evsjv †jKPvi # 01

(wØZxq Ask)
 e¨Äb e‡Y©i cwiPq wiwfD Kwi

KÉ = K ..... (wRnŸvi gyj)

Zvje¨ = P ..... (wRnŸvi cvZv + Dc‡ii Zvjy)
g~av© = U ..... (wRnŸvi AvMv + Dc‡ii Zvjy)
`šÍ = Z ..... (wRnŸvi AvMv + Dc‡ii `uvZ)
Iô = c ..... (`yB †VuvU)
 A‡Nvl †Nvl
KÉ = K, L M, N, O

KÉ = K, L M, N, O
Aí cÖvY gnv cÖvY Aí cÖvY
+ bvwmK¨
K = KÉ, A‡Nvl, AícÖvY
L = KÉ, A‡Nvl, gnvcÖvY
M = KÉ, †Nvl, AícÖvY
N = KÉ, †Nvl, gnvcÖvY
O = KÚ, †Nvl, AícÖvY, bvwmK¨

Zvje¨ = P, Q, R, S, T
g~av© = U, V, W, X, Y
`šÍ = Z, _, `, a, b
Iô = c, d, e, f, g
 wb‡R †Póv Kwi
Q=
S=
T=
U=
Y=
Z=
_=
e=
f=
g=
 wb‡R †Póv Kwi
Q = Zvje¨+A‡Nvl+gnvcÖvY
S = Zvje¨+‡Nvl+gnvcÖvY
T = Zvje¨+‡Nvl+AícÖvY+bvwmK¨
U = g~av© +A‡Nvl+AícÖvY
Y = g~a©v+‡Nvl+AícÖvY+bvwmK¨
Z = `šÍ+A‡Nvl+AícÖvY
_ = `šÍ+A‡Nvl+gnvcÖvY
e = Iô¨+‡Nvl+AícÖvY
f = Iô¨+‡Nvl+gnvcÖvY
g = Iô¨+‡Nvl+AícÖvY+bvwmK¨
 e¨Äb e‡Y©i dvBbvj cwiPq
P = Zvje¨+A‡Nvl+AícÖvY
Q = Zvje¨+A‡Nvl+gnvcÖvY
R = Zvje¨+†Nvl+AícÖvY
S = Zvje¨+‡Nvl+gnvcÖvY
T = Zvje¨+‡Nvl+AícÖvY+bvwmK¨
U = g~a©v+A‡Nvl+AícÖvY
V = g~a©v+A‡Nvl+gnvcÖvY
W = g~a©v+‡Nvl+AícÖvY
X = g~a©v+‡Nvl+gnvcÖvY
Y = g~a©v+‡Nvl+AícÖvY+bvwmK¨
Z = `šÍ+A‡Nvl+AícÖvY
_ = `šÍ+A‡Nvl+gnvcÖvY
` = `šÍ+‡Nvl+AícÖvY
a = `šÍ+‡Nvl+gnvcÖvY
b = `šÍ+‡Nvl+AícÖvY+bvwmK¨
c = Iô¨+A‡Nvl+AícÖvY
d = Iô¨+A‡Nvl+gnvcÖvY
e = Iô¨+‡Nvl+AícÖvY
f = Iô¨+‡Nvl+gnvcÖvY
g = Iô¨+‡Nvl+AícÖvY+bvwmK¨
ZvobRvZ eY©: o, p (2wU)
K¤úbRvZ eY©: i (1wU)
cvwk¦©K eY©: j
kxl eY©: k, l, m, n (4wU)
k, l, m = A‡Nvl AícÖvY
n = ‡Nvl gnvcÖvY
AšÍt¯’ eY©: h, q, i, j (4wU)
civkÖqx eY©: s, t, u (3wU)
A‡hvMevn eY©: s (O&), t (n&)
* s, u AvbybvwmK D”PviY nq|
r = Z& (ZvB r Aa© e¨Äb)
 AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© hy³eY©
hy³e‡Y©i K‡qKwU D`vniY -
þ = n& + g µ = K& + i
¶ = K& + l Îæ = Z& + i + D
Á = R& + T ò¨ = l& + Y + h
 = T& + P ½ = O& + M
Ä = T& + R ¼ = O& + K
ò = l& + Y
ý = n& + b
nœ = n& + Y
ü = n& + F
 wb‡R †Póv Kwi
þ= µ=
¶= Îæ =
Á= ò¨ =
Â= ½=
Ä= ¼=
ò=
ý=
nœ =
ü=
Av‡iv wKQz hy³eY©:
Ë = Z& + Z Ì = Z& + _ Ü = b& + a
iæ = i& + D Ø = `& + e iƒ = i& + E
n«= n& + i a© = i& + a å = f& + i
× = `& + a Æ = U& + U K¨ = K& + h

iܫ = i& + A +b& + a + i

h¶¥v = h& + A + K& + l + g + Av
e¨Äb = e& + h + T& + R + b
weòz = e& + B + l& + Y + D
eªvþY = e&& + i + Av + n& + g + Y
¶zYœ = K& + l + D + Y& + b
 Exam
1. ÔÿÕ hy³ eY©wU fvO‡j cvIqv hvq-
A. K& + O B. K& + l
2. ÔÁÕ hy³ eY©wU fvO‡j cvIqv hvq-
A. R& + T B. M& + T
3. ÔnèÕ hy³ eY©wU fvO‡j cvIqv hvq-
A. n& + Y B. n& + b
4. ÔþÕ hy³ eY©wU fvO‡j cvIqv hvq-
A. n& + g B. g& + K
 Answer
1. ÔÿÕ hy³ eY©wU fvO‡j cvIqv hvq-
A. K& + O B. K& + l
2. ÔÁÕ hy³ eY©wU fvO‡j cvIqv hvq-
A. R& + T B. M& + T
3. ÔnèÕ hy³ eY©wU fvO‡j cvIqv hvq-
A. n& + Y B. n& + b
4. ÔþÕ hy³ eY©wU fvO‡j cvIqv hvq-
A. n& + g B. g& + K
 evsjv fvlv

c„w_ex‡Z fvlvi msL¨v cÖvq 6000-Gi g‡Zv|

fvlvfvlx RbmsL¨vi w`K w`‡q evsjv c„w_exi 5g e„nr
gvZ…fvlv|
cÖ_g g¨v›`vwib ev Pxbv,
wØZxq ¯ú¨vwbk,
Z…Zxq Bs‡iwR I
PZz_© Aviwe|
 cÖ_g evsjv e¨vKiY iPbv K‡ib- g¨vby‡qj `¨v Avm&my¯úvmuvI|

 cÖ_g evsjv fvlvq evsjv e¨vKiY iPbv K‡ib- b¨v_vwb‡qj

eª¨vwm n¨vj‡nW| wZwb Bs‡iwR fvlvq evsjv e¨vKiY †j‡Lb
wKš‘ D`vniY evsjv fvlvq cÖ`vb K‡ib|

 cÖ_g evsjv fvlvq evsjv e¨vKiY †j‡Lb- ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq|

• evsjv fvlv B‡›`vBDiƒcxq fvlv †Mvôxi AšÍMZ
© |

• gvMax weeZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q evsjv G‡m‡Q|

• eªvþx wjwc †_‡K evsjv wjwci D™¢e|

• e½Kvgiƒcx †_‡K evsjvi Rb¥|

 Exam
1. cÖ_g evsjv fvlvq evsjv e¨vKiY †K †j‡Lb?
A. g¨vby‡qj `¨v B. Gb. we. †nj‡nW
2. fvlvfvlx RbmsL¨vi w`K †_‡K evsjvi Ae¯’vb-
A. 5 g B. 4 _©
3. †Kvb fvlv †_‡K evsjv fvlvi Rb¥?
A. gvMax B. e½Kvgiƒcx
 Answer
1. cÖ_g evsjv fvlvq evsjv e¨vKiY †K †j‡Lb?
A. g¨vby‡qj `¨v B. Gb. we. †nj‡nW
2. fvlvfvlx RbmsL¨vi w`K †_‡K evsjvi Ae¯’vb-
A. 5 g B. 4 _©
3. †Kvb fvlv †_‡K evsjv fvlvi Rb¥?
A. gvMax B. e½Kvgiƒcx
* Awfav‡b hy³eY© cÖ_g e‡Y©i wfZ‡i _v‡K|
†hgb: ÔÿÕ K-Gi AšÍf©y³| ÔþÕ n Gi AšÍf©y³|

cixÿv:
1. ÔòÕ Awfav‡b †Kvb e‡Y©i AšÍf©y³?
K) l-Gi AšÍf©y³
L) Y-Gi AšÍf©y³

2. ÕÁÕ Awfav‡b †Kvb e‡Y©i AšÍf©y³?

K) T e‡Y©i AšÍf©y³
L) R e‡Y©i AšÍf©y³|
 DËi:
1. ÔòÕ Awfav‡b †Kvb e‡Y©i AšÍf©y³?
K) l-Gi AšÍf©y³
L) Y-Gi AšÍf©y³

2. ÕÁÕ Awfav‡b †Kvb e‡Y©i AšÍf©y³?

K) T e‡Y©i AšÍf©y³
L) R e‡Y©i AšÍf©y³|
 AvwfavwbK µg
evsjv Awfav‡b k‡ãi µg‡K AvwfavwbK µg e‡j|
†hgb- ¯^ieY© + s, t, u + e¨Äb eY©

GB µg Abymv‡i Awfav‡b k㸇jv mvRv‡bv _v‡K|

D`v:
`¤ú, `¤¢, `qv
(kã 3wU 1, 2, 3 µg Abymv‡i mvRv‡bv)|
 AvwfavwbK µg Abymv‡i mvRvI

evDj, evswM, evRbv|

cvuP, cuwPk, cuPvwk|
hLb, ZLb, Ggb|
big, bvi‡Kj, bvjv|
gMœ, gRby, g`b|
DËi:
evDj, evswM, evRbv| (1, 2, 3)
cvuP, cuwPk, cuPvwk| (3, 2, 1)
hLb, ZLb, Ggb| (3, 2, 1)
big, bvi‡Kj, bvjv| (1, 2, 3)
gMœ, g`b, gRby| (1, 3, 2)
 Zvnv‡iB c‡o g‡b
--mywdqv Kvgvj (Rb¥-1911, g„Zz¨-1999)

ewikvj †Rjvi kv‡q¯Ívev` MÖv‡g Rb¥|

wcZv eªvþYevwoqv †Rjvi wkjwf MÖv‡gi evwm›`v|
ÔgvwmK †gvnv¤§`xÕ cwÎKvq cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq|
Ômvu‡Si gvqvÕ Kv‡e¨i AšÍf©y³|

we¯ÍvwiZ eB †_‡K c‡o wb‡Z n‡e|

 wjwLZ Ask
M BDwbU:
ïaygvÎ Mv‡qi †Rv‡o KvR nq bv|
mKj mf¨MY GLv‡b Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb|
m`v me©`v †Zvgvi Dcw¯Íw_ cÖv_©bxq|
†m `‡ji g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †kÖôZg †L‡jvqvi|
Zvi †`n Avcv`g¯ÍK ch©šÍ Ave„Ë wQj|
†Ljv PjvKvjxb mg‡q †Mvjgvj ïiæ n‡jv|
 DËi:
M BDwbU:
ïay Mv‡qi †Rv‡i KvR nq bv|
mKj mf¨ GLv‡b Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb|
m`v †Zvgvi Dcw¯’wZ cÖv_©bxq|
†m `‡ji g‡a¨ †kÖô †L‡jvqvo|
Zvi †`n Avcv`g¯ÍK Ave„Z wQj|
†Ljv Pjvi mg‡q †Mvjgvj ïiæ n‡jv|
 wjwLZ Ask
L BDwbU:
1. Ph©vc` m¤ú‡K© ms‡ÿ‡c †jL|
2. ¯^ieY© I e¨Äbe‡Y©i msÁv †jL|
3. weovj MíwUi mvigg© ms‡ÿ‡c †jL|
4. ÔwMqv‡Q Pwjqv ax‡i cy®úk~b¨ w`M‡šÍi c‡_Õ
jvBbwU e¨vL¨v Ki|
wb‡R †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e|