Program Book

Community Service Project

AP STATE COUNCIL OF
HIGHER EDUCATION
(A STATUTORY BODY OF GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH)
 COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT REPORT
ON

“ PLANT DISEASE ”
Submitted in accordance with the requirement for the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by
K ARAVIND KUMAR-22F21A0409
Under the esteemed guidance of
Mr.M.B.Bheema Kumar M.Tech
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

GATES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Approved by A.I.C.T.E, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA&Accredited by NAAC- “A”)
N.H-44, Gooty, Anantapur (V), Anantapur (Dist), Gooty-515401, A.P
 COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT
Name of the student : K Aravind Kumar

Name of the college : Gates Institute of Technology

Registration Number : 22F21A0409

Period of CSP : 8 Weeks From13/05/2024 To 06/07/2024

Name of the Community : Plant Disease

Address of the Habitation : Anantapuram(M), Anantapuram (Dist),515401

 COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT REPORT
Submitted in accordance with the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Technology

Electronics & Communication Engineering

Name of the college : Gates Institute of Technology

Department : Electronics & Communication Engineering

Name of the Faculty Guide : Mr.M.B.Bheema Kumar

Duration of the CSP :8 Weeks From 13/05/2024 To 06/07/2024

Name of the Student : K Aravind Kumar

Programme of Study : PLANT DISEASE

Year of Study : II-II

Registration Number : 22F21A0409

Date of Submission : 08/07/2024

 STUDENT’S DECLARATION

K Aravind Kumar a student of Community Service Programme

Reg.No.22F21A0409 of the Department of Electronics & Communnication
Engineering,Gates Institute Of Technology College do here by declare that I
have completed the mandatory community service from 13/05/2024 to
06/07/2024 in surroundings of under the Faculty guideship Mr.M.B.Bheema
Kumar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering in Gates
Institute Of Technology,Gooty.

Endorsements:

Faculty Guide

Head of the Department

Principal
 Certificate from Official of the Community

This is to certify that K Aravind Kumar Reg.NO.22F21A0409 of Gates institute

of technology underwent community service in GOOTY from 13/05/2024 to
06/07/2024

The overall performance of the Community Service Volunteer during his/her

community service is found to be
……………….
(Satisfactory/Good).

Authorized Signatory with Date and Seal

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I K Aravind Kumar would like to express my profound gratitude to Mr.

M. B. Bheema Kumar, Department of Electronics & Communication
Engineering in Gates Institute of Technology. I would like to express my
special thanks to our mentor Mr.M.B.Bheema Kumar for him time and efforts
he provided throughout the period. Your useful advice and suggestions were
really helpful to me during the project’s completion. In this aspect, I am eternally
grateful to you.
I would like to thank you my HOD, Dr. Archek Praveen Kumar for
Providing me all facilities that are required to complete my overall CSP.
I would like to acknowledge that this project was completed entirely by
me and not by someone else.

Signature

Your Name
 CHAPTER 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Problem Statement:
One of the important sectors of Indian Economy is Agriculture.
Employment to almost 50% of the countries workforce is provided by Indian
agriculture sector. India is known to be the world's largest producer of pulses,
rice, wheat, spices and spice products. Farmer's economic growth depends on
the quality of the products that they produce, which relies on the plant's growth
and the yield they get. Therefore, in field of agriculture, detection of disease in
plants plays an instrumental role. Plants are highly prone to diseases that affect
the growth of the plant which in turn affects the ecology of the farmer. In order
to detect a plant disease at very initial stage, use of automatic disease detection
technique is advantageous. The symptoms of plant diseases are conspicuous in
different parts of a plant such as leaves, etc. Manual detection of plant disease
using leaf images is a tedious job. Hence, it is required to develop computational
methods which will make the process of disease detection and classification
using leaf images automatic
Plant disease, an impairment of the normal state of a plant that interrupts
or modifies its vital functions. All species of plants, wild and cultivated alike,
are subject to disease. Although each species is susceptible to characteristic
diseases, these are, in each case, relatively few in number. The occurrence and
prevalence of plant diseases vary from season to season, depending on the
presence of the pathogen, environmental conditions, and the crops and varieties
grown. Some plant varieties are particularly subject to outbreaks of diseases
while others are more resistant to them.
Plant diseases can be broadly classified according to the nature of their
primary causal agent, either infectious or noninfectious. Infectious plant diseases
are caused by a pathogenic organism such as a fungus, bacterium, mycoplasma,
virus, viroid, nematode, or parasitic flowering plant. An infectious agent is
capable of reproducing within or on its host and spreading from one susceptible
host to another. Noninfectious plant diseases are caused by unfavourable
growing conditions, including extremes of temperature, disadvantageous
relationships between moisture and oxygen, toxic substances in the soil or
atmosphere, and an excess or deficiency of an essential mineral.
 In nature, plants may be affected by more than one disease-causing agent
at a time. A plant that must contend with a nutrient deficiency or an imbalance
between soil moisture and oxygen is often more susceptible to infection by a
pathogen, and a plant infected by one pathogen is often prone to invasion by
secondary pathogens. The combination of all disease-causing agents that affect
a plant make up the disease complex. Knowledge of normal growth habits,
varietal characteristics, and normal variability of plants within a species—as
these relate to the conditions under which the plants are growing—is required
for a disease to be recognized.
Plant diseases are a normal part of nature and one of many ecological
factors that help keep the hundreds of thousands of living plants and animals in
balance with one another. Plant cells contain special signaling pathways that
enhance their defenses against insects, animals, and pathogens. One such
example involves a plant hormone called jasmonate (jasmonic acid). In the
absence of harmful stimuli, jasmonate binds to special proteins, called JAZ
proteins, to regulate plant growth, pollen production, and other processes. In the
presence of harmful stimuli, however, jasmonate switches its signaling
pathways, shifting instead to directing processes involved in boosting plant
defense. Genes that produce jasmonate and JAZ proteins represent potential
targets for genetic engineering to produce plant varieties with increased
resistance to disease.
 CHAPTER 2
OVERVIEW OF THE VILLAGE COMMUNITY
Rayalacheruvu Live Weather:
Temperature,
18-06-2024
25°C to 33°C without rain, mostly clouds
19-06-2024
25°C to 33°C light rain, overcast clouds
20-06-2024
24°C to 33°C mostly cloudy, moderate rain
21-06-2024
24°C to 33°C light rain, overcast clouds
22-06-2024
24°C to 33°C light rain, overcast clouds
It belongs to Rayalaseema region. It is located at Lat 15.056275°
Long77.823708°, at a distance of 22 km from Gooty. It is a Small Village: 29°
C Partly sunny, Humidity: 59%, Wind: 17 km/hr,
Name: “Rayalacheruvu” observed on now.

Demographics of Rayalacheruvu:

Telugu is the Local language here. Total population of 498,000 with 2.47%
increase from 2023. The total population constitute 326,552 males and 171,448
females —a sex ratio of 996 females per 1000 males. 35,918 children are in the
age group of 0–6 years, of which 18,871 are boys and17,047 are girls —a ratio
of 988 per 1000. The average literacy rate stands at 81.25% with 404,625
Literate.
How To Reach Rayalacheruvu:
Gooty is the Nearest Town to Rayalacheruvu. Rayalacheruvu is 22 km from
Gooty. Road connectivity is there from Gooty to Rayalacheruvu.
 BRIEF EXPLANATION FOR PLANT DISEASE

PLANT DISEASE: Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens

(infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors).
1. Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria,
viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and
parasitic plants.
2.Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests
that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit
plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology

Types of Diseases:
Common Diseases Rare Diseases
1.Powdery Mildew 1.Boxwood Blight
2.Black Spots 2.Yellow Virus
3.Bacterial Canker 3.Wart Disease
4.Leaf Spots 4.Stone Man’s Disease
5.Puccinia
6.Blueberry Rust
7.Verticillium Wilt

Plant diseases and pests are important factors determining the yield and quality
of plants. Plant diseases and pests identification can be carried out by means of
digital image processing. In recent years, deep learning has made breakthroughs
in the field of digital image processing, far superior to traditional methods. How
to use deep learning technology to study plant diseases and pests identification
has become a research issue of great concern to researchers. This review
provides a definition of plant diseases and pests detection problem, puts forward
a comparison with traditional plant diseases and pests detection methods.
According to the difference of network structure, this study outlines the research
on plant diseases and pests detection based on deep learning in recent years from
three aspects of classification network, detection network and segmentation
network, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are summarized.
Common datasets are introduced, and the performance of existing studies is
compared. On this basis, this study discusses possible challenges in practical
applications of plant diseases and pests detection based on deep learning. In
addition, possible solutions and research ideas are proposed for the challenges,
and several suggestions are given. Finally, this study gives the analysis and
prospect of the future trend of plant diseases and pests detection based on deep
learning

PLANT DISEASE DETECTION :

Plant diseases are responsible for major economic losses in the agricultural
industry worldwide. Monitoring plant health and detecting pathogen early are
essential to reduce disease spread and facilitate effective management practices.
DNA-based and serological methods now provide essential tools for accurate
plant disease diagnosis, in addition to the traditional visual scouting for
symptoms. Although DNA-based and serological methods have revolutionized
plant disease detection, they are not very reliable at asymptomatic stage,
especially in case of pathogen with systemic diffusion. They need at least 1–2
days for sample harvest, processing, and analysis. Here, we describe modern
methods based on nucleic acid and protein analysis. Then, we review innovative
approaches currently under development. Our main findings are the following:
1. Novel sensors based on the analysis of host responses, e.g., differential
mobility spectrometer and lateral flow devices, deliver instantaneous results and
can effectively detect early infections directly in the field;
2. Biosensors based on phage display and biophotonics can also detect
instantaneously infections although they can be integrated with other systems;
and
3. Remote sensing techniques coupled with spectroscopy-based methods allow
high spatialization of results, these techniques may be very useful as a rapid
preliminary identification of primary infections. We explain how these tools will
help plant disease management and complement serological and DNA-based
methods. While serological and PCR-based methods are the most available and
effective to confirm disease diagnosis, volatile and biophotonic sensors provide
instantaneous results and may be used to identify infections at asymptomatic
stages. Remote sensing technologies will be extremely helpful to greatly
spatialize diagnostic results. These innovative techniques represent
unprecedented tools to render agriculture more sustainable and safe, avoiding
expensive use of pesticides in crop protection.
 CHAPTER 3
COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT
• Activities undertaken in the community:
1. Spread Awareness to Neighbours.
2. Spread Awareness to Relatives.
3. Spread Awareness to Students.
4. Spread Awareness to Farmers.
5. Spread Awareness to Public.
• Values, life skills, and technical skills the student acquired:
1. Self-Awareness
2. Time Management
3. Critical thinking
4. Creative thinking
5. Collaboration
6. Taking Initiative
7. Decision making
8. Problem Solving
9. Effective communication
10.Digital Literacy
Report of the mini-project work done in the related subject w.r.t
the diseases/village:
Assessment,
CONTEXT:
OBJECTIVES:
1. to study the living, non-living and environmental causes of plant diseases,
2. to study the mechanisms of disease development by pathogens
3. to study the interactions between the plants and the pathogen.
4. to develop the methods of controlling the diseases and reducing the losses
caused by them.

Traditional Principles of Plant Disease Control:

1.Avoidance:-prevent disease by selecting a time of the year or a site where
there is no inoculum or where the environment is not favorable for infection.
2.Exclusion:-prevent the introduction of inoculum.
3.Eradication:-eliminate, destroy, or inactivate the inoculum.
4.Protection:-prevent infection by means of a toxicant or some other barrier to
infection.
5.Resistance:-utilize cultivars that are resistant to or tolerant of infection.
6.Therapy:-cure plants that are already infected.

Diseases a normal part of nature:

Plant diseases are a normal part of nature and one of many ecological factors that
help keep the hundreds of thousands of living plants and animals in balance with
one another. Plant cells contain special signaling pathways that enhance their
defenses against insects, animals, and pathogens. One such example involves a
plant hormone called jasmonate (jasmonic acid). In the absence of harmful
stimuli, jasmonate binds to special proteins, called JAZ proteins, to regulate
plant growth, pollen production, and other processes. In the presence of harmful
timuli, however, jasmonate switches its signaling pathways, shifting instead to
directing processes involved in boosting plant defense. Genes that produce
jasmonate and JAZ proteins represent potential targets for genetic engineering
to produce plant varieties with increased resistance to disease.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
• Upon completion of this project ,we will be able to do the following.
1.Analyze the fields.
2.Acquire some knowledge from the farmers.
3.Collect the information regarding the chemicals.

RESULT:
• After completion of this project we are able to:
1)we have learned basic informationfrom the farmers.
2)we got a clear idea on when to use the chemicals.
3)we have a good knowledge on how to prevent the plant diseases.
 CHAPTER 4
ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIRST WEEK

DAY BRIEF LEARNING PERSON

& DISCRIPTION OF OUTCOME INCHARGE
DATE THE DAILY SIGNATURE
ACTIVITY
Day-1
(Monday)
13/05/24

Day-2
(Tuesday)
14/05/24

Day-3
(Wednesday)
15/05/24

Day-4
(Thursday)
16/05/24

Day-5
(Friday)
17/05/24

Day-6
(Saturday)
18/05/24
 WEEKLY REPORT WEEK-1
(From Dt:13/05/2024 to Dt:18/05/2024)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Object Report: “PLANT DISEASE”

 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SECOND WEEK

DAY BRIEF LEARNING PERSON

& DISCRIPTION OF OUTCOME INCHARGE
DATE THE DAILY SIGNATURE
ACTIVITY
Day-2
(Monday)
20/05/24

Day-2
(Tuesday)
21/05/24

Day-3
(Wednesday)
22/05/24

Day-4
(Thursday)
23/05/24

Day-5
(Friday)
24/05/24

Day-6
(Saturday)
25/05/24
 WEEKLY REPORT WEEK- 2
(FROM Dt:20/05/2024 to Dt:25/05/2024)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Object Report:
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE THIRD WEEK

DAY BRIEF LEARNING PERSON

& DISCRIPTION OF OUTCOME INCHARGE
DATE THE DAILY SIGNATURE
ACTIVITY
Day-1
(Monday)
27/05/24

Day-2
(Tuesday)
28/05/24

Day-3
(Wednesday)
29/05/24

Day-4
(Thursday)
30/05/24

Day-5
(Friday)
31/05/24

Day-6
(Saturday)
01/06/24
 WEEKLY REPORT WEEK-3
(From Dt:27/05/2024 to Dt:01/06/2024

Objective of the Activity Done:

Object Report:
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FOURTH WEEK

DAY BRIEF LEARNING PERSON

& DISCRIPTION OF OUTCOME INCHARGE
DATE THE DAILY SIGNATURE
ACTIVITY
Day-1
(Monday)
03/06/24

Day-2
(Tuesday)
04/06/24

Day-3
(Wednesday)
05/06/24

Day-4
(Thursday)
06/06/24

Day-5
(Friday)
07/06/24

Day-6
(Saturday)
08/06/24
 WEEKLY REPORT WEEK-4
(From Dt:03/06/2024 to Dt:08/06/2024)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Object Report:
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIFTH WEEK

DAY BRIEF LEARNING PERSON

& DISCRIPTION OUTCOME INCHARGE
DATE OF THE DAILY SIGNATURE
ACTIVITY
Day-1
(Monday)
10/06/24

Day-2
(Tuesday)
11/06/24

Day-3
(Wednesday)
12/06/24

Day-4
(Thursday)
13/06/24

Day-6
(Friday)
14/06/24

Day-6
(Saturday)
15/06/24
 WEEKLY REPORT WEEK-5
(FROM Dt:10/06/2024 to Dt:15/06/2024)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Object Report:
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SIXTH WEEK

DAY BRIEF LEARNING PERSON

& DISCRIPTION OUTCOME INCHARGE
DATE OF THE DAILY SIGNATURE
ACTIVITY
Day-1
(Monday)
17/06/24

Day-2
(Tuesday)
18/06/24

Day-3
(Wednesday)
19/06/24

Day-4
(Thursday)
20/06/24

Day-5
(Friday)
21/06/24

Day-6
(Saturday)
22/06/24
 WEEKLY REPORT WEEK-6
(FROM Dt:17/06/2024 to Dt:22/06/2024)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Object Report:
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SEVENTH WEEK

DAY BRIEF LEARNING PERSON

& DISCRIPTION OF OUTCOME INCHARGE
DATE THE DAILY SIGNATURE
ACTIVITY
Day-1
(Monday)
24/06/24

Day-2
(Tuesday)
25/06/24

Day-3
(Wednesday)
26/06/24

Day-4
(Thursday)
27/06/24

Day-5
(Friday)
28/06/24

Day-6
(Saturday)
29/06/24
 WEEKLY REPORT WEEK-7
(FROM Dt:24/04/2024 to Dt:29/06/2024)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Object Report:
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE EIGHTH WEEK

DAY BRIEF LEARNING PERSON

& DISCRIPTION OF OUTCOME INCHARGE
DATE THE DAILY SIGNATURE
ACTIVITY
Day-1
(Monday)
01/07/24

Day-2
(Tuesday)
02/07/24
Day-3
(Wednesday)
03/07/24
Day-4
(Thursday)
04/07/24

Day-5
(Friday)
05/07/24

Day-6
(Saturday)
06/07/24
 WEEKLY REPORT WEEK-8
(FROM Dt:01/07/2024 to Dt:06/07/2024)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Object Report:
 CHAPTER 5
OUTCOMES DISCRIPTION:

Details of the Socio-Economic Survey of the Village. Attach the

questionnaire prepared for the survey.

In this community service project, I gain the lot of information about the Plant
Diseases like:

Describe the problems you have identified in the

community:

1.All species of plants wild and cultivated alike,are subject to

diseases.
2.The occurrence and prevalence of plant diseases vary from season
to season.
3.Insufficient water.
4.Due to several reasons, farmers either don’t receive the
appropriate amount of water or don’t get the supply ontime many
farmers rely on rainwater for irrigation.
5.In most areas ,to date ,farmers follow primitive cultivation
methods traditionally - used plough and relevant.
6.Less use of modern farming equipment.
7.Despite no shortage of efficient aquipment and machinery,there
is a very littleuse of modern equipment.
8.Poor storage facilities.
9.In rural areas,storage facilities or either insufficient or completely
absent.Insuch a situation,farmers usually have no other option than
selling at a lowcost.
 DESCRIPTION OF THE COMMUNITY AWARENESS
PROGRAMMES CONDUCTED W.R.T THE PROBLEMS
AND THEIR OUTCOMES:

The goal of community awareness is to increase the community's

knowledge of the
available programs and services offered. This is accomplished by
informing the
general public through various activities.

Community Service Helps Connect to the Community.

It Benefits Your Career Prospects.

Community Service Raises Social Awareness.

Community Service Establishes Contacts and Friendships.

Community Service Helps Improve Your Skills.

 STUDENT SELF-EVALUATION FOR THE
COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT:
Student Name : K Aravind Kumar
Registration No : 22F21A0409
Period of CSP : 8 weeks From : 13/05/2024 To: 06/07/2024
Date of evaluation : 08/07/2024
Name of the person in-charge : Mr.M.B.Bheema Kumar
Address with mobile number : GOOTY(m),Anantapur(D)-515401,7995956740

PLEASE RATE YOUR PERFORMANCE IN THE

FOLLOWING AREAS:
(Rating scale: 1 is Lowest and 5 Highest rank)
1) Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5
2) Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3) Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
4) Interaction ability with 1 2 3 4 5
community
5) Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6) Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7) Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
8) Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5
9) Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10) Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11) Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5
12) Time Management 1 2 3 4 5
13) Understanding the 1 2 3 4 5
Community
14) Achievement of Desired 1 2 3 4 5
Outcomes
15) OVERALL 1 2 3 4 5
PERFORMANCE

Date: Signature of the Student

Evaluation by the Person in-charge in the Community/Habitation :

Student Name : K Aravind Kumar

Registration No
Period of CSP
Date of evaluation
Name of the person incharge
Address with mobile number
: 22F21A0409
: From 13/05/2024 To 06/07/2024
: 08/07/2024
: Mr.M.B.Bheema Kumar
: Gooty, Gooty(m), Anantapuram (dist)
-515401,7995956740

Please rate the student’s performance in the following areas:

(“Please note that your evaluation shall be done independent of the Student’s
self-evaluation Rating Scale: 1 is lowest and 5 is highest rank”)
1) Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5
2) Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3) Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
4) Interaction ability with 1 2 3 4 5
community
5) Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6) Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7) Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
8) Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5
9) Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10) Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11) Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5
12) Time Management 1 2 3 4 5
13) Understanding the 1 2 3 4 5
Community
14) Achievement of Desired 1 2 3 4 5
Outcomes
15) OVERALL 1 2 3 4 5
PERFORMANCE

Date: Signature of the Student

Project Photos:

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