MECHANICS WAVES AND

OSCILLATIONS – PHYF111
E. S. KANNAN – INSTRUCTOR
in charge
Department of Physics,
BITS Pilani Room No. CC 108
K K Birla Goa Campus
Tutorial 1 - Simple Harmonic Oscillator
Simple (not simple at all!)pendulum as dampner
Tutorial 1 - Simple Harmonic Oscillator
 E-M Oscillations from our Brain
Type of brain waves Frequencies Nature/Effects
Delta Waves 0.5 to 3 Hz Deepest
mediation/dreamless sleep.
Helps to rejenuvate
Theta Waves 3 to 8 Hz Occurs in sleep. Focus on
signals originating from
within
Alpha Waves 8 to 12 Hz Resting state of the brain.
Helps in learning.
Beta waves 12 to 38 Hz Alert state of mind.
Cognitive behavior
Gamma waves 38 to 42 Hz Simultaneous processing of
information from different
areas.
 Schumann Resonances

..\..\..\..\2019-20 I sem\videos\Schumann_resonance_animation.ogv.480p.wmv
Schumann resonances are electromagnetic vibrations with very low frequency (~
8 Hz). This exactly matches with the alpha waves our brains generate.

In deep meditation/prayers, when waves of alpha waves cascade across the entire
brain, it is possible for the human being and the planet to come into resonance.
Transfer of energy takes place in this state.
Tutorial 1 - Simple Harmonic Oscillator
Brief Recap of Things We Know
Equation of motion of a Simple Harmonic Oscillator

2
d x
 0 x  0
2 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝝎 𝟐 = 𝒌/𝒎
𝟎
2
dt
x  A cos(t   )

x  Position  A cos(t   )
.
x  v  Velocity   A sin(t   )
..
x  a  Acceleration   A cos(t   )
2
Brief Recap of Things We Know
1 2
Potential.Energy  kA cos (t   )
2

2
1
Kinetic.Energy  mA  sin (t   )
2 2 2

2
1 2 1
Total.Energy  kA  mA  2 2

2 2
 Tutorial Problem 1
A point moves in a circle at a constant speed 50 cm/s. Period of
one complete journey around the circle is 6 sec. At 𝑡 = 0 the
line to the point from the center of the circle makes an angle of
300 with the x axis.

Task 1: Find the amplitude, phase and angular frequency ω.

Task 2 : Obtain the expression for x(t) in the form

𝐴 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜙)
150
𝑟(𝑡) = cos (pi/3t+pi/6)
2πr=50x6=300 𝑝𝑖

Answer : Amplitude = 150/π cm, phase = π/6 and ω = π/3

 Problem 2

..\..\..\..\2019-20 I sem\videos\Normal modes\Normal Modes - Modes and oscillations

(1_4).wmv
 If the mass is displaced by
an amount “x” in the –ve x axis

Frestoring due Frestoring due

To compression To expansion

Net force will be along the +ve x axis and the equation of
motion will be

𝐹 = −2𝑘𝑥
 Solution Problem 2-contd
Along the x-axis:

If the springs are displaced by a length x along the x-direction then one side of the
spring will be compressed and other will be elongated. The force due to both the
springs will act in the same direction and opposite to displacement.

𝒅𝟐 𝒙
Equation of motion will be m 𝟐 = −𝟐𝒌𝒙
𝒅𝒕
 Solution Problem 2-contd
Fcosθ Fcosθ If the mass is displaced by
an amount “y” in the +ve y axis

2𝑘
𝜔= 𝑚

2Fsinθ 2𝑘 𝑙 − 𝑙0
𝜔= 0.5
𝑚𝑙
Along the y-axis:

Net Force along the y-axis = 2F sinθ = 2F tanθ (because θ is small, y<<l))
y
θ
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝑦 l
𝒎 𝟐 = −𝟐𝐹𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = −2𝐹
𝒅𝒕 𝑙

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒚
m 𝒅𝒕𝟐 = −𝟐𝒌(𝒍 − 𝒍𝟎 ) 𝒍 Substituting F=-k (times)extension
Where l-lo is the stretched length along y-axis