1878 the brother of the novelist Felicia Skene, the historian William
Forbes Skene (1809–92), recruited Alexander Carmichael to compose a chapter on
traditional agricultural practices surviving in the Hebrides for the third ‘Land and
People’ volume of his tour-de-force Celtic Scotland. Through his excise work,
Carmichael collected agricultural returns; through his fieldwork, he knew commu-
nity history. The resulting account was of crucial importance for his later career
(Skene 1876–80: III, 378–93). A document dating from the early 1890s in the archive
of the Gaelic scholar Alexander Macbain claims that Carmichael’s paper for Skene:
was the means of turning the late Lord Napier’s attention to the condition of the
Crofters as well as of increasing his interest in measures which have greatly
alleviated their burdens. (EUL CW MS 510 n.f.)
9
When, three years later, Napier was nominated to chair the parliamentary Royal
Commission of Inquiry into the Condition of Crofters and Cottars in the High-
lands and Islands, he wrote to Carmichael asking him to compile a similar paper
for the Commission’s Report. Carmichael recapped his previous piece, adding, at
Napier’s request, two prayers, two charm blessings, two milking songs, and a love
song: very unorthodox adjuncts in a parliamentary paper (Carmichael 1884:
452–82). These items underlined the eirenic message of Carmichael’s ‘Grazing
and agrestic customs’: islanders had the strength and refinement of character to
govern themselves.
Carmichael’s account provided an unexpected spiritual oasis in what proved a
very contentious report. Whatever their political beliefs, readers could agree upon
the allure of the gracious verses presented by Carmichael:
At the last meeting of the Crofter Royal Commission, the members discussed the
various papers that had come before them. “Some praised one paper and some
another”, said Professor Mackinnon, “but there was only one opinion among us
all that your paper, Mr. Carmichael, is the paper of the Commission – a paper
which live as long as the English language lasts. I was asked to tell you this, and to
thank you for it”. (EUL CW MS 510 n.f.)
The discreetly diplomatic route that Carmichael had chosen for his submission,
stressing islanders’ innate piety, cooperation, and self-regulation, in contradistinc-
tion to common prejudices depicting Highlanders as barbaric, uncouth, and slavish
in their esteem for authority and tradition, was a powerful one. But adopting this
approach entailed losses as well as gains. Against his friends’ counsel, Carmichael
eschewed an active role in the crofters’ struggle. Rather, he became an advocate and
mediator of Gaelic culture to English-speaking audiences.
On 24 December 1888 Alexander Carmichael delivered to the recently formed
Gaelic Society of Glasgow perhaps the most important paper of his career: ‘Old
Uist Hymns’, an extension of his Napier Commission paper (Carmichael
1887–91). The article was composed at a time of hectic debate concerning radical
land redistribution, when it seemed as if the Free Church, who had recently held
their General Assembly in Inverness, might adopt a leading role advocating the
cause of Highland crofters and cottars (Cameron 1996:47–56, 62–76; MacColl
2006: 179–211; Newby 2007: 146–62). Carmichael’s refined Uist verses suited the
cause: not only for their literary value but also—at a time when the Highland
congregations of the Free Church were widely charged with bigotry, dogmatism,
and Sabbatarianism—to illustrate how, for their composers, religion ‘was not
intended merely for church on Sundays, but was one continued round of religious
aspirations, from the time when they woke till they sought repose at night’
(Carmichael 1887–91: 46).
10
⁶ For Yeats’ contemporaneous Celtic Mystical Order project, see Foster (1998–2003: I, 101–7, 186–7,
196–7); and Kalogera (1977).
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hänelle ja tuo samassa rosmarinia ja myrtin oksia takkamme
seppelöimiseksi."
Kohta kun hän oli nähnyt Semestren uhrin, oli hän kiiruhtanut
kotiin, ehtiäksensä omallansa ennen häntä ja voittaaksensa
jumalattaren sydämmen ennen kuin hän nuorelle herrallensa.
Suuri ajatus heräsi hänessä ja hän oli ihan varmaan hyvin iloinen
siitä, sillä hänen silmänsä alkoivat loistaa, suunsa rypistyi
muhoilevaisesti ja hän näytti aivan satyrilta, joka lähestytti huulillensa
viinitarhan täysintä ja kypsintä viinirypälettä.
"Niin, se on oikein!"
Pieni sika röhki silloin niin valittavasti, kuin huomaisi se, että siltä
anastettaisiin sen koristus ja tultaisiin liian lähelle sen kauneutta.
Kun Iason kohta sen jäljestä pani pojan avulla nuo nauhat omaan
laihaan porsaasensa, ei se tullut sittenkään kauniimmaksi eikä
näyttänyt ylpeemmältä kuin ennenkään, sillä ei se ollut juuri mikään
onnellinen pieni sika ja oli tajuamaton jaloille lahjoille.
Käynti merelle.
"No?"
Joka kerran kuin Xanthe vaan käytti sitä, pysyi hän lujana
tahdossansa ja teki, mitä itse tahtoi; mutta Semestre, joka ei
tavallisesti koskaan myöntänyt, ett'ei hänen kuulonsa ollut
samanlainen kuin aikaisempina vuosina, käytti mielellään
semmoisissa tilaisuuksissa kuurouttansa hyväksensä, välttääksensä
viisaasti peräytymistä.
Sen sijaan, että olisi astunut alas merelle, kulki hän kokonaan
noitten ristiriitaisten tunteitten hänen rinnassansa riehuessa aivan
suoraan, siksi kuin hän saavutti suuren maatilalle vievän portin.
"Anna anteeksi, jos minä sen tein", vastasi toinen, "mutta minä
tahdoin sinulle sanoa, että minä tietäisin kenties neuvoa sinun
isällesi. Kototienoossani…"
"Mistä sinä olet kotoisin?
"Messenestä."
"Minun kanani."
Hän itse oli silloin vielä kuulunut lasten joukkoon, mutta Phaon oli
silloin jo ollut iso poika.
"Minun oli niin hyvä", oli Xanthe niiskuttanut, mutta hän oli vaan
nyykäyttänyt päätänsä eikä, hyvinkin neljännes-tunnin kuluttua,
mitään muuta sanonut kuin: "Ja minun myös."
"Niin, kuka?"
Kun Phaon silloin yhä jäi samaan asentoon, nousi Xanthe ylös,
lähestyi häntä, veti arasti häntä takista ja sanoi:
Phaon oli niin tottunut aina olemaan käsillä, jos oli kysymys
parantaa jotain tuon pienokaisen leikkikaluissa, että hän seurasi
häntä, ja myöskin seuraavina päivinä antoi tytön käskeä häntä
moniin asioihin, joihin hänen ei olisikaan tehnyt mieli.
Kun hän nyt seisoi hiljaa hautapatsaalla, muisteli hän sitä hetkeä,
jona hän oli lohduttanut Phaonia, ja huolenpitoansa häntä kohtaan,
ja että kaikki oli nyt kuitenkin ollut turhaa, sillä huilunsoittajanaisten
kanssa vietti hän nyt yöt.
Kun hänen oli täytynyt itkeä tänään lähteellä, arveli hän nyt, ett'ei
hän ollut itkenyt tuon vieraan Messeneläisen neidon tähden, ei,
hänen silmiinsä oli muka tunkeutunut ainoastaan semmoisia
kyyneleitä, jommoisia äiti vuodattaa harhateille joutuneen poikansa
tähden.
Hänestä hän tuntui sangen arvokkaalta ja olisi pitänyt sen aivan
luonnollisena, jos harmaat hiukset olisivat koristaneet vaaleitten
sijaan hänen tuskin seitsemäntoistavuotista pientä päätänsä.
Kaiken tämän ohessa oli hänellä vaan vähän aikaa ajatella uutta
kosijaa, ensinhän oli kysymys rikkoa vanha jumalankuva, mutta
jokainen vasaranlyönti koski hänelle niin kovin, kuin olisi hän vienyt
sitä itseänsä vastaan.
Vastaus.
Ei.
Se oli Phaon!
Hän olisi sen tiennyt, vaikkapa hän olisi nähnyt vaan kaksi sormea
hänestä!