AL FURAT PETROLEUM COMPANY SCHEDULE “Z”

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AL FURAT PETROLEUM COMPANY

SCHEDULE “Z”

STEEL STRUCTURES

AUGUST 1996

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USER FEEDBACK PAGE

Any user who identifies an inaccuracy, error, ambiguity or omission is requested to notify
the chairman of the "Discipline Standards Committee" which designator is shown below, so
that appropriate action can be taken. The user is requested to return this page fully
completed, indicating precisely the amendment(s) proposed.

From:

To: TES (Chairman of the Discipline Standards Committee)

Date:

A - Description of discrepancy detected

B - [ ] Correction proposed [ ] Clarification required

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REVISION STATUS
PREPARATION, REVISION AND APPROVAL OF
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

AUTHORIZED BY

DATE
TES TES/D TEN TEN/1 TM TM/1 REVISION
ISSUED

INFORMATION ON THIS PAGE IS FOR USE BY AFPC ONLY AND IS NOT TO

BE PRINTED AS PART OF THE SCHEDULE.

Chairman of the "Discipline Standards Committee:":

This document is an update of the earlier revision of AFPC schedules Z “Standard Specification for
Design of Structural Steel”, and Z-CP “Structural steel fabrication and erection”, as enclosed in
resent RFQ’s in support of bidders on EPC contracts.

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Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. General

1.2. Scope and Definitions

2. CODE COMPLIANCE

3. DESIGN & ENGINEERING

4. STRUCTURAL DETAILS

5. MATERIALS

6. FABRICATION

7. WELDING AND WELD INSPECTION

8. BOLTED JOINTS

9. SURFACE PROTECTION

10. ERECTION

11. STEEL BUILDINGS

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Scope and Definitions:

Within this specification the following definitions shall apply:

COMPANY : Al Furat Petroleum COMPANY or a designated Engineer/constructor

performing work on behalf of Al Furat Petroleum COMPANY.

CONTRACTOR : The CONTRACTOR, Vendor or contractor selected by Company to perform

the
work or provide equipment and services as described in this specification.

INSPECTOR : The individual(s) designated by company to act on COMPANY's behalf for all
matters relating to Quality Control, Testing, and acceptance of the work
described in this specification.

The responsible contractor shall be held accountable for the complete design, fabrication and erection
of the structure.

1.2. General

This specification gives minimum requirements of steel structures for installations.

- It is intended for use in AFPC's facilities.

In all cases CONTRACTOR shall inform the COMPANY of any deviation from the requirements of
this specification which is considered to be necessary.

For items not covered by the reference international codes or this specification, the design,
engineering and construction shall be based on economical practices in accordance with
internationally accepted codes, with a preference to American Standards.

As a basis for the engineering, fabrication or erection the supplier of the steel structure or the erection
Contractor will normally receive with the inquiry, one or more instruction drawings giving the
necessary information on the structure, together with a covering requisition stating specific
requirements.

2. CODE COMPLIANCE
All facilities shall be constructed in accordance with these specification and the latest edition of
following codes and standards in case of contradictions between the international codes and this
specifications the latest shall be prevailed.

2.1. AISC Manual of Steel Construction.

2.2. AISC Plastic Design in Steel.

2.3. ANSI A-12.1 Safety Requirements for Floor and Wall Openings, Railings and Toeboards.

2.4. ANSI A-14.3 Safety Requirements for Fixed Ladders.

2.5. ANSI A-58.1 Minimum Design Loads in Buildings and other Structures.

2.6. ANSI A-64.1 Requirements for Fixed Industrial Stairs.

2.7. AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code.

2.8. ASTM A-385 Providing High Quality Zinc Coatings (Hot Dip) on Assembled Products.

2.9. For prefabricated buildings, Metal Building Manufacturers Association "Code of Standard

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Practice and Recommended Design Practice Manual".

2.10. American Welding Society (AWS) Structural Welding Code-Steel, AWS D1.1

2.11. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges.

Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings.

Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A440 Bolts.

2.12. American Petroleum Institute (API)

Spec 2B, Specification for Fabricated Structural Steel Pipe.

2.13. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

A325, High-Strength Bolts for Structural Steel Joints, Including Suitable Nuts and Plain
Hardened Washers.

A123, Zinc (Hot-Galvanized) Coating on Produce Fabricated from Rolled, Pressed and Forged
Steel Shapes, Plates, Bars and Strips.
A36, A307, A233, A607, A525, A572 AFPC Standard Schedules V and P

3. DESIGN AND ENGINEERING

3.1. General

The design of a steel structure shall take into account not only the properties of the materials of
construction and the calculated stresses for the members, but also the prevailing conditions of the local
environment and the requirements at site, the details of construction, methods of erection and
fabrication and their effect on cost, in order to achieve a safe and economic structure.

Where the design has been provided by COMPANY all loadings (dead loads, live loads, wind loads,
etc.) and the main and detail dimensions shown on the relevant instruction drawing(s) forming part of
the inquiry or purchase order shall be strictly adhered to. Deviations may be made only after approval
in writing from the COMPANY.

Where the supplier of the steel structure is to determine the dimensions of members from the loading
specification provided by the COMPANY, he shall do so in accordance with this Specification.

3.2. Lateral Stability

3.2.1. Lateral stability of structures may be obtained either through bracing of the knee, diagonal,
V- type, or by moment connected design. Vertical bracing shall be designed for axial loads
only.

3.2.2. Clearance requirements shall be checked. Where none of these factors control, bracing for
lateral
stability of structures shall clear finished grade or paving by a minimum of two meters.

3.3. Connections

3.3.1. All shop connections shall be welded unless otherwise specified. Where bolts are used, they
shall
be 19 mm minimum diameter. All field bolted connections shall be per AISC Specifications.

3.3.2. Beveled washers shall be installed under the heads of bolts or nuts when bearing on the tapered
flange of structural members when such bolts are employed to support equipment. Reveled
washers also shall be used where necessary to provide flat bearing for diagonal tie-rod bracing.

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3.4. Fireproofing

Where fireproofing material is required, steel structures shall be designed for the additional load. The
extent of the fireproofing should conform to code requirements and COMPANY's Cover plates for the
protection of fireproofing for stanchions and beams shall be included in the supply of the steel
structures.

3.5. Clearance

Unless otherwise specified, the clearances recommended in Layout of Facilities shall be maintained.

4. STRUCTURAL DETAILS:

4.1. Platforms and Walkways

4.1.1. Platforms with unobstructed minimum width of 1 meter shall be provided for elevated valves,
heat exchangers, tower and vessel manways, etc.

4.1.2. Platforms more than 9 meters long shall have two means of access/egress at opposite ends of the
platform.

4.1.3. Platforms for turnaround blinding shall be provided only where portable or temporary
scaffolding is impractical (generally above 5 meters).

4.1.4. Access walkways not used as maintenance platforms shall be a minimum of 750 mm wide and
have a minimum clear headroom of 2 meter.

4.1.5. Platforms serving vessel manways located in the top head shall be located below the face of the
manway flange at a distance sufficient to permit the removal of the flange bolts from the bottom
of the flange. Top head platforms on vessels shall have a minimum of 1 meter clearance
between
edges of flanges and the outer edge of platform to provide working area around flanges.
Platforms serving manways shall be sized to permit 180° opening of hinged manway cover
without interference from structure or handrail.

4.1.6. Platform flooring shall be open-type, banded grating or in special cases, 6 mm minimum raised
pattern floor plate. Floor plates shall be bolted to supporting members. Where open-type
grating
is used, it is to be of the pressure-locked or welded design. All grating shall be fastened to
structural steel with saddle-type fasteners or welded studs. Flooring shall be restrained to
prevent lateral movement.

4.1.7. The back of the inner ring angles or circular platforms shall clear vessel wall, or insulation by
approximately 75 mm.

4.1.8. Hinged self-closing gates are to be provided at all openings in guard rails, except where there is
an entrance to a ramp or stairway. Gates shall be mounted so as to be conveniently operated, and
shall withstand a load of 100 kg applied in any direction except upwards.

4.2. Ladders and Stairways

4.2.1. Primary access to platforms attached to vessels and to auxiliary service platforms shall be by
means of ladders. Primary access to main operating and service levels, tank tops, and the roofs
of buildings supporting major equipment shall be by means of stairways with secondary access
by ladder. Ladder access to tops of small tanks is acceptable with COMPANY approval.

4.2.2. Primary components of ladders and stairs shall be rolled structural shapes, not bent sheet steel.
All-welded construction shall be utilized, except that bolted connections may be used to attach
ladders and stairs to equipment and skids if shipping constraints required them to "ship loose".
If welded construction is not practical, bolted construction may be used with prior approval of
COMPANY, provided that all other requirements of this specification are met.

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4.2.3. Ladders shall conform to ANSI A14.3 and applicable governmental codes and regulations.
Ladders shall have solid, round rungs and shall not be less than 450mm wide.

4.2.4. Rail ladders shall be fastened at top and bottom, and at intermediate points as determined by
design load requirements.

4.2.5. Ladders shall be located to provide "side step" access from adjoining platforms where possible.

4.2.6. A toe clearance space 230 mm deep over the full width of the ladder shall be provided behind
all
ladders.

4.2.7. Cages which conform to ANSI A14.3 shall be provided on ladders as required by governing
codes and regulations.

4.2.8. Stairways shall conform to ANSI A64.1 and shall be not less than 750 mm wide.

4.2.9. Stair railings shall be provided on both sides unless adequate protection is afforded by an
adjacent structure.

4.2.10. The stair tread shall be not less than 200 mm wide. The tread run and rise shall equal 450mm.

4.3. Equipment Skids

Skids shall be designed for dry, operating and hydrotest conditions. A superimposed live load of
60kg/square meter shall be applied to all skid open areas for each loading condition.
Total package weights and centers of gravity locations for dry, operating and hydrotest conditions
shall be shown on approval drawings.

For hydrostatic test loading, the allowable stresses may be increased by 20 percent. A maximum
deflection of L/200 and a maximum bending stress of 1300 kg per square centimeter shall be allowed
on primary longitudinal beams designed for the appropriate considerations of loading and support, as
stated for Cases I and II that follow. L shall be taken as the distance between supports or the length of
cantilevers as applicable. Design shall be for either case I or case II, whichever is applicable.

Case I.

Skids which have saddle-mounted vessels shall have primary transverse beams located for direct,
continuous saddle support.
Primary longitudinal beams shall be designed for two supports with overhangs at each end not
exceeding 20 percent of skid length. The locations of supports for primary longitudinal beams shall
coincide with vessel saddle locations or else vessel saddle locations shall be placed between
longitudinal support locations.

Case II.

For skids which do not have a saddle-mounted vessel, but are composed primarily of piping and
related equipment, the longitudinal members shall be designed for two supports with overhangs not
exceeding 20 percent of the skid length at each end of the skid. The load shall be the portion of the
total weight that will be applied to the beam plus the weight of applicable skid members.

The design locations of all supports for primary longitudinal skid beams shall be shown on approval
drawings. Final support locations shall be permanently marked on skid beams.

4.3.1. The size and number of primary longitudinal members to be incorporated in the skid shall be the
least number of rolled sections that will most effectively and economically satisfy the greater of
calculated design requirements due to the loading and support conditions outlined above in
cases
I and II, or as required for lifting.

4.3.2. The longitudinal primary members incorporated in the skid shall be compact sections with top

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and bottom flanges adequately braced to prevent distortion of the package during transportation
and installation. The spacing of transverse members shall not exceed Lu for the primary
longitudinal members. Lu shall be as defined in the AISC specification.

4.3.3. Where tubular ends are provided, a primary longitudinal member shall terminate at the center
line of the skid tubulars. Transverse end beams shall be located 50 cm from tubular center lines.
The skid tubulars shall extend transversely (10-15)cm beyond the primary longitudinal members
and shall be capped with end plates.

4.3.4. The primary transverse beams, including the end beams, shall be compact sections and have a
depth at least 10 cm less than the depth of the primary longitudinal beams. They shall extend
completely across the skid. If the skid has interior primary longitudinal beams, them in a
manner sufficient to develop the full bending strengths of the transverse members across the
joints.

4.3.5. Diagonal bracing shall be placed throughout the length of the skid and arranged in such a
manner as to provide "truss" action in resisting lateral forces. The bracing system shall be
designed to sustain a force equal to a minimum of 20 percent of the total lifted load applied to
any corner of the skid from any lateral direction.
The bottom surface of these members shall not project below the bottom flanges of the primary
transverse beams. Piping and equipment mounted on the skid shall not be considered effective
as
bracing.

4.3.6. If holes drilled in a beam flange or holes out in the web of member result in exceeding the
allowable stresses specified by AISC, the member shall be reinforced with welded plate having a
thickness sufficient to provide the additional required area. In no case shall plate less than 6 mm
thick be used.

4.3.7. Welded stiffeners with a thickness of 1cm or greater as required, shall be installed at points of
higher concentrated loads.

4.3.8. Metal thickness at the point of equipment bolting shall be 10 mm minimum.

4.3.9. (2.50-1.25)X0.5cm serrated bar grating conforming to ASTM A36, latest issue, shall cover all
open areas on top of the skid around the mounted equipment. Grating shall not be used as a
mounting surface for equipment or supports.

4.3.10. Loadings caused by piping reactions that are to be transmitted by the skid to the foundation
shall be considered in skid design.

4.4. Drain Pans In Skids

Drain pans in skids shall be installed underneath all engines, compressors, pumps, vessels, cooling
sections, and all interconnecting on-skid piping unless a "tundish" with cover is installed beneath all
drain outlets (including bridle site glasses, etc.) and piped to the open drain system. Drain pans and
"tundish" are to be designed so as to, 1) catch potential spillage, and, 2) effectively transport liquids
into a common drain system.

4.4.1. Drain pans must be provided with a 0.6 cm plate bottom on a minimum slope of 0.32 per 30.50
cm. Adequate support must be provided to prevent buckling and formation of low spots.
Drainage through webs of intercostals is not permitted.

4.4.2. Drain pans must be provided with a collection trough to accumulate liquids from the pan and
transport them to appropriate discharge points. Troughs shall have a minimum slope of 0.32 cm
per 30.5 cm.

4.4.3. Discharge points must be provided with accessible stainless steel screens for preventing large,
solid debris from entering the drain system. Discharge points must be flush with the bottom
plate of the drain pan to avoid creating a liquid trap which cannot be drained.

4.4.4. Total clearance requirements for drain pan and trough must be considered in selecting structural

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members.
Depths of main and intercostal beams must be such that, as a minimum, the above specified
slopes are achieved. Where section sized permit, the maximum slope possible
shall be used.

4.5. Lifting of Skids

The skid shall be designed and constructed so that the complete package, including all specified
equipment and piping, mounted and in place, can be lifted with a spreader bar (or spreader frame if
required for sling clearance) to position the skid on a foundation. CONTRACTOR shall design and
furnish all the necessary gear to lift the completely assembled package. All lifting gear, including
slings, shackles and spreaders, shall be supplied by CONTRACTOR.

Packages weighing less than 20 tons, and less than 12 m in length and 3 m in width shall be designed
and built for lifting with a single hook with slings to 4 padeyes. Tubular members shall be placed at
skid ends and shall be designed only for positioning the skid in the field.

All larger packages shall be designed and build for lifting by one hook at each end, with two padeyes
at each end. Attachment points for positioning lines shall be provided at each corner of the package
with a minimum capacity of 5 percent of skid weight applied in any horizontal direction.

Unless otherwise specified by COMPANY, the structure and lift system shall be designed in
accordance with the following criteria:

1. Each sling and shackle shall be selected to have a safe working load no less than its share of the
structure static weight, including the effects of sling angle with the horizontal plane. Safe working
load is defined as the manufacturer's minimum ultimate load divided by four. Design sling lengths
shall be selected from common sizes available having not less than a 60° angle with the horizontal
when connected to the padeye and the lifting hook. The design sling lengths and shackle sizes shall
be specified on the padeye drawing. Design sling lengths and shackle sizes shall be reviewed with
COMPANY prior to finalizing the design.

2. Each lift point (padeye) and connection of the padeye to the structure shall be designed to carry no
less than its share of the structure static dead weight plus a 200 percent load factor. The effect of
design sling angle with the horizontal shall be included in the design of the padeye and the
connection of the padeye with the structure. The padeye and connection of the padeye to the
structure shall also be designed for a simultaneous out-of-plane load equal to 5 percent of the axial
load on the padeye at the pin hole.
Stress levels for the padeyes and connection of padeyes to the structure will be limited to the
standard AISC allowable for static load without the one-third increase.

3. Each skid structural member shall be designed for its share of the total static dead weight plus a 100
percent load factor with each sling carrying its share of the static dead weight.

4. Padeyes shall be symmetrically located about the center of gravity of the package, with all
equipment
and piping mounted and in place.
Padeyes shall be oriented to prevent weak axis loading and shall be oriented to allow adequate
clearance for shackle installation.
When cutting padeyes from rolled plate, the padeyes shall be oriented in such a manner that the
direction of maximum sling pull is parallel to the rolling direction of the plate.

5. MATERIALS

5.1. Structural Steel

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Structural steel shall conform to the ASTM steels approved in these AISC specifications. ASTM-
A36 shall normally be specified.
Use of high strength steels is subject to prior concurrence of COMPANY.

5.2. Structural members shall be straight and true in cross section within the tolerance set forth by the
AISC. Sharp kinks or bends are cause for rejection of material.

5.3. Classification of all steels furnished shall be supported by mill certificates. Copies of these mill
certificates shall be furnished to the INSPECTOR before incorporating any of the material into a
structure.

5.4. Substitution of structural members made from higher grades of steel or with greater cross
sectional
properties than shown on the drawings is prohibited without the prior consent of the COMPANY.

5.5. Other Materials

Steel pipe, structural tubing, and other material shall conform

to the AISC specification.

5.6. Anchor Bolts

5.6.1. Anchor bolts shall conform to ASTM-A307.

5.6.2. Unless otherwise specified, anchor bolts, nuts and washers shall be galvanized.

5.7. Structural Bolts

5.7.1. Bolts for main structural connections shall be 19 mm or larger and shall be high strength
ASTM-A-325. Note:
When no type is specified for ASTM-A325 bolts, either Type 1 or Type 2 may be furnished.
Both types can be hot dipped galvanized.

5.7.2. Bolts 15 mm and smaller shall be ASTM-A307.

5.7.3. When the structural steel is galvanized, bolts, nuts and washers shall also be galvanized.

6. FABRICATION

6.1. Workmanship and inspection

The workmanship and finish shall be equal to the best in modern shop practice.

Only new material shall be used, which shall be thoroughly straightened in the shop by methods that
will not cause damage before it is laid off or worked in any way.

All cutting and shearing shall be neatly done, and all surfaces/edges exposed to view shall have a neat
and workmanlike finish.

The COMPANY's inspector shall have free access to the material and to all parts of the steel structure
which is being fabricated. Material which is found to be defective or contrary to this specification and
the requirements of the purchase order shall be cause for rejection.

Where pre-erection is specified, the members of the structure or parts thereof shall be laid out on the
shop floor for inspection by the COMPANY.

6.2. Any camber present due to mill rolling or shop fabrication shall be turned upward.

6.3. The use of heat to straighten members is permitted if the metal temperature is held below 650 °C.

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6.4. Individual members shall be fully prepared with all copes, blocks, holes and weld bevels pre-cut
prior to assembly.

6.5. Web block cuts shall be carefully controlled to avoid over-cut notches.

6.6. Burrs, metal slivers and rough edges shall be ground smooth.

6.7. Bolt holes shall be punched, sub-punched and reamed or drilled. Flame cutting of holes is not
permitted. Unless otherwise noted on the drawings, all holes shall be 1.6 mm larger than the
diameter of the bolt to be used.

6.8. Splicing of structural members where not detailed on the drawings is prohibited without the prior
approval of the COMPANY as to location and type of splice to be made.

6.9. Centerline dimensions shall be held to within 6.4 mm for critical dimensions involving field tie-
ins. This tolerance applies to overall dimensions and shall not apply separately to subdivisions of
overall dimensions.

6.10. No work shall be performed when the weather or other adverse conditions do not permit
competent workmanship and/or adequate inspection.

7. WELDING AND WELD INSPECTION

- Metal-arc welding shall be of good quality and shall comply with the requirements of ANSI/AWS, and with
the appropriate national and/or local building regulations.

7.1. All structural welding shall be in accordance with the American Welding Society "Structural
Welding Coide-Steel", AWS D1.1 (latest edition).

7.2. Unless noted otherwise on the drawings, all member connections shall be welded.

7.3. Electrodes for shop and field welds shall conform to ASTM A233, Class E70XX.

7.4. Flange to flange connections shall be full penetration welds. All other welds, unless noted
otherwise, shall be minimum size fillet welds per Table 1.17.2A of the AISC Manual.

7.5. Welder Qualification and Identification

7.5.1. All welders employed by the CONTRACTOR for shop or field welding on this work shall be
required to show written evidence that they have satisfactorily passed a performance
qualification test using a qualified welding procedure within the last ninety days. The
welding procedure shall be approved by COMPANY prior to welding. The CONTRACTOR
shall bear all costs for qualifying welding procedures and welders in accordance with AWS
D1.1

7.5.2. CONTRACTOR shall maintain a permanent record of all welders used, showing each welder's
name, last date of certification, testing laboratory, qualification record and social security
number.

7.6. Inspection of Welds

7.6.1. COMPANY may elect to use any applicable method, such as radiography, ulterasonics,
magnetic
particle, trepanning, etc. to check weld quality (particularly on main load carrying members,
padeyes and splices).

7.6.2. Defective welds, after repair, are subject to radiographic or ultrasonic re-examination at the
CONTRACTOR's expense.

7.6.3. Any rejected welds, which upon destructive examination were found to be acceptable, shall be
repaired at COMPANY's expense.

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7.6.4. Final approval of welding consumable shall be as the result of meeting the requirements of the
welding procedure qualification tests.

7.6.5. Records of all data, tests and examinations relating to all welding procedures used during
construction and erection shall be made available to the COMPANY.

8. BOLTED JOINTS

8.1. Connecting bolts for primary structural members shall conform to ASTM A325 TYPE X (threads
excluded from shear plane).

8.2. Secondary connections shall be detailed as ASTM A325 TYPE F, friction connections.

8.3. Bolts shall have a hardened washer placed under the element to be tightened.

8.4. Bolts shall be tightened in accordance with "Turn-of-Nut" tightening method.

8.5. All joint surfaces shall have protective coatings applied before assembly.

9. SURFACE PROTECTION

9.1. General

All Steelwork shall be adequately prepared and protected.

Surface preparation and surface protection, i.e. hot-dip galvanizing or painting.

Structural Steelwork, platform flooring and handrailing located above stainless steel piping or
equipment should not be galvanized or coated with zinc-containing paint. The flooring can be of
stainless steel and the paint should be zinc-free. Alternatively a shield of painted steel may be fitted to
protect the stainless steel equipment.

9.2. Zinc Spraying

Parts to be zinc-sprayed (metallized), e.g. windows and doors, shall be demisted by blast cleaning and
then sprayed with zinc. The thickness of the zinc coat shall be at least 80 m. This
zinc coat shall be followed by a coat of zinc chromate primer, which shall have a dry-film thickness of
at least 30 m.

Unless noted as galvanized, all structural steel shall be coated in accordance with COMPANY's
Schedule P, "Painting General Procedures" and Schedule V, "Protective Coating Systems."

10. ERECTION

10.1. General

The method used in erecting a steel structure will depend upon the type of structure, the size of
the structure, the risk involved, whether the structure is to be erected without interfering with
other work or operations, the lifting gear available and the local conditions.
All tools, equipment and roped used for erection shall comply with the national and/or local
regulations and shall be currently certified for the purpose intended.

10.2. By Supplier of Structure

If specified on the requisition, e.g. in the case of complicated structures, the supplier shall
submit
to the COMPANY an erection plan complete with data on heavy lifts, shipping weights and the

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calculations involved.

Approval of this erection plan by the COMPANY does not relieve the supplier from his full
responsibility for the erection of the structure in a safe and orderly manner.

10.3. By Others

If the erection of the steel structure is not to be carried out by the supplier, he shall provide the
COMPANY with all information on essential for erection of the structure.
The supplier shall be liable for any additional erection costs incurred by the COMPANY as a
result of the supplier's fault, omission, negligence, design or fabrication error.

10.4. Erection shall be in accordance with AISC manual of steel construction and shall include the
setting of all columns, beams, trusses, grating, handrails, etc. and all the erection of all other
steel to true line, grade, and plumpness.

10.5. Structural steel shall be plumbed with suitable guy wires and held plumb during field welding.
Guy wires shall be placed so as not to interfere with the necessary work, and are to remain in
place as long as considered necessary by the COMPANY, and then promptly removed.

10.6. Steel shall not be placed or erected on concrete foundations or floor slabs until the concrete has
attained 50 percent of its 28-day strength.

11. STEEL BUILDINGS

11.1. The steel building shall consist of all columns, roof beams, end posts, anchor bolts, girts,
purlins,
connection clips, covering, bracing, etc. or as specified. All material shall be new, unused and
free from defects.

11.2. The main structure shall be single gable rigid frames with rigid frame or port and beam frames
at endwalls.

11.3. The building "width" dimensions shall be measured between the inside surface of opposite
sidewall panels.

11.4. The building "length" shall be measured between the inside surface of opposite endwall panels.

11.5. The "eave height" shall be the dimension from the bottom of base plate to the intersection of the
roof and wall panels.

11.6. Design descriptions:

11.6.1. Skyline rigid frame:

The building shall have a gable roof with vertical sides and endwalls.
Interior frames shall be clear span rigid frame with tapered columns and rafters. End frames
shall be post and beam of rigid frame with girts attaching to endwall post web.

11.6.2. Skyline Multi-Span:

The building shall have a gable roof with vertical sides and endwalls. Interior frames shall be
rigid frames with tapered exterior columns and rafter. Interior columns shall be equally spaced
and of square tube sections. End frames shall be post and beams or rigid frames with girts
attaching to endwall post webs.

11.6.3. Width Extension:

It shall consist of column and a simple span rafter attached to any sidewall column of a steel
main structure.
Bay spacing shall be the same as the bay spacing of the main structure.

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Width extension rafters shall be attached to eave or at any point below eave of the main
frames.
Width extension columns shall be constant depth. End frames shall be post and beam or rigid
frame with girts framing to end wall post web.

11.7. Framing:

11.7.1. Interior roof and wall bays of rigid frame and multi- span buildings shall be supported by
frames spaced bays or any combination as required in the scope of work by COMPANY.

11.7.2. End bay roof and wall sheeting shall be supported by a rigid frame or a load bearing post and
beam frame.

11.7.3. End posts shall be spaced spans or any combination as required by COMPANY.

11.7.4. "Post and beam" end frames shall be placed flush at the building end.

11.7.5. "Rigid Frame" end frames shall be placed at a required nominal distance from the building
end. Endwall posts and girts shall be placed flush at the building end.

11.8. Accessories:

11.8.1. Heavy duty personal doors with flush panel honeycomb core construction Galvanized steel
leaf
bonderized with baked on white color finish with or without glass side-section frame finish
matches leaf finish.

11.8.2. Steel Sliding doors:

Easy operating top-hung bottom guided. Door panels match building wall panels. Lock opens
or closes from inside and outside. All members primer finished.

11.8.3. Roll-up doors:

Roll-up doors shall be electrically and manual or chain operated.
Doors shall be complete with guides, axle, springs, curtain, and operating mechanism.
Door curtain shall be made from 0.8 mm galvanized steel with full length reinforcing steel
angle at base.
Curtain shall be prime painted, Guides shall be 5 mm galvanized steel.

11.8.4. Louvers:
Aluminium louvers with lever operated adjustable blades or fixed blades as required by
COMPANY with insect screen blades provide a weather tight seal in the closed position.

11.8.5. Roof extensions:

Sidewall roof extension shall be 900 mm cantilevered roof members located at the eave and
sloped at the same pitch as the main structure roof slope.

11.8.6. Vents:
Continuous ridge ventilator shall be galvanized steel with bird screen.

11.9. Materials Structural:

11.9.1. Built-up Members:

All welded plate members shall have a minimum yield of 34.5 KN/cm2, conforming to ASTM
A-572 Grade 50.
Structural steel members shall be cut, formed, punched, welded, cleaned and painted in the
plant of the manufacturer for bolted field assembly. Flanges and webs of built-up welded
members shall be joined one side by a continuous automatic submerged arc welding process.

11.9.2. Light Gage Cold-Formed:

Purlins, girts, endwall posts and rafters, and eave struts shall have a minimum yield of 34.5
KN/cm2 conforming to ASTM A-607, Grade 50.

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Longitudinal bracing shall have a minimum yield of 24.8 KN/cm2 conforming to ASTM A-36.

Pre-painted panels shall be made from hit-dipped galvanized steel sheet in coils conforming to
ASTM A- 446 M Grade D, having a minimum yield of 34.5 KN/cm2, minimum 0.5 thick and
a minimum coating of zinc conforming to ASTM A-525 M (275 g/m2) classification.

11.9.3. Fasteners:
Hi-Strength bolts shall conform to ASTM A-325, black finish.

Machine bolts shall conform to ASTM A-307, electro galvanized finish.

Anchor bolts shall be unpainted rods of JIS-G3101-SS41 steel, threaded to receive nuts for
typing down the base of the columns.

Roof fasteners shall be No. 14 x 44 mm hex washer head self tapping screws, 0.019 mm
mechanical zinc plated, yellow dichromate dipped. Sealing washer shall be metal disc washer
bonded with synthetic material for positive seal.

Wall fasteners shall be No. 14 x 19 mm hex washer head self taping screw, 0.019 mm
mechanical zinc plated, yellow dichromate dipped. Sealing washer shall be metal washer
bonded with synthetic material for positive seal.

11.9.4. Non-Metals:
White fiberglass Skylights and Wall-Lights shall be 2.2 kg/m2 nominal weight. Panels shall
provide 900 mm coverage and match the Hi-Rib panel profile.
Closure strips shall match the Hi-Rib panel profile, and made of expanded polyurethane or
similar material.
Adhesive sealing tapes shall be fire retardant polyurethane foam with an adhesive surface.

11.10. GROUT:

The following are the type of grout used for filling the space between concrete surface and base
plates of equipment or steel structures:
a) Sand-cement grout
b) Cement-based non-shrink grout
c) Epoxy-based non-shrink grout

Use of sand-cement grout shall be limited to minor steel structures (definitely not for vibrating
structure or equipment) either specified on drawing or to be approved by COMPANY. The
cement mortar shall not be leaner than 1:1 cement to be fine aggregate and shall be mixed as
thickly as possible consistent with fluidity. The mortar shall then be poured under suitable head
and tamped until the space has been completely filled.

The non-shrink grout (both cement-based and epoxy-based) shall be free of chlorides and shall
not be of metal-oxidizing or gypsum- form type. The minimum strength for cement-based non-
shrink grout shall be 75 N/mm2 and epoxy-based 95 N/mm2 at 28 days.

The CONTRACTOR shall obtain prior approval from the COMPANY on the type of non-
shrink he propose to use.

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