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RETHINKING RURAL
The Rural-Migration
Nexus
Global Problems, Rural Issues
Series Editors
Philomena de Lima
Centre for Remote and Rural Studies
University of the Highlands and Islands
Inverness, UK
Belinda Leach
Guelph, ON, Canada
This series will foreground rural places and communities as diverse,
mutually constitutive and intrinsic to contemporary Sociology scholarship,
deeply imbricated in globalisation and colonisation processes stretched
across national spaces. This is in contrast to an urban focus which is the
implicit norm where (urban) place often can appear as the sole backdrop
to social life.
Rather than rural places being marginal to Sociology, this series
emphasises these places as embodying plural visions, voices and experiences
which are fundamental to making sense of places as sites of solidarity,
contestation and disruption in different national contexts.
Nathan Kerrigan • Philomena de Lima
Editors
The Rural-Migration
Nexus
Global Problems, Rural Issues
Editors
Nathan Kerrigan Philomena de Lima
School of Social Sciences Centre for Living Sustainability
Birmingham City University University of the Highlands
Birmingham, UK and Islands
Inverness, UK
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer
Nature Switzerland AG 2023
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the
Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of
translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on
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The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are
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The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information
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This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature
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The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Acknowledgements
This edited collection began, like all good ideas, as a conversation between
us as co-editors. We wanted to address the lacunae in rural migration lit-
erature on the global-rural simultaneity of international migration. We
were interested in exploring the ways in which this process shapes particu-
lar rural places and communities, as well as the exclusion, exploitation and
shifting boundaries of belonging for migrants residing and working in
rural regions of the ‘Global North’. This book has taken an immense
amount of work, taking—because of the global Covid-19 pandemic—
almost five years to complete. The edited collection would not have
become a reality without the encouragement and support of several people.
Firstly, thanks must go to Palgrave Macmillan for contracting the book.
In particularly, a massive thank you to Sharla Plant who arranged to meet
Nathan during the 2017 British Sociological Association conference to
discuss the initial idea(s) of the project. Also, to Liam Inscoe-Jones and
Corrine Li who took over from Sharla while she was on maternity leave.
We are truly grateful for your patience in waiting for the submission of the
final manuscript.
We would like to acknowledge the support of The Rural Policy Learning
Commons (RPLC, Canada) and to Philomena’s colleagues in this journey,
in particular Linamar Campos-Flores and Belinda Leach. The RPLC
Migration in Remote and Rural Areas (MIRRA) network provided an
opportunity to identify and address gaps in discourses on rural interna-
tional migration and to identify a range of contributions that help to
address these gaps. The conclusion, and in particular, the section on trans-
locality draws on a literature review undertaken by Alexandra Mirowski
v
vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1 Introduction 1
Nathan Kerrigan and Philomena de Lima
Globalising the Rural, Ruralising the Global 4
Rural Migration as Global-Local Interdependencies in the
Context of the Global North 8
The Rural-Migration Nexus 12
Structure of the Book 14
References 18
2 Should
I Stay or Should I Go? Developing Migrant-led
Understandings of Welcoming Rural Communities 23
Tiina Sotkasiira
Introduction 23
Background to the Research 25
Discursive, Political and Lived Dimensions of a ‘Welcoming
Community’ 30
Data Analysis 31
The Analysis of Welcome as Having, Loving and Being 34
Welcome by Being Part of Loving Relationships 36
Being and Personal Fulfilment 39
Three Dimensions of Welcoming and Well-being 41
Conclusion: The Ambiguous Experiences of Welcoming
in Rural Finland 44
References 45
vii
viii Contents
3 On
the Hypermobility of Agricultural Workers in Europe:
Life Courses Between Rural Moldova and Switzerland/
the EU 51
Dina Bolokan
Introduction 51
The Agricultural Labour Market in Switzerland and Europe 53
Translocal Life Course Perspectives Within a Post-/Decolonial
Global Ethnography Approach 56
Translocal Life Trajectories of Workers from Moldova to
Switzerland and the EU 59
On Hypermobility: Personal Challenges and Structural
Configurations 67
Conclusion 71
References 73
4 ‘Caging
All Tigers’: Pathways to Occupational Health and
Safety for Transnational Agricultural Workers in Canada 79
Ewa Dabrowska-Miciula
Introduction 79
Methods 82
Hierarchy of Prevention in Agriculture and Interventions in
Canada 83
Temporary Migrant Labour in Canadian Agriculture 86
Results 89
Discussion 99
Conclusion 103
References 104
5 Living
Better but Separated: The Emotional Impacts
of the Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Workers
Programme on Transmigrant Workers111
Linamar Campos-Flores and Adriana Leona Rosales-Mendoza
Introduction 111
Context: The Canadian Seasonal and Temporary Agricultural
Workers Programme and the Recruitment of Mexican Workers 113
Methodology 125
Distress among Chiapanecan and Yucatecan Workers 128
Emotional Images 129
Conclusion 133
References 136
Contents ix
6 Migrants,
Refugees and Settlement Camps in the Rural
and Urban Fringes of Serbia: Cultural Repertoires,
Changing Understandings and Imaginings of the Other141
Geraldine Lee-Treweek, Branislav Radeljić, and Marko
Stojanović
Introduction 141
On the Road to Change: The Rural and Urban Fringe as
Collateral Space? 143
Methods and Cultural Repertoires Theory 151
Changing Attitudes: Borders, Politics and Expediency 152
Concerns Around Culture, Extremism and Narratives of Risk 155
Discussion 163
Conclusion 166
References 167
7 Being
Global and Being Regional: Refugee
Entrepreneurship in Regional Australia171
Branka Krivokapic-skoko, Katherine Watson, and Jock Collins
Introduction 171
Settlement of Refugees and Humanitarian Migrants in Regional
and Rural Australia: An Overview 174
Refugee Entrepreneurs: Theoretical and Empirical Overviews 177
From Around the World to Regional and Rural Australia:
Researching Refugee Entrepreneurship 182
Global Connections with Rural Australia 184
Rural-Global Connections 191
Conclusion 193
References 194
8 Conclusion201
Nathan Kerrigan and Philomena de Lima
Rural Translocality and Migration 204
Emotional Well-Being and Geographies 207
Welcoming Migrants and (Hostile) Hospitality 211
Future Directions 216
References 218
Index223
Notes on Contributors
xi
xii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS
xv
List of Tables
xvii
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
N. Kerrigan (*)
School of Social Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
e-mail: Nathan.kerrigan@bcu.ac.uk
P. de Lima
Centre for Living Sustainability, University of the Highlands and Islands,
Inverness, UK
e-mail: philomena.delima.ic@uhi.ac.uk
rest of the world. There are other, similar national narratives happening
globally—with the increase in anti-migration parties in Canada such as
Coalition Avenir Québec (Blanchet & Medeiros, 2019), Finland topping
the European Social Attitudes Survey (2018) as being the most racist and
xenophobic country in Europe with 63% of migrants reporting racist inci-
dents, and the growth of the Populist Right more generally in countries
such as the Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland, and Poland. These move-
ments clearly highlight how processes of globalisation that have come to
be seen as resulting in an increase in international migration can also
impact on the lived realities of migrants living and working in ‘host’
nations.
It is important to note that some of the challenges and experiences that
have emerged in relation to increased global connectivity shape and are
shaped by various factors operating across different scalar levels, from local
to global and across diverse geographical contexts. One example of ‘the
local’ where these issues are played out is within rural spaces. Michael
Woods (2007) in his paper, ‘Engaging the global countryside: globalisa-
tion, hybridity and the reconstitution of rural place’, exemplifies processes
of international migration have a strong rural visibility in the form of sea-
sonal migrant labour, which has always been and continues to be a typical
feature of rurality, globally. In other words, there exists a global-rural rela-
tionship of migration where rural regions is a mirror which should be
viewed as being shaped by and influencing the same problems and issues
which processes of globalisation have thrown up that is seen to manifest in
the context of migration (e.g., precarious employment, exclusion, and rac-
ism). This is evidenced by even the briefest glances of statistics, with 55%
of the Brexit vote coming from the English countryside (Country Land
and Business Association, 2016).
The aim of this edited collection is to explore and examine the ways in
which global-rural relationships shape rural places and communities of
place through the lens of migration by focusing on agribusiness and rural
development, as well as othering and the shifting boundaries of belonging
in rural spaces. The chapters throughout this book take stock of these
issues through an examination of how processes of globalisation influence
different rural contexts in the ‘global north’ and the impact this has on
migrant populations. The editors acknowledge there is no ideal term to
describe the relationship between countries given the dynamic nature of
geopolitics and the impact on the hierarchical ordering of national states.
Organisations such as the United Nations and the International
4 N. KERRIGAN AND P. DE LIMA
Robin Adair.