2.

2 : DOUBLE INTEGRALS (PART 3)

- RE VI S I ON ON F I N DI NG ARE A UN DE R T H E C URVE
- VOLUME S AN D DOUB LE I N TEG RALS
- DO UB LE I N TEG RAL S O VE R G E N E RAL RE G I ONS
- RE VE RSI N G ORDE R
- DO UB LE I N TEG RAL I N P O L AR C O O RDI NATES
- CE N T ER OF MA S S OF A LA MI NA
 CENTER OF
MASS OF A
LAMINA

- Application of integration
 MASS
If the lamina (a flat plate) corresponds to the region R, we
can find the mass of the lamina with

𝑚 = න න 𝜌 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴
𝑅

can be i) Constant density OR uniform density : 𝜌

ii) Variable density : 𝜌 𝑥, 𝑦
Eg: 𝜌 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑦,

#Note: Density, 𝜌 is normally expressed as mass per unit volume. For a planar
lamina, however, density is mass per unit surface area.
EXAMPLE 1
Find the mass of a triangular lamina with vertices (0,0), (0,3),
and (2,3), given that the density at (x,y) is 𝜌 𝑥, 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦.
EXAMPLE 2
Find the mass of the lamina corresponding to the first-quadrant
portion of the circle
x2 + y2 = 4
where the density at the point (x,y) is proportional to the
distance between the point and the origin, as shown in the
figure.
 MOMENT AND CENTER OF MASS
• Center of mass (C.O.M) : Behaves as if the lamina’s entire mass is concentrated at one point, which will
creates equilibrium or the lamina balances horizontally.
• Notation for COM : 𝑥,ҧ 𝑦ത - also known as centroid.

𝑀𝑦 𝑀𝑥
How to find centroid? Use : 𝑥,ҧ 𝑦ത = ,
𝑚 𝑚
where 𝑀𝑥 = න න 𝑦 𝜌 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴 ; the moment of mass wrt x-axis.

𝑀𝑦 = න න 𝑥 𝜌 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴 ; the moment of mass wrt y-axis.

#Note that, for some lamina you can determine the center of mass (or one of its coordinate)
using symmetry instead of integration.

For example,

The lamina is symmetry with respect to y. So the

center of mass lies on the y-axis and 𝑥ҧ = 0.
EXAMPLE 3
A lamina R is bounded by the graphs of 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 𝑥 and the x-axis as shown below. Find the y-
13
coordinate of the center of mass of the lamina if the mass of the lamina is 20 and the density is
given by 𝜌 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑦.

𝑦= 𝑥
EXAMPLE 4
Find the center of mass of a lamina with uniform density 𝜌 that is bounded by the graphs of
𝑥 = 4 − 𝑦 2 and 𝑥 = 0.
EXERCISE 2.2 (PART 3)!
1. A thin plate of constant density k bounded by the parabola 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 and the line 𝑦 = 3 has a mass of
4k. Find the center of mass of the plate.
[ANS: (0,9/5)]
2. A lamina is bounded by the graphs below parabola 𝑦 = 2 − 𝑥 2 and above line 𝑦 = 𝑥. Sketch the region
of the lamina and find its mass and centre of mass if the density is given by 𝜌 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 .
[ANS: m=63/20 and 𝑥,ҧ 𝑦ത = (−1.1429, −0.4082)]