2.

4 : CHANGE OF VARIABLES

o UV-tranformations (in double integrals)

o UVW-transformations (in triple integrals)

#Note: Use a Jacobian to change variables, from (x,y) to (u,v).

 CHANGE OF VARIABLES FOR DOUBLE INTEGRAL
T H E O R E M
Suppose that a region S in uv-plane transformed one-to-one into the region R in the xy-plane by
the equations 𝑥 = 𝑔(𝑢, 𝑣) and 𝑦 = ℎ(𝑢, 𝑣). Thus, the effect of a transformation T on a region S in
the uv-plane is as follows,

T transforms S into a region R in the xy-plane called the image of S and since T is one-to-one, it
has an inverse transformation T-1 from the xy-plane to the uv-plane.

2
CHANGE OF VARIABLES FOR DOUBLE INTEGRAL (cont.)

Hence, the uv-transformation in double integral is

𝒙,𝒚
‫ 𝒙 𝒇 𝑹׭‬, 𝒚 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚 = ‫ 𝒖 𝑭 𝑺׭‬, 𝒗 𝑱 𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒗 @ 𝒅𝒗 𝒅𝒖
𝒖,𝒗

𝑥,𝑦 1 𝑢,𝑣 𝑢𝑥 𝑢𝑦
where 𝐹 𝑢 , 𝑣 = 𝑓 𝑔 𝑢, 𝑣 , ℎ(𝑢, 𝑣) and 𝐽 = 𝑢,𝑣 where 𝐽 = 𝑣 𝑣𝑦 is the
𝑢,𝑣 𝐽 𝑥,𝑦 𝑥
𝑥,𝑦
Jacobian of the transformation T.

𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝑥,𝑦 𝜕(𝑥,𝑦) 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝑥𝑢 𝑥𝑣 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
#Note: 𝐽 = = 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
= 𝑦 𝑦𝑣 = −
𝑢,𝑣 𝜕(𝑢,𝑣) 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣

3
EXAMPLE 1
Use the transformation 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 𝑦, 𝑣 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦 to evaluate the integral
‫( 𝑅׭‬2𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦. For the region R bounded by the lines 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 4, 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 7, 𝑦
= 𝑥 − 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1.
EXAMPLE 2
𝑦 𝑥,𝑦 1
Show that the Jacobian transformation J of 𝑢 = , 𝑣 = 𝑥𝑦, is given by 𝐽 = − . Then, use this
𝑥 𝑢,𝑣 2𝑢
transformation to evaluate ‫ 𝑦𝑥 𝑅׭‬3 𝑑𝐴 , where R is the rectangular region in the first quadrant
enclosed by the lines y = x, y = 3x , xy = 1 and xy = 4.
EXAMPLE 3 𝑦
4 +1 2𝑥−𝑦
Evaluate ‫׬‬0 ‫𝑦׬‬2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 using uv-transformation.
2
2
 CHANGE OF VARIABLES FOR TRIPLE INTEGRAL

A similar change of variables formula for triple integral is a transformation T

that maps a region S in uvw-space onto a region R in xyz-space. The Jacobian
of T is the following 3 X 3 determinant:

𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒗 𝝏𝒘
𝝏(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚
=
𝝏(𝒖, 𝒗, 𝒘) 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒗 𝝏𝒘
𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒛
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒗 𝝏𝒘

10
EXERCISE 2.4!
𝑥−𝑦
1. Use a suitable uv-transformation evaluate ‫𝑅׭‬ 𝑑𝐴 where R is the region enclosed by x – y = 0,
𝑥+𝑦
x – y = 1, x + y = 1 and x + y = 3.
1
(ANS: ln 3)
4

𝑦 𝑦
2. Use the transformations 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 and 𝑣 = to set up the integral ‫ 𝑥𝑑 𝑦𝑑 𝑅׭‬in terms of u and v
𝑥 𝑥
for the region R in the first quadrant lying between the graphs of 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5, 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 3, 𝑥 = 2𝑦 and
2 2

𝑦 = 0.
1 3
(ANS: − ln )
2 4

2 2𝑦+1
3. Use the transformations 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 2𝑦 and 𝑣 = 𝑦 to evaluate ‫׬‬0 ‫׬‬2𝑦 𝑥 − 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 .
(ANS: 4/3)