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    PC Hardware Handbook Ed6 2024

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    PC Hardware Handbook Ed6 2024

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    PC Hardware Handbook Ed6 2024

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    PCGAMER Doe nay HANDBOOK : Cert PC GAMING = STARTS HERE ° FROM GRAPHICS OPTIONS TO PROTECTING YOUR TECH: ALL THE ADVICE YOU NEED. PAGES OF ore os y REVIEWS | ’ r i Feo — é Praag eee \ i BUILD THE BEST PC FOR YOUR BUDGET AAMMAAMA MAMMA MAAMAMAMAM AMAA AMA 4, dd A ddl dd ddd dd ddd dda 444.444. “AdAdadddaddadddadaddadadadadadadad. AAadgdaadadadaddddadadsdasdaadad. ‘dd didddddddddddddddddddd. AdbAdabaddadAaddadaadadadaadd, r"rrrrPrrrryrrPrrrrrrrrryPr “sAAdaadaasdadadaaaadaadadada. dd dd dl did di dd ddd did.didddidddi dl. AAAMAAMdMAMadd dA Adda dd AA A dd ddd dad ddidid4ddidddddd4dadd. dd dl dd dd ddiddd ddd 444 4d dda. ‘“sdddaddddadddadaddadadsadadaadad. “Add ddaddaadadadaddaadaaadaadad. A dl dl ddl ddl ddd ddl dla dad al ad aa Ad ddd ddd did ddddddddddd dada. rrrrrVyrrPrrrrrrrvrrryrryr rVVVrrrrPrPrPrrP “addadaadadadad. WELCOME TO ae [J3HARDWARE HANDBOOK sles numberof products to choose from building and uperaing nehese pages, youl find ll the essential With he seemingly «aPC can seem ike a daunting task That's why, info you ned to build and/or upgrade your own rg. Whether you're looking to switch ‘out components o give yourself performance boost ahead of the next slew of ANA ames, o youre going to simply bit the bullet and put together a whole new rg, we've ‘ot the lowdown on the latest high-end it, a well x budget and mid-range offerings that won't break the bank. If you're completely new tothe idea of building a PC, weve included a jargon buster to teach you all ofthe terms used throughout this book, and by reales or manufaetures. you want to know the best products onthe market today, ‘we've got you covered with reviews an head to heads covering components and peripherals as well sa buyer’ guide fr thre different price ranges, From processors, ‘motherboards an graphics cards to keyboards, gaming earbuds and OLED monitors liscover everything you need to create your dream machine 4 L FUTURE 4 r Buildsection Jargonbuster Syaneraceonee ohare How tobuildaPc Yorcsenanatensre retest build wich Mist TheresurrectionofAMD oetheedecnitaardhia? Builda$999 gamingPC weeetteikandvnatind thom waldo youknowths your’ Pratectyourktromthelt andmake yourownalarmayetem ¢ cpus “Theres onl/onewaytodecdebetween these gaming PUs fet Wihichottheseentyteveland mi rangesrapnescarasarewer your money? Solidstatedrives Treatyoursettoaspeedy SSD ard onchloadnalimesinyourtave gars Asus ROG Maximus 2790Hero elookata premiummetherboardfor premurnintelbulders Power supplies iat sthebest poner supe fer PC ‘gaming? We vegstyocovered Wireless gamingheadsets ‘Theresneverbesnabelterimetoad trecordandvceyourearstromyour esktep Paytsmartoy saveemoneyenyour chassiandspending tonbigger and betercerponents OLED gaming monitors ‘LEDIechnaigyhasamedonthe esitepatiast Iyure boxrgtorday-cretypre. ‘confor theres ance ergonomic feyboardthat susie you Gaming! Pushingtnebouncanesetgamingon thee Buyer'sguide Bulcthebest PC foryourbudet HERE'S WHAT YOU NEED BUILD § BUILD Contents JARGON BUSTER Explaininganddemystfying PC hardware terms HOW TOBUILDAPC Your essential quideto putting arigtogether ONE MANUFACTURER BUILD WITHMSI Isusing one brands componentsa goodidea? ‘THE RESURRECTION OFAMD Backfromthe brink BUILD A $999 GAMINGPC How dose canwegetto 1Kand whatkind of PC doesit get you? YTHEMOTHERBOARD MAP How welldo youknow this complicated component? PCGRAPHICS OPTIONSEXPLAINED Understand what graphics options ‘mean and which to choose PROTECT YOURTECH Protectyourkitfromtheft and make your own alarm system, aT Rate JARGON BUSTER = ==: James Norris explains and demystifies PC hardware terms eat ence et en Pree ie ees 32-bit Wen eferencing computer arhtectr,theterm 22s used to ‘enotethe number a ts that canbe rooessed smutaneousy Systems using Bebe cPUand OS arcwtectures generally avelower performance potenti and RAM capac when compared other ewer 64 bt brethren Thisterm salsa {sed to describe the colour range of ‘enitor that peovides 32 pe lof ‘oburinformation, which means eet tts er channel for ec green ance, long vith an &ittrarsparency channel {64-bit ~ Again referencing computer architecture, 6-b8is used Io indeate the ‘umber of tsthatcan bepracessad at the some tne, intis caze twice 9 much 532-1, hich provides processing anc ‘memory advantages for systems ‘ested around ts eater potential Most modern computer systems use (bt rcitectre 802.11 - WiFidata standard spectication family that runs onthe 25GHzerSGHzwieless bands. {orutranide monitors, nd1630 for BenQ - ATahvanesehardvare productvty-based work Note that ‘manufacturer know or ih A ‘aspect ratio doesnot spec reslution performance gamng monitors aed forthe actual ste justthe proportions of competitive pricing structure. ‘AMD Radeon —AMD'sbrandnametor —thedsplay BIOS ~ Baserput/Output System, also Its senes ot graphics cards, ORAM ‘Acer ~ Acer ne. 6 acomputer hardware Firmware also UEFL The 8105 the ‘edule SSDsandsupportng software. company, based Taivan that's known lowiovel operating system ofa Usually refers tographicscards orGPUS. forts Predator series of products ana component suchas amesherboard AMD Ryzon-AMD'seompettorto_compettwe pricing or graphics card often made usar Intets Core series processor.nowintheir ASUS ~ ASUSTek Computer Inc based 2otesaible via ase of option strens that second generation Ryzen processors, in Taiwan isacomputer company re avalabeforconiguraten hen your thasad onthe Zenarchtectre fer Specaing in high performance ‘computer boots up, ‘Sieh over cnge-cre speeds thanthoir_gamerorentod hardware, ASUS owns tho Blu-ray ~ Te bigh dent optealice Intelcounterpartsbutoftemorecores. popula Repub of Games brand format hat replaced DVD. ‘sar rower price, [ATX Advanced Technology eXtended, Bluetooth - Alow-bendwidth wieess [APU AccdkeatedProcessingUnt. Midrange desktop PC se stand for Standard used fo peripheral ke mice. |ANDisdelintonteraCPU/GPUtuson _motherboars and cases, eyboards and speakers. Produces ‘designed for budget and micrange unaceeptabllag for gaming on rest gamngorentedsystoms, B ‘ters, wth RFsyle wireless or ‘Aspect ratio - These of computer corded devices preferred ohh ‘screens widthrlavetoitshegrt Back Bandwidth ~Referstthe maximum performance tuations. urngthe CRT ea. this wasnormally 43, rate of datatanser rom one pace to Bus ~ inthis contest, hardware bus butwaththeadventof atscreen spays, another measuredinbts pe second. THs isthearehtectueinacompute’s 1GShasbecometheacceptedstandard, applestoyourinteret connection 35 well suisystems that enabies the various Other commonaspectraiosincude 21:9 at your PC's hardware, ampenents to commasncate vith each ater Ths neues core areas such the systermmemoryand extends to penpherals such as storage devices or fxpansioncardslets, each of which have theirown unique specications. Cc Cable modem ~Thedevceusedto provide an nteret signal to your outer fremyourISP.Usualy supplied by cable compares andiSPs to end usersand tftenbultintoasmal network router Cache -A'small amount ofvery high-speedmemary that's used keep frequent accessed data hand forthe (CPU. A propery anagedand zed cache has anoutsted efecton sytem performance ° = Anenelosurethathouses athe portsofaPe. Recordable Compact De, “he series of tegrated outs at marages te ctor Therateatwhicha computer performs calulaton. usualy measured mmeganertz (MHZ) or ‘eaherts GH) Shorter coder-decoe. A encodes anddacodes dtastreams. Core ~ Tecomputatonalceneo Processor usualy one ot agroupof upto ‘Skinarmodem cesktop CPU. Premium computer pesipherat upplerbasedin Fremont, Califia and ‘known fr qualty DRAM products. eyboards watercoling systems and Iagrtashion tower cases. ‘Centra Processing Unt The ‘computation centre ofacemnputer comprisedof ener mere cores. ot Cable ~Alength ofR-45 networking cabiowith aspect wing configuration hat enables outers tobe daisy chained gether va special labeled or autosensing Ethernet port. boutique Austin Tevas basedharaware compacy that produces arange of wellecaved Ferquaity macharcalkeyooards {CP ~Dynarnic Host Conigation Protocl Anautomatic P acdessing syste used on modern TCP/IP networks andthe nteret that provides each computer vith an Padres vthout requringamanuniy entered or fied umber entiation scheme Wisely Usedbyintemet acess haranare such as Dau Data Rate merary Avaableinmany speeds and sizes. ~bisplayPorts. ahh performance dtl video connector Sesgned tor speedy refresh rats and highresoktons Direct Memery Access. Refers systemmemory without erin, processorresources, Dots Pr incr Used to determine printing nd screen rescion, ~Aploce nice a comouter Comes n§.25nch and 3.5 inchsize, DDyramic RAN DRAM refreshes constant tohold data ts slower than State RAN, but cheaper ~The specialised software hat contro the ow level functions of hardvare components usualy provided bythe component manufacturer or occasionaly by the OS vendor Extended ATX. Extratarge ATX Size used for dele motherboards and computer cases. —Fte Aocaton Taba. A tamty of robustbutsimpiefing systems used by ‘many 0S implementations, suchas MS DOS, aswel a: standalone hardware suchas pintersorP cameras, FAT les often have lmtatione en ramng ‘conventions and size networkbarer thatprtects users rom Lowleve software bt into ‘devices non voatie memory (memory wich retains data even the powers vee of). communicates ithOS drivers andotherhargvare JARGON BUSTER Feature hhard drive) ~Theselegarystorage IP address ~ Internet Protocol address. evicesutiserotatingmagneticdsks to Treuniquerumeric address of Storedataandgeneralyfeturelower _networkeddavee, dplayedasa series of Costs andlrgereapacties han sol state numbers, for example 192 168.0 inthe tives ($503) Whilemechanicalharddisk commonly used version fo ofthe > systems are amatureand stable protocol As demand for IP addresseshas technology. SSDs haverecerty begunto_ grvn, version sx the Protocols supplant them, The aster therotatonal_bengroled ot which provides a much Speedofthedsk thebetter he larger aderessng space to cover the rapid Performance andthehigher the costot__grouthotntemet connected devices. ‘he dive. S400RPM disks reconsidered IPS panel -rPlane Stening Atypeot rmaistream, while 200RPM ae ‘vanced LCD display that offers superior TOODORPM speeds are reserved for Ccobursardviewngangies high-performance arves. TX —lformation Tecnology eXtended. HBM-High Bandwidth Memory. Atype Tiny desktop PC size slandardusedfor ofstackablememoryused ngraphics_tghtspacesor boutaue bulls. tears that prowes high performance smal frm ter. J Hyperthreading -AcPUtechnclogy ttaterabes two tveadstostareaCPU —_JEDEC - Acolloqualtermreeringto core deubing the threadcapabiitesofa the DRAM preconfigured memory sting processor Especial usettforlowcore-_potles dried irom the Jit Electron aunt laptops. Device Engineering Coune's specications. Similar to XMP, FLOPS — Pst ont Opeatons er Intel Corei9 -ietsnevestmsumer KK Second Areas ocomoutatna GA TheGoreBeevestakesoreram Kilcher -1000Hz Auntot comping potermanc that hanson cores Shepevstp ofteine”procesers Speed General eset eee rantor {eatin pat operations GPUsare drciirodcestnties freon), eesnrates ports bust at prermes ese itindonentsyree gedehaavare, KVM srtch Stor for keyboard Cetoertrmngeven ah end CPUS runing romaktoiBcoresand Video. Neuse Ate sto hat souralerdatct raga Sepoteiypetiestrg he: cube ile rgurstobe FreeSyne anno cesta 800% thet corsrunniatapeok tached aaa eyboard mano Ctra fee andepen mentor aable ofr eagamng bast Sedmoueeorster note Sesto compact VESAS Adapt Se proc Esser aher {rontiemontoreesnnesta tas fat arate achurger th franeeteotthesare eure pyre FreeSye Super stor o Inte ower minimum ramerates, HOR, HDMI suppoct andintegratedeoiou spacemaragement. G Gigahertz ~1000Mt Aunt of tera clock speed used by CPUsand other components to spect device performance, Adjusting the clock speed higher prowdes better perormance athoughding 20 can mpact tab ane ‘manufacturer based Taiwan, that’s bestknown fort top-shel igh-speed DRAMproducts. (G-Sye~ Siar toFreeSyne except Proprietary. Tiss mentor adaptive S5yestandard used by Nviga to smcth {ramerate tanstions and emit dsp. tearing Requires Nvidia graphics arcnareand.a G Syne capable mont, H Hard Boot —Resettnga computer rom powered off conto. Hard disk drive (also mechanical FEATURE Jargon buster ek LAN/\WLAN ~ Local Area Netwrk/ Wireless Loca rea Network. A pate lecalnetworkofcompatrs uly Connected a W For Eheret Logitech ~Aighy sucess Sis camper perpheras company Specnleng nme, heads kyboords arccomputerspestar M MAC adress — Acodebuitrt every retworecapable port ihatunauely Ident exendevoe connection. Usual {ares the forms supaes of hesadecens igs separatedby acorma cr dash. Mechanical Keyboard A ype of feyboard that ures mecrosutches instead he dtu rsbber omesfor ctuaton. They eno proud erm ot taco and aco feedback crt (ers natin Megahertz-1000KH2 Aurtot comptina speed. General sed to ‘Speci speedisonmemery as Walls noise processors, ILC Mul Lovell. Norma refersto NANO memary implementation, Gheaper bute durebe han SLC. MSI" Meo Starters a Twaneze corporation tat mast about any kindof computing hardware Yyoucan imagine Motherboard ~The centrepiece otaPC systerand the place where athe ther NAND flash memory - Thetype ‘ofmemory used n SSDs NZXT = AnAmereenerdware company known for cases aelcernponents, suchas. hqucooers, Nvidia GTX — inves current nomenclature, GTX refers to consumer ‘raptics cards based ents ast ‘generation Pascal an previous Maxwell Brchtectues, The Pascalbased Nvsa 661%2080 and big brother 080 T were ‘thefrst Nvidia cars able to prove 4k ‘amingat easorable framerates, whe the1070 s designed tocover gaming needs at 1080 and 1440 resolutions and high deta Nvidia RTX.— Featuring the new Turing achtecture, Nv RT sers of ‘raphs cards, including the TX 2080 ‘and higher perormance RTX 2080 Ti, are ‘thecurrenttop shelf when comes to pertormance consumer graphs car, bothinreahwordandpotental numbers With Tung 50% iene effiency per core faster memory anddediatedray tracing and Al narware, a wea jumps ‘of ver 20 frames per second ae possible inmany games, Oo OLED ~ organ ht Emiting Dade An scaadscen ecreigy Patats lowpone igh perorrane andar ‘age ini eesene uncon srstphones sth asthe Phene Sard Ssrsing ony 59 sal son ere coun rerclockng Pushing component boven tratcapctatene orprove tsperormnce PCB - Prete Grout Boar. The backboard on which components such 35 Sockets and Voltage Regulator Modules (abe) are meurte. PCle (OR PCI-E) - Peripheral CCemponent Interconnect Express. A high-speedslot design used inmodern computers for adn cards, Pheel ~ single element dot ona computer seraon. PSU Power Supply Un. A bocthe component with eables that provides 8 computer with power. RAID —Recundant Array of Indepencent Dicks, Aset of cries configured an aray for improved perermance and ety, RAW Random Access Merry. The computatonalwerkspace of acomputer system, fs oat, meaning the dtait stores islostwnen thesystem reset or tornedot RAMDAC - Random Access Memory Digitalto Aralogue Comerter Converts Image data into signa tat canbe splayed ona merit Razer ~ Razerine sa gamingharéware company wit eadquarters in San Francisco and Singapore. Ravers entire product catalogue s gaming avinted Known especialy torts gang laptops. RJdI ~Anolstye telephone connector at ke ea naron Ethemet (R45) connecter. Alo used foranaloave modems Roceat - German perisheral ‘manufacturer that speciasesin input (aces such a= mechancalkeyooards fandmee, as wal as headprone, ROM Read-Only Memory Anareaof protected memary that eortans Specalced instructions Router ~ Arup that manages wred and eles connections to aneswor. Ss SATA. Seri ATA. data transport rotocolused or storage devices Screen burn ~The ftermagelefton cata types of displays, such as OLEDS, ter dsplayrg state mages or extended pevodseftime. Cancause permanent Forde damage SLC ~ Singfe-LevellNAND memory ‘Thequickest priciest and most expensive [NAND implementation. ‘SO-DIMM ~ Thetype of DOR memory ‘mediuleusedin laptop systems Uses a sonal form factor than standard memory sticks, Solid state ~ Usedtodescribea device wthnomoingparts 'SSD = Sold State Dre, storage drive ‘made of ron-olatie memory cols stead ‘of amevingmagnetipater Mach eter thanharedsk ves ‘SteolSeries - HighrendDarish ‘gaming penpheral manutactrer koawn forheacsets: mee and ecranical keyboards. ‘Stream processors —Linited instruction processors used nGPUsto perlrm specaised functions. Used for Tigh-performance sppiatons, T ‘TDP ~ Total DisspatodPoner. The rmasarum wattage apart wil alow before Shuttng down ortrrattngte als damage or overheating Can be usedas a rough incest on generation perlormance or efcincy "TN panel ~TwistedNematc pal. An ‘ler syle of LCD deply that fers lon pice and very highspeed, butisalso otal for washed cut eolours and poor wewnganges. ‘Touchpad ~ Asmat fat pa that registers mouse-styie pointer ‘movement when youshde a fingertip ‘erase Usedforlaptope U Uttrawide display - A computer monitor that sports cinema ke 2:9 ‘spectra. Avalable "2560x1080 and 34801440 resostins UPS - UnnterptablePower Suply.A batter-backup power source that enables computer system tocortnue functoninginthe care ofa poner outage or othe problems, USB - Univers Serial Bus. Asmat hotswappable data cornecir tats capable ot high performance whon using the latest speciestins. Vv VA panel - Vertical Agent pane. ‘ype of LCD asa that delvers gh contrastratios. deeper black levels and ‘more accurate colour, Vipanels areal forgaming Ww WAP — Wireless Access Pont The pace youlbgintoawielessnetwork Watt A measure of setreal power. Webcam ~ A usualy US® based PC camera that provides ve video or use withcorferences gare streaming and ther meda projets. WPA2 - WFiProtected Access 2. The most robust security protococuretiy Provided for many WiFinetwerks Xx XMP —Estreme Memory Profle, An Inte cerved DRAM settresstandarthat provides seeralfa-saferiemory configurations beyond the deaut sett. allowing easy confguration of highspeed ‘memory modules. FEATURE How to build a PC HOW TO BUILD A PC Feature HOW TO BUILD A PC Building a PC is a huge part ofthe joy of PC gaming, No one starts off as an expert PC builder, though, and here James Davenport takes you through the entire process step-by-step FEATURE How to build a PC PREPARE THE CHASSIS Lot sul Fst take ofboth se panes onthe case. You need acces to both sides for insarting hardware cable management, ‘pd general ease of access can ge crovded ck. Move ary eabls inside a the cae out of the way Wel get tomoving MOTHERBOARD PREP > Your chassis should include motherboard standot serows, _aspctured(soretmes theyre gol nstead of lac) These preven your ‘ratherbosrdfrommaking direct contact wth he back ofthe chase, lach could short othe bord Reference the holes on your ‘metherbosrdto see here thestandoffeneadte be snceths can vay ‘Screw them tet Take the /O (nput/outpt hilt and line itup wth the eame om ‘side case Make sure youve it acingintheright rection before you poptin. Again, mak size tat you ck your motherboard for Feference, Pushin, making sure otto press too nardnthe cente (but yourmighthaveto realy press hare on those edgesin order to make sure {hatitsintherght plac) There shoud bea sats rom each Side onceit'algned correctly andas snaps nt place. With ts dore ‘wecanmave eto the motherboard se. INSERT THE MOTHERBOARD Once the chassis prepped.it'stimeforyoutoiesert the matherooard. This chasss has acomenient bultin standoff that cenzes the motherboard for you. However rot allcases lave one, so when yeupace down make sur that you do so genty~theremay be some resstance up against the VO shed Tiss completely normal andiothing to worry bout. Just make surethat rnometal prongs acidetal get lodgec into a USB por. tthereiceis game oe Once the motherboard igned wih te standots sorew down the cate doit tighten tyet~ and thendlo the apposte comers. Screningn opposite corners a food ule of thumb for instaing arythingin aPC 2s tuers theeskot rmisaignng and potential damaging your hardware Tighton the serews aby bituntl tho motherboards femiy nplae Dont overdo itis sting aroun. shoddbe secur, Onceit’s secure, tigen upthe serews slowy and ently, workng rom oppesite corners tomakesurethat the matherboard stays seated correct HOW TO BUILD A PC Feature SEAT THE PROCESSOR ‘Good job. f youre eaing this and not arg o crying you've suecessuly gota mmotherboardina PCcase-Nextup we deal ith the mest impertat part of any P:the CPU, Treat te CPUIke an inexplicably ving branina glass ar Hole itat ine ecgesandavod touching the Underside Finger grease ean mess with the neatafuion, whic snot gooden ono ofthe mostexpersive tal volatio Pocompenents, Tost It thelever onthe CPU sochet on he matherboar, remow the plastic placeholder andiocate the golden row on your CPU. Ths, and the netches on your CPU, wll youknow howtoalienthe CPU abovethe lot Make sure everything matched up, then Careful ler he CPU straight counonto the socket Itshoudstineffortlssy so dont put extra pressure on &. CPUs re ely damaged ‘Once th CPUs inplace wer the Sccket shied and secure by pul and locking the metal lever down Youtea! resistance, ae tkely afew heart, Patton, but ty hot worry toomuch, everythings (probably okay FEATURE How to build a PC PUT IN THE POWER SUPPLY Now for something muchsimoler.APCi't powered by mag. S02 power supply (PSU) snecessa'. Ours fs modular unt, meaning can pig and pull {ables asneaded Some PSUshave cables bultint the unt, making cable management ‘hassle so ityoucan, go modular Istalings simple. ust make surethe PSU fans ‘eter facing the chassis wet (or upwards Fit worksin with your alow scheme and thenscrew tin fromeutide the case, READY THE RAM > Withthe PSU nts time for anather simple step the memery Fst yu ‘need to locate the DIMM slots. DIMM could dot ory, that wasnt hep ‘They the four thin, RAN ength ot next tothe PU, nocer to tae advantage of any ual chanrel functionality. youl need toinstal the RAMin alternating sos Refer toyour ‘atherbosrd document fo det but fer us, the ots were labelled ‘3 Pacing te RAMs simple. Make ure thelocks atthe en of each lt are open. tind ‘theretch nyour RAM. net up wih henetchin te sot, sertt and pus ntl thelock ces andthe RAMs secur’ynplce. Dont be aad to push down hard SOME PSUS HAVE CABLES BUILT INTO THE UNIT, MAKING CABLE MANAGEMENT A HASSLE, SO IF YOU CAN, GO MODULAR INSTALL THE COOLER This stp wl vary depencing on what ‘ype ofcooker beng instaled, sobe sure toreterto the manufacturer's instructions youre using astock intel coter instalation as simple as ring up the smal fan and pressing down each comer upsthe lags snap int therotherboar, Most coolers requir some kindof backplate nstaoton wach means youl becoming fromthe underside of your ‘mothertoars With ana cole, you probably tescmountingsrews through the top ofthe motherboard and attach them tothe backpate wth nuts. Onthe top side, rectly over the CPU. goes the coolers, Make sure you pn each tomer around the CPU. Plug the cocle's power cabeintothe ‘motherboard. The manual sheudistrate where thepnsare nase theyre nt Inbeledon the motherboard eat We plugged into CPU_FAN and W_PUMP, INSTALL THE SSD Ofcourse overy Creed nonelatio ‘memory for storage, but rowdy, theres an allowance fr plenty of variation \ikat you see on these pages asiple Dull sointhscase were ust sticking with sree SSD. Instaling an SSD iseasyin this Fractal Design Dene R5 case. Yul find that ‘mest cases ae bultwith SSDs inmnd these days jst sore the dive into one of the prowded SSD Ways, andthen screw the SSD plus tray nto wherever the chassisallows. Now isa good timeto start ttnlong about cable management oo The dive willneed power andaway to ‘terface wth the ather PC comport, Fist you" eet plug the SATA data and ower cables into the ive Be sure to arrange your cables with Some lreoflege nminathat prevents them Fomtralingarossthe ‘metherboar, possible Most cases let yousnake cables trough thebase behind ‘hemabo by using convenient placed ‘outing holes, but allehassis are quite soln, Next the SATA dts cable pugsinto the ‘rotherboard. Some ugshave ferent ‘Speade or terfooes eo checkyour ‘matherboard manual or pects about ‘lich use. Last the power eabe goes {othe PSU asindestad ether on the PSU Aseltorinthe mana | [es a paps HOW TO BUILD A PC Feature INSTALL THE GPU t'stime to serious pump this PC up withthe graphics card Fortunate istaing sin your PCisertremely simple Fst remove the PCHE set shi near therear of te case where your vdeo arly. You nda most of ody raphe cards take up two ots. Grab your graphics card. gn ‘twat thePCTE slot ana press itdown gent untl you tel the card lock into place. Secure the graphics cry serewingtinviththumbecrews where the (Graphics cards needextra powerto function sofa the power cables your (GPU requtes and pg thom in eye ‘ypicaly labeled POE or VGA) Dan worry since PSU cablesonly whe theyre meant, harks toan elaborate setofequare ndheragonal pe cemporents, Of course, your PSUs moda, make surethecables are Pluggedinto the unit we FEATURE How to build a PC but those are stor to dalwith Putri rdnere rotherbard needs power to. Find AND THEN, APC! Be sure to take astepbackand dirkit alin. Youve (probably successful fxoressed yotrsel wa expense hardware, sweat ters anda healthy ose clove. Tiss the beginning ofanen era for yeu, butitdoesnthavetoend here Feelreeto ad components we dnt ‘cover youre afan of antiquatedtech, then teow inadsc drive. lant to open p your PC mote perierals? Asa bhuetoethrecelver Not encughred LEDSin your He? Wl, thenligh that sucker up is {your PC, make your way- The platforms ‘Spentorareason after a HOW TO BUILD A PC Feature aa LS One-manufacturer build with MST , — NR ANS a FACTURER BUILD WITH MSI STEM CAU om THON Onan Ar youl ats LENGTH OF TIME: 2-3 HOURS ates ee ceca) ee ee ar ‘components al working in tandem. That's the Cede a uu ce ae pee Ce eats Seu area ee ret ey pase eee eres Cat eeu Pe reece’ perettin Me ee Read ee nt er Foca er esa eeetny petted ear Se eo peer ene ert ce Ce ote eter te ceed Oe Ce eee eric) Cea ti ees Peebapeer tenet aed ee er rn) Ce esa rete Perret eroded pert ee eee reuse freee ad Peete Tener Prentiss eee et een esd Bil elles) Pepe eee eget en emery heey Rr ene pen beeen eas peer enya gy Core meee Perey Reece eerie) een eas eet peer tee Aer rota ueet re) ea bere Cece er tea eters a ea nea ec ice cned Repeater Ona a) eect Cord See ea eee Preece erie ‘hanks to its glant heatsink, but this cooling Rieter eee orn Peery ecg ere Peet ate ee Sone) Deena cote) Pen oer aad eS ee rec Pied beeen ay ee eat ete TS Pennie ene Pe eee en) fea Mein od Perce ua eee Coenen ere ce ee] eerste eens Pcneon res INGREDIENTS. Ta ee FEATURE One-manufacturer build with MST ENTER THE DRAGON {start with MSs ragor-emblazoned Seka 100R Case —2 fuse chasse thats compact and wort take upa tof space. The case comes wth four RGB fans pre nstaledthveeof which areinthe rent andere atthe rear Theres alsospace fortwomore fans atthe op. whieh Pt fend upusig later (Geestep) The caseis easy totake 2apart—atoppanel heepsboth the glass pandonthe let sie andthe ‘etal pane onthe rightstay n place, ‘The veiestpart Isthecable ‘management on the ear. 05 you needtokeep ablesfiat to side ‘he panel back on bentasetofpine onthe RGB tonto asa resutof our FANNING THE FLAMES ‘Thenext ste wastoinstal the radatr before doing anything else withthe case, Te ont of the case featires a vindow,buterl hallway down the ‘over, meaning yeucan only seehaf ofthe RGB fas. Idecidetoremoveall cfthe RG fas rom the ent and put wo of them atthe tpl the ull Tested the nor RGB ars that come wth the cooler inthe op partothe case front as theydbe obscuredby the metal art ofthe cover anyway. Fandsight | shouthave made thrgs ease and put the ada the topo the ‘case but stilthnk that is better atthe ork MSs radiator is deaceasy to ‘rstalasts relatively smal though the age cooing block sa ite cumbersome. removed te large laste cover over the dsl to make the Dud atte easier CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE Nextt was time to start adding components tothe meterboord while tas outside ofthe case started wih nta'chpsetby unheokng the sockets ‘rm opening the ch ana simply repping the chipset int place. shoul "ttconortabiy onthe materboard win the wntrgon the chip facgup and notmoving stray once place, The bracket requres ait force tohook backunder and nlathe process n place but nothing tobe afraid One chalenge| faced was that MS's cooler comes vith n LGAI7OO bracket for Infelchpsbut this wasnt incuedin the package— presumed mssingafter dag te rounds ath oer reviowers. Noma. pifored tebrakel rom ‘Sams NZXT H chassis andthat worked ne Make sue your cocler comes withthe right brackets and order separately snsedec SPATIUM STATION Sts Spatium M480 Play SSO it hal chunky, coming asi oes with a eatin that makes compat vith Sny's PSS console |removedthe cover ontherotherboard shad ntended to restate eats re-nstald on ts cove: However. after opening the SSD drive's box, the fest ‘hing saw vasa warring gant taking theheatsinkoft. ignored thisard ‘began remuing the serewson the drve hakng in plce remained ‘elt toremove thane fo whatever adhesive MSI has used "You win MS I hought andputthe screws bakin place and screved thedriveinto the ‘motherboard ass, nea the bereits of using ak MS components is tat ‘everthing matcnes, and loks pretty good to boot, Our photogrepher Oty \whohasan aversion to MS's ragonogo, bogs to citer, however RAISE THE ROOF Before dking the graphics caro thenewiy insted motherboard ured ‘4usetwootthe three RB fanslet over arc acdl them athe caine 38 ‘exhausts. Should have done ths befor instaling the rotherboard? Sure! ut hiss oly my second Maximum PC buds t's lessn or next ene Besides, these fans are elavely smalland the mounting sens are screwed iniromthe topo the case on the outst. so twas fd. The iting on these fans control by a pre-natal nit onthe rear ofthe ease wich has a single RGB coonector fat goes othe JRAINBOW header onthe ‘motherboard Ths unit controling onl.s0younsed to connec the fan leads rect tothe matherboard Thankfully, ths mobo has plenty of SYS. FAN headers forthe fe fans inside this case, sono problem there ONE-MANUFACTURER BUILD WITH MSI Feature GRAPHIC CONTENT rs RTX3050 Gaming Xs fairly compactirsde the casethanks tots ‘wefan design, Belere lista, need remove two ofthe shields inthe rear of thecase MSI's case design means that the screws hiding these ‘hin pace are covered by another metal shld whch has oles to get Serewckver though found this idly and unscrewed the shield during installotion. The RGB log canbe conroledby MSI's MysticLight app. The ‘graphics card also boasts higher boos clock of 845M ver the staord 50505 1777MH boost clock for some minor performance gains. aso found ‘te carrelatvely easy tobuy.at the tine of wring nceatng trattsof Imteduse to crypto miners or not protable enough for scapes. The only catch statis sti $100 more than the RRP of the standard RTX 3050, RAMPED UP Completing the matherboard construction phase ofthe buds the RAM. As thes 2 ODRS comoatble maherboard, | brought out he bg gure —two sticks of Corsa Vengeance 1663 4800MH2 performance DRAM, which Corsa rad knaly provided prevously We ted other manufacturers tose ‘hat DDRS theyhad bt ound leuk to get anything perhaps sn oF ‘Delon demand forthe tater standard gwen tw inated pees or conthuing low stock ovals. ALSZBS, ths itis nary deubl that of Corsairs DDRA ‘Vengeance its suchas the LPX or RGB Pro, Thsisanarea where youcan sve money without huge performance hit. spocally you have DDR Sticks already. tats the case. opt forthe DDR4 model ts motherboard, which wil save yousorne meney whe you wat for DORS prees ofl, COMBINING THE TWO ith he motherboardnow sportngalleompenents except the graphs ead itstimetogett tothe chasss However, oun ind the nie short "screws requited,peebably because some ofthese components had been Usedelsewnere. Thankful. avea magnetized drawer of spare Screws for “uchemergences anc withthe motherboard, twas tre toconnact the, (CPUcacer. | applcan LGAL?OO mun on therear ofthe matherboard ‘are there ie aholein the ace seeie the rock round the four Corners ofthe CPU, grabbed the cooing block and usedasceweivero ‘itn tint place, made sue the tubes tat connect the radiator othe block sat above the blocks, a thas an PS espay tet shows the temperate weather and aot ofothernfrmation FEATURE One-manufacturer build with MST WATT THE HECK Ihe put to foraslongas possible, butts now tine to instal the power supply and connect the power cables, ToMSTs cre. this stage petty easy thank to tscompact sear the fact that uly modular Yanda work tremtop to bottom when it comes to power, olstar wit the CPUpower «ableat the tp the motherboard then addin the metheriord power table. the GPU power cable and the SATA power cate usedor the fan letting The Sera 1OOR comes with 35 inch harccive bays the batt ofthe case. next othe power supply Because Im otnstaing any ‘mechanical drives inthis bull unsere thisbracet to make as much roam {5 possible fo the power cables, Whe matt Iemove the 25h dive bracket that sts ust below the motherboard to make things ook leaner through the window, © CONNECTING WITH NATURE ‘Tenet fy taskisfloping the case nits ide andconnectingallofthese ower cables angheadereabes orto the motherboard This nt arassiey Feary ease but t's stil eatiey easy to connect thecabes where they need ‘ogo. and theal back frsh tothe MSleamponentsandcabing crtanly appeals tothe statherin. Theres some RGB fom thefars andthe {GPU when tum ton but do ete ror look thisall SI ul. The ‘mast iy port of any bul isconnectingcabesto the matherboara headers. andthat sno aiferenthere~there are fe fan power cables to Connect a over the metherboard and needed someone tohaldaphone "lashight hen connecting the vanous case heaces such asreset and power button. aso add the plastic cover tothe CPU coer which easly eipson| with no serews TIE ME UP! TIE ME DOWN! Excited gett ofthe ease panels back on and the system poweredup. as halted ney tracksby myles than ste able maragerent Tomy red. had been eodrg excess cabing rough the case's leo bes but a rel, ‘yestedtnck bunches of cabs that pu pressure on te side pane, prevent rom ockingint place. nthe process ale ples enone ofthe RGB cables ancamaged two pins othe controler, whic bent ack to Place then spent 15 munutes releasing somecfthe cabin cut of hes, ‘eningitup tthe hoesinthetop of thecase hen tacking excess power ‘ables behind the PSU, wher there was plenty of space. Theres sn the ‘eanest okng back panel ve manages, But MSIS various cables werenice andlong anit weritbevisble WIN-D’OHS ‘ter putting the case ack together: headed tothe Mlcrosft te on my laptop to create a Windows instalation disk ad waited fort to dowricad ‘Mer an instalation ero, acfeert USB stick ed the sue Windows I was installed withn an hou, and ane hour ater, pertormes te test Wows updates, retaled Nias graphics oftware, and dounleaded MSI Certer rom the Microsoft Store. Having one app to contolalthe computers functions, rom ightng to temperatures and overclocking, makes ace change ram using a myriad of tferentsotvaretaleo mates teary tkeep ‘homatherboardeivrs and frmar up-to-date to masimatho systoms performance, MS apps wont wnany design awards but a there you ‘rant tinker. ONE-MANUFACTURER BUILD WITH MSI THE CONCLUSION ‘eating anal MSI bald using atest components a afunandreltvel trouble-free experience thatresuited in asatsfyngi unform ook Thesteath acklook on the major components bed the lighting on the fans, GPU, anaheatsk block ety op, and was particulty enamored withthe Felatvel smal footprint the case tse. (ur benchmarks demonstrated few interesting results as weoptedtocommpareittoa couple of ther recent ntl 12th generation bas Inboth our Api 2022 tel 1209 gen bul arc May 2022 ntl NUC bull, weuzedthe Geabyte (Geferce RIX 3050 Gain OC cara which cutperormed MSs cardby up to20percentin ‘couple of artes, thanksto ts higher core ‘ook speed of 1822s compared to MSs 1552 Atjust $20 more Keep an eye ot for Cigabyte'scardifyoure inthemarkt fran RTX3050, COnthe posite side, MSs Spatiam dive led up tts promised speeds, massively cutperermingthe PCle 3.0 Sarsung980 ive ncamparisos,andeven cutperferming the PCle 0 WD_BLACK SNB5O crivefromlact ‘ment’ ntelNUC bulls, particulary on ‘Sequential rte speeds MSI ve even keeps Up nth the best rvs frm our SSD group test Inthe previous sve, featuring the tke XP, ‘Seagate, and Samsun, “The Cheneh score asparty as also eye openingbetween te top-end 12800K in ‘Pesbulland themidrangelnteiCore ogi. youre doingalet of PULhaavy peratins stay be worth going or te more fexpensive'8 chip. or at east something a between tyourea gamer though. ts clear that Intes12thgen Core Schipsmore than encugh ‘when pared wth the RTX 3050, What are the benafts of gong al MSlon tis bua? Aside roma Windows 1 instalation sue ‘hat required sto change USB fash civ, t was simple bul but we expect that even wehad used erent manufacturer's Component. What we enjoyed most thous, ‘was being abe to ure MSs Dragon Center Feature MSI's CPU coolercomes witha 2inchIPS display ‘that canbe conigured toctsplay information on the temperature, weather images or video. and Wehope yourrefans ofthe Msi dragon ogo. asthere sarenoless than four visible, through the window ofthe case, Wedo like the uniformity though Welike therestraines amountof RGBinthe case, which justaddsa splash of colour toanothernse stealthy look Thiscase comeswitha removable2.5 inchcadey below the matherbearc but we tookitauttocompletethe clean software in Windowsto contro every element of the system. 'MSlalso supple us wth GKSO Low Profle “TL Keyboard revened incur Marchissus). 2 CCch GM wireless mouse, MPG Arymis 2730QRX-Q0 monitor and GVEOmecrophone—all ‘which could be managed from one singe piece ‘ot software, Oniy personalPC, tuna Gigabyte ‘motherboard, Logtech peripherals anda Razer headset andhaveso many eferent apps that ‘eve: bothor changing the stirgs. Rader thinkabeurt gong sile manufacturer inmy pext persorabuid See younexttime! BENCHMARKS COMPARISON Sonar Fre Ske Once) [14.095 | 157 (25) SERENE ey (zm | aan0 canary ryt 327, = Seen ted 9) eae xylan 22m Be cau anew Soph Pie ry |277 : Teta War Warmers) [72 | 68 A) soft Tomb aera [13 | 10785 (48%) Temiageys Ghost Recon oe 7 | asacis%) 1512400, he faster DDRS RAM in ths system ‘may abohavesemethng todo wth ths, but [Bvencther benchmark tests, we suspect i's | 240 City ore TH2080 Carey 0C 38. Cr Wren S08 DO 3200. Se aa LS cement td RYZEN AGAIN The resurrection of WED Five years ago, AMD nearly went to the wall. Now, it has the edge on CENCE MHI IN led e-em ete nIN a ICC oS eC Cel enoNl pete Peo) oer peer as ern Sere eo reser eee eee peered See ees ee eee tees eee ene oe a ee ray eed CE ed Stecresc eo Coa Uae uuea te al poorer aso peers Seema Seen Cees ee! ee er err tas aS aa car eS eats LEGITIMATE QUESTION TO ASK WHETHER AMD CAN OVERTURN INTEL'S DOMINANCE OF THE PC FEATURE The resurrection of AMD LUNDENIABLY INTIMATE. Often symbote. And occasionaly parasite Such hasbeen AMD's Felatonship ver the decades with its seatest rival Intel Tul these ae two ‘compares with shared destiny, The Story of AND begins way backin 1968. neva, Inttloome age rit fromthe begining. AMO was funded by eight former employees of Fach Semicenditor and headed up by none ther than Jery Sanders, former ‘marking bess of Farchldand the leading are n AMD's early yrs tne ‘oni 2 months earer that Robert Novee ‘ane Gordon Moore alo let Fh to sat ‘you guessed Inte Beth ofthe companias set out to make an roc inthe nascent iterated ‘routs busines, there known as ‘compute chips ut rom th tart. they took fret paths. Intel went heay on the RED to create ts orn designs whe AMD oped for the quicker andes expensive route to market by beng 2 so-called second source supplier of mcrochps designed by Farchd ard National Semicond Second sourcing al about securing reliable component supply and not ‘depencing on jst ore compa, Youcan read how AMD went rom a seeand source ‘Supplier of BM-compatible CPUS ta sharing ful acces tolnttsallmportant 186 instruction satin the boxe on page 37.But suc to say, bythe eat 1980s, AMD was caviegauta riche asthe leading aerate to lnelin the PC processor mart. Intnl, AND was much more cempettie uring ths early period than the tard naeatwe of perennial Uundordog lows. The ust etrain around ‘AMD's ater-day sucess with ts current Zer-baeed CPUs ives the mighty KB Sees te architecture that underpmed the Alon 68 a5 the only substantia example of AMD geting one over on ts archrnemesis ut the real story s much ‘more compicated than that As early a5 1964, AMD was rmanufactring ints 285 processor as 2 second souroe supple to IBM but achiourgup to 20MHe clckspeeds whereas Intel rehouse chip topped out at ]OMHe The 385 ra wos someting ot ‘hiatus. as AMD and intel ered or Fights tothe x85 ISA but when AMD ‘vertualy managed to verse engineer the inte chap tke the 286, AMO’ ake on 385 outlockedits intel vat evant ntl the Pentium rate rich ]990s, however. that AMD atternpted itscumntuein-house design. te ited KS. Arguably AMD's st majo fare, KS aed ae than plannedin 1996, missed isclockspeed targets. and generally could’ compete wth Ins then protagonist the Petiuo Pro. AMD revere withthe KS the folowing year nd kept ntl honest right tough th late 2003 often landing signicat bows wth ci te the KZ atherise known 28 the frst Alon processor but never quite rocking Chexila out Tat brigs us toa otal moment in AMD's story. the ral of K, the mighty Aton 64 ‘Codenamed iswhammer he thon 64.was the rst desktop CPU to celver 64-tistruction capably tthe desktop Not only that but italsodevered ‘outstanding per-clock performance ata ‘ime when Ines Pena 4 Netourst axchtecture washitt.a frequency val Once intended to sae al the way to 10GHz Intl ound cockepeed pane increasingly tough beyond 4GH The ‘Athlon 64 wasn thst compete, t solute trounced the Pentium 4 KS washer in server sytem to, thanks tos advanced integrated memory controler and Hyper Tansportintrin, which made rte’ Font Sie Bus anc rorthbrdgetectnlogy look every it as rtiquated a twas, KB should have been the merent when AMD finaly became Intel’ equal But, somehow, AMD lt that ‘advantage sip ste years teed by and i and ts descendant aged, AMD's product execution got worse and werse Not only id AMO fat release a uly row core arcitoctre freight ears Fotowing the oignal KB but when ad make aaj revision tain KB ‘quac-ore and cang it K10, AMD ‘managed to adda serious flay. known a3 the TB ve! From ther, the KB ine never try recovered. By the ate 2000s something roll anc new was esque, Tha Someting tuned out tobe Bulldozer Intendecta be the once an fur kg of (Pus, loser instead became the vin ‘ofthe AMD stery the architecture that real brought the company down, Released in ite 201, Bulldoce wastoy many measures the mest acvanoed ae forwarding PC processor AMD, or anyother company for that mate has THE RESURRECTION OF AMD Feature ver produced, t unceremoniously che ‘conventional rng around CPUS containing mute almost entirely CSecrete CPU cores in air of much ‘more complet and highly integrated architecture designed around maxes ach made contaned a pa of teger Units and shared not only its istruction| ‘decode andretee hardare but alee LI {and (2 eache along wha single floating pit unt. Une anything AMD and intel had produced before. the ‘hiking behind auléazer was to produce smaler,moreefientenips that weld ‘elver exceptional mtthreades perermance for agen ee area, BULLDOZER ISSUES Markee as the AMD FX, part ofthe problem wth Buldzer was that itd rot "Contain conventional cores that cole easly be compared wth Ines CPU ce ‘ven AMDS legacy design The fst topotherange FXAIS0 chips were packed with eu Buldzor modules, but [AMD ches fo pth them as eight-core (CPUs Whe a Buldozer module was ‘early re complex than an el PU. fare, such were the extensive shared resources in each utteger module that singe-ore performance was Ssappoimirg despite runing higher 42GHz peak cockspeeds compared tits predecessor and ried nes 38GH2 (Cre 7-2600K competitor Ander we say dsappointng we mean it Notonly as Bullozrsehty ‘ower than AMO’ ede and cutgong Phenom K10-based CPU when tame to ingl-core worlond. bu Intes 260K was also oughly 60 percent taster Compounding the srgiecore perlrmance rable was the tac that the POsoftaae ecosystem had yet oly ‘embrace the rttreaded mode something that was partly tue of tomes, ot least bacause the prevaiing eration of Microsofts DirectX mutimedia ‘AP had poor support fr mut-core US ‘The upshot” Bulozer had ited epportunty todo ts mult-core thing. But fren hen could i wae more a case of ‘losing the gp tothe mecely quac-core 200K than actualy overtaking Bulcozer defintely ca rot perfor he 3 fulleght core CPU and twin, by ary ane measure a falure. The consequence for AMD's business was catastrophic. In 2012. AMD lost ovr Sibion. By mi 2015, most incusty cers were predicting AND would go tarkrupt. total took ve lerg years for AMD to return to prot. “The story of how AMD tuned things aru from the Bulldozer dtcle (viously centers on Zen, the CPU architecture that saved the company. But there's plenty more to AMD's renal besides Indeed, some aspects of AMOS. recovery dat back to long before uldezr appeared let lane Ze. 2008, AMD announced pans to spin of ts in-bouse fount the part ofthe company that fabricated CPU des into ne, separate entty known 3s Gletal Foundries ‘tthe timethe mow looked ke a cesperate measure to rject funds into an Increasingly cash-starved busines than 3 postive long-term strategy However the ltteris exactly how things have now turned aut When AMD itched is om fabs, inl had ng been the undsputed word leader in hp production. More recent nts fabs have been n serious trou ts L0rm nade as taken Soong ‘te come up that ntl fet the nae to rebran titel 7 to make ook more ‘competi Intel Ir was at ast ve yea te when itcae fully on stream last yer ‘Alithe whe, AMDhasbeen a customer ‘of TSMC, te Taanese foundry that now has clear edgp ovr everyone else when itcomes to proces techncogy. Such ‘TSMC’ curenttechnlogial advantage. Intel has made the ruriiating move ot announcing plans to fxm out some of ts ‘oun chip production t the Taiwanese ‘utitAdrattecy TSMC'S Fam rode is probably ony comparable torte’ 10nm roe in terms f transistor deity and ‘fceney. But AMD was able to start producrg CPUs onthe TSMC Jem in ‘rich 2015 woul take ntl anather 25 yeas launch its fst nm desktop processor, the 12th Gen Alder Lake CPU, ‘TSMC ADVANTAGE aking matters worse fr tel TSMC has ‘actualy been procucng chi ons even more achanced Som node since 2020 for ‘ther customers. most notably Apple AMD ise to unc ts frst Som CPU. late ths year We don expect Irtelo release TSMC's produced CPUs uti at lest 2023 andi thewise doubtful whether welsee chips based on Inte ‘the cect competitor to TSMC Sen, bor the end ofrent year ether nshert ittunsout that sling ofits abs and parnerng with TSMC hae given AMD 8 huge advantage in terms of production techrology. Maybe that was planed, Maybe it wasiuck Butit's been absoity crea al the same Anoter part ofthe current recovery that actualy began before the Buldoze

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