Name: John Andrew B.

Cruz
Student Number: 2012-03554
Degree Program: Master of Environment and Natural Resources Management (MENRM)
Course Title: ENRM 240 – Aquatic Ecosystems

Home Quiz No. 2

1. Enumerate all colors used in the PAGASA Rainfall Warning System (RWS). What do all
these colors mean?

2. Supply the missing information in terms of trophic condition and origin of each lake:

 Lake Buhi (Camarines Sur)

 Lake Lanao (Lanao del Sur)
 Lake Pandin (Laguna)

Answers to Home Quiz No. 2

1. According to the official website of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and

Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), the PAGASA Rainfall Warning System
(RWS) uses three colors for their rainfall advisories, with a darker color signifying higher
intensity:

 Yellow Rainfall Advisory

In terms of the amount of precipitation, a yellow rainfall advisory indicates that 7.5-
15 mm of rain per hour is recorded and it is projected to continue for the next two
hours. For affected residents, it is advised to monitor the weather condition in their
area, and flooding is possible in low-elevation areas and communities near river
channels.

 Orange Rainfall Advisory

An orange warning advisory means that 15-30 mm of rain per hour is observed and it
is projected to go on for the next two hours. Residents of the affected communities
with an orange warning should stay alert and start preparing for a probable evacuation
since flooding is already expected in these areas.

 Red Rainfall Advisory

If the observed amount of rainfall is greater than 30 mm per hour and it is projected to
continue for the next two hours, or if there is continuous downpour of more than 65
mm of rain for the past three hours, a red rainfall advisory is given. This means that
the affected residents should start evacuating their area and precautionary measures
should be in place since severe flooding is already expected.
 2. The following table summarizes the trophic condition and origin of the given lakes:

Lake Location Trophic Condition Origin

Lake Buhi Camarines Sur Eutrophic Volcanic
Lake Lanao Lanao del Sur Oligotrophic Volcanic
Lake Pandin Laguna Oligotrophic Volcanic

References:

Baloloy, A. B., Guzman, M. A. L. G., Perez, T. R., Salmo, S. G., Unson, J. R. S., & Baldesco, J. D.
(2016). Phytoplankton composition and diversity in response to abiotic factors in Lake Buhi,
Camarines Sur, Philippines. Algological Studies, 150(1), 21–38. doi: 10.1127/algol_stud/2016/0233

Cruz, G. de la. (n.d.). How to use PAGASA's color-coded rainfall advisory. Retrieved from
https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/disasters/preparedness/88868-use-pagasa-color-coded-
rainfall

Laguna Lake Development Authority. (n.d.). Seven Crater Lakes. Retrieved February 9, 2020, from
http://llda.gov.ph/seven-7-crater-lakes/

LakeNet. (n.d.). Lake Profile: Buhi. Retrieved February 9, 2020, from

http://www.worldlakes.org/lakedetails.asp?lakeid=8378

Metillo, E., Masorong, A., Macabangkit, S. A., Licayan, J. R., Tordesillas, D., & Papa, R. D. (2014). First
record of the invasive Arctodiaptomus dorsalis (Marsh, 1907) (Copepoda:Calanoida:Diaptomidae) in
Lake Lanao (Mindanao Island, Philippines). Acta Manilana, (62), 19–23.

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration. (n.d.). Legends.

Retrieved February 9, 2020, from http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/learnings/legend

Rosagaron, R. P. (2001). Lake Lanao: Its past and present status. In C. B. Santiago, M. L. Cuvin-Aralar,
& Z. U. Basiao (Eds.), Conservation and Ecological Management of Philippine Lakes in Relation to
Fisheries and Aquaculture (pp. 29-39). Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines: Aquaculture Department,
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center; Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines: Philippine Council
for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development (PCAMRD), Department of Science and
Technology; Quezon City, Philippines: Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR),
Department of Agriculture, Quezon City, Philippines.