GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

BIOMOLECULES
Plant/Animal Growth and Development

Nutrients
Plant and animals have progressed differently. Based substances obtained from various food sources
on phylogenetic evidence or the evolutionary history provide energy for the organism’s metabolic
of organisms, the primitive ancestor of plants and processes such as growth, maintenance, reproduction,
animals was likely a unicellular eukaryote. and even immunity.

Modes of Nutrition
Non motile
1. Autotrophic
autotrophic organisms can
manufacture their nutrients
by synthesizing inorganic
materials
Motile
a. Photoautotrophic
organisms directly use the energy
from the sun and other inorganic
substances such as CO2 and H2O
to form organic food.

b. Chemoautotrophic
organisms use chemicals to create
simpler organic substances
important to their survival

2. Heterotrophic
heterotrophic organisms
cannot make their own food,
and thus obtain energy by
digesting organic matter

a. Saprotrophic
Nutrition organisms obtain their
nutrients from dead
organic matter.

b. Parasitic
is the process of providing or obtaining food organisms take food from
necessary for health, survival, and growth of an another organism
organisms parasitic nutrition is exhibited
by plants and animals
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Parasitic

Ectoparasitism
happens when the parasite is outside the host

Endoparasitism
involves parasites that live inside the body of the
host

c. Holozoic
organisms ingest solid or liquid food
food is digested and absorbed by the body.

Herbivorous
organisms that take in only
plants as source of their energy
are classified as herbivores

Carnivorous
organisms that eat other animals
are called carnivores

Omnivorous
organisms that take in both
plants and animals are called
omnivores

Gas
Exchange
GAS EXCHANGE IN PLANTS
occurs in the leaves
Photosynthetic and cellular respiration are two
biological process involved in gas exchange in
GAS EXCHANGE IN ANIMALS plants
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Stomata
• specialized pores where gases
enter in the leaves
• contain guard cells

Guard cells
• control the opening and closing
of the pores

Suberin
• a waxy waterproof substance that does not
allow gases and water to pass through

Lenticels
• provide a pathway for the direct exchange of
gases between the internal tissue of the plant and
the atmosphere

Transport
and
Circulation
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Regulation of
Body Fluids

FLUID REGULATION PLANTS

Water
is one of the main substances needed by plants

Photolysis
photochemical process that allows water
molecules to split in the presence of light

Osmosis
this is the tendency of water to pass through the
semipermeable membrane of plant cell
Chemical and
Transpiration
is the process wherein water exits the plant
Nervous Control
through the stomata of the leaves because of
evaporation

Adhesion- cohesion property of water

this allows the water to move up through a plant

Capillary action
this refers to the movement of liquid across a
solid surface, which is caused by adhesion

Fluid Regulation
in Animals