Future University

Faculty of Engineering

Department of Mechatronics Engineering

Dynamic Wireless charger of electric vehicles

prepared by :

SAMIH SAMIER ELHASSAN HAMAD

201835063
Supervised by :

Us. KHADIJA MOHAMED

Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Introduction
The landscape of electric vehicles (EVs) is undergoing a transformative shift, spurred by
advancements in charging technologies. One such paradigm-changing innovation is wireless
charging, a departure from conventional tethered approaches that promises to redefine the
electric mobility experience. In this era of rapid technological evolution, wireless charging
stands as a symbol of convenience and flexibility, eliminating the need for physical
connections between EVs and charging infrastructure. [3]
Dynamic wireless charging represents a revolutionary advancement within the realm of
wireless charging systems. Unlike static charging stations, dynamic wireless charging enables
vehicles to recharge on the move, addressing concerns about limited driving range and
prolonged charging times. Understanding this interplay is pivotal in evaluating the viability
of dynamic wireless charging as a game-changing technology for electric mobility. [4]
The diverse methodologies employed in electric vehicles merit careful consideration, ranging
from plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). As EVs become an
increasingly integral part of our transportation ecosystem, the choice of methodology plays a
crucial role in shaping the efficiency, sustainability, and overall impact of electrified
transportation. [1]
At the heart of wireless charging lies the concept of wireless power transfer (WPT), a
fundamental technology enabling the transmission of electrical energy without direct physical
contact. A profound understanding of WPT is essential for comprehending the mechanics that
power wireless charging systems, setting the stage for a comprehensive exploration of the
dynamic and evolving landscape of electric mobility. [2]
Rewrite the numbers of references according for 1 and 2 in ordering

1.2 Statement of the Problem:

The electric vehicle (EV) market is growing, but current conductive charging requires
high-power stations, and incompatible plugs add inconvenience. EVs face reliability issues
on long journeys due to limited range and large batteries, leading to extended recharging
times and risks in bad weather. This project focuses on dynamic wireless charging, aiming
to use the same wireless power transfer (WPT) technology for diverse EV models to share
a common charging infrastructure, minimizing current challenges and the One of the most
important problems is that charging with the current connection requires high power
stations, and incompatible plugs increase the inconvenience.
1.3 Objectives:

1.3.1 Main Objectives:

The goal of this project is to develop user-friendly interfaces and systems to make

the charging process simple and intuitive for electric vehicle owners. and increase

the overall efficiency of the wireless charging system to minimize energy loss

during the charging process. and also, in project Work towards reducing the overall

cost of the wireless charging infrastructure to make it more accessible and cost-

effective for both consumers and infrastructure providers.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives:

 To build and design an EV which can be charged wirelessly while moving.

 To build and design a highway road which can supply power to EV.

 To build and design a combination between the EV and the highway using a

controller which is responsible for managing the electrical signals that are

transmitted between the wireless charger and the electric vehicle and, ensure

that the signals are properly regulated and coordinated to enable efficient

power transfer.
Chapter Two
Literature Review
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

A literature review is defined as compiled collection of academic articles that

include significant findings and commitments in hypothetical and methodological context to

a specific topic. This chapter discusses the history of dynamic EV charging technology. The

first EV produced was in 2021 and since that date the scientist started developing it so the

vehicle can be charged while its moving. Recently, several research has been

published discussing the efficiency of the dynamic charging in medium range speed and the

most suitable frequency while running power transmitter.

Further, the efficiency of the wireless power transfer (WPT) in the past researches was very

low, because a lot amount of energy was lost as heat due to the resistance in the system.

In this project we will try to improve the material and the technologies to minimize the energy

loss and enhance the charging process.

2.2 Related Studies:

Chapter Three
Methodology
3.1 METHODOLOGY

This chapter shows how to build and do the experimental project, method of this

project is generally a guiding principle to handle the problem. The project implementation

method is discussed briefly focusing on basic components. The framework must be clear to

ensure that the project runs smoothly , and project objectives are capable of success.

This idea is offers crucial information for finishing the project as well as insight into

the limitations of similar systems, which will help overcome the constraints in the proposed

project. The development process begins with defining the system's requirements, including

the capacity to transmit as well as receive power wirelessly in a moving vehicle .After that,

we need to design the system block diagram and recognize its various components, This

gives us more flexibility in the implementation .The components will be selected based on

factors, including price, availability, component complexity, and power consumption.

Following the identification and acquisition of relevant components, the implementation

step will be separated into three parts: implementation of the sending circuit,

implementation of the receiving circuit and combining them with the electric vehicle and

the highway road.

THE COMPONENTS

 IRFZ44N MOSFET

Figure 3. IRFZ44N MOSFET

The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS

FET), also known as the metal–oxide–silicon transistor (MOS transistor, or MOS), [1] is a type

of insulated-gate field effect transistor that is fabricated by the controlled oxidation of a

semiconductor, typically silicon. The voltage of the covered gate determines the electrical

conductivity of the device; this ability to change conductivity with the amount of applied

voltage can be used for amplifying or switching electronic signals.

The IRFZ44N is a MOSFET transistor has a TO-220-3 type packaging, although it can be

presented in other formats, and with a fairly simple pinout with the three typical pins for the

door, drain, source (in that order from left to right if you look at it from the back) , that is,

where it has the inscriptions). It can be manufactured by very different manufacturers, so you

can consult the concrete datasheet.

This MOSFET has a N-type channel, As its name indicates. In addition to that, it has other

technical details such as:

• Drain-source separation voltage: 60v

 • Continuous drain intensity: 50A

• rds: 22mOhms

• Gate-source voltage: 20v

• Operating temperature range: -55 to 175ºC

• Power dissipation: 131w

• Fall time: 13ns

• Establishment time: 55ns

• Shutdown delay: 37ns

• Typical connection delay: 12ns

 HEAT SINK MOSFET

Figure 4. Heat Sink MOSFET

A heat sink (also commonly spelled heatsink [1]) is a passive heat exchanger that transfers

the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a

liquid coolant, where it is dissipated away from the device, thereby allowing regulation of

the device's temperature

 1N4001 DIODE
Figure 5 .1N4001 DIODE

The 1N4001 diode belongs to the family of the 1N400x diode series, which are most

commonly used in household electronic appliances. It allows the flow of current only in one

direction, that is from anode terminal to cathode terminal just like a normal diode. It is

referred to as a general-purpose rectifier diode used for rectification purposes. The 1N4001

diode is shown in the figure below. The grey strike on the diode is used to identify the

cathode terminal.

 20 AWG COPPER WIRE

Figure 6 . 20AWG copper wires

American Wire Gauge (AWG), also known as the Brown & Sharpe wire gauge, is a

logarithmic stepped standardized wire gauge system used since 1857, predominantly in North

America, for the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire.

Dimensions of the wires are given in ASTM standard B 258.[1] The cross-sectional area of

each

gauge is an important factor for determining its current-carrying ampacity.

  CAPACITOR

Figure 7. Different shapes and values of Capacitors

Energy in an electric field. It is a passive electronic component with two terminals. In this
project we need

Capacitors with the following values 1nF,4.7nF,10nF,220nF,10uF,100uF.

 RESISTOR

Figure 8 .Different resistors with different values

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical

resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow,

adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines,

among other uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as
heat may be used as part of motor controls. The values needed in this project are 1K ohm and

5K ohm.

 RED LED

Figure 9 . Red LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current

flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing

energy in the form of photons. The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the

photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the

semiconductor.

 AMS117

Figure 10 . AMS1117 Voltage Regulator

The AMS1117 series of chips are linear voltage regulators with low voltage drop. If you

order a USB powered board with 3.3V (e.g., STM32 microcontrollers or all sorts of

sensors and
indicators), the AMS1117-3.3 regulator will most likely be installed on this board. Advanced

Monolithic Systems make it.

 PROTOTYPE PCB

Figure 11 . Prototype PCB

A printed circuit board (PCB) is a laminated sandwich structure of conductive and

insulating layers. PCBs have two complementary functions. The first is to affix electronic

components in designated locations on the outer layers by means of soldering. The second is

to provide reliable electrical connections (and also reliable open circuits) between the

component's terminals in a controlled manner often referred to as PCB design. Each of the

conductive layers is designed with an artwork pattern of conductors (similar to wires on a flat

surface) that provides electrical connections on that conductive layer. Another manufacturing

process adds vias, plated through holes that allow interconnections between layers.
CIRCUIT DESIGNS

TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT

Figure 12 . Transmitter Circuit Design Diagram

The first circuit is a transmitter circuit, which is used to generate voltage wirelessly. The

transmitter circuit is made up of a source, an oscillator circuit, and a transmitter coil. When

the Current and Voltage is applied the current will pass through the drain terminal of the

transistor. Simultaneously, voltage appears at gate terminals of the transistor. As a result, the

voltage at the drain of the transistor and it supplies the coil.

RECIEVER CIRCUIT

Figure 13. Receiver circuit Design Diagram

In the receiver side, the receiver circuit , is made up of a coil, a rectifier , and a regulator .

When the coil at the receiver positioned close to the inductor, alternating current (AC) is

induced in the coil. The rectifier circuit rectifies this and regulates it to Direct Current and 5

Volts using a regulator The circuit which rectifies the current is made up of a diode and a

capacitor. The regulator's output is connected to the battery.

Block DIAGRAM

2. WPT Block Diagram

Figure 1 . Block Diagram for inductive WPT

WPT with inductive wireless charger can be divided into three parts. First, the sender

transmits electromagnetic power to the receiver via inductive coils, allowing for wireless

power transmission to the receiver. The second component is inductive coupling (sender coil

and receiver coil), which serves as an antenna (sender antenna and receiver antenna) and

transmits power to the bridge rectifier. Third, a bridge rectifier converts the induced voltage

from alternating current to direct current, and the direct current then recharges the battery and

powers the load. The block diagram of inductive WPT is shown in Figure 1.
3. Dynamic WPT for EV Block Diagram

Figure 2. Block Diagram for Dynamic Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicle

A train of transmitter circuits will be connected underneath the highway , and it will be

supplied with power . A moving vehicle containing a receiver circuit will interact with the

magnetic field of the transmitter circuit , the power will be transmitted to the receiver circuit ,

then it will rectify the current and regulates the voltage to charge the battery.
3. References

1. "GlacialTech announces Igloo FS125S 30W cold forged pin fin heatsink". Eco-

Business.Retrieved 2016-01-19

2. "ASTM B258-14 Standard Specification for Standard Nominal Diameters and Cross-

sectional Areas of AWG Sizes of Solid Round Wires Used as Electrical

Conductors". West Conshohocken: ASTM International. Archived from the original on

22 July 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2015.

3. Duff, Wilmer (1916) [1908]. A Text-Book of Physics (4th ed.). Philadelphia: P.

Blakiston's Son & Co. p. 361. Retrieved 1 December 2016.

4. Harder, Douglas Wilhelm. "Resistors: A Motor with a Constant Force (Force Source)".

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo.

Retrieved 9 November 2014

5. Edwards, Kimberly D. "Light Emitting Diodes" (PDF). University of California at

Irvine. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 14, 2019. Retrieved January

12, 2019.

6. What Is a Printed Circuit Board (PCB)? - Technical

Articles". www.allaboutcircuits.com. Retrieved 2021-06-24.

7. What Is a Printed Circuit Board (PCB)? - Technical

Articles". www.allaboutcircuits.com.

Retrieved 2021-06-24.

8. 1N4001 Diode Datasheet : Working & Its Applications (elprocus.com) Retrieved

2021