ARTS

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QUARTER 4 – MODULE 1
MELCs:
• Explains how an idea or theme is communicated
in a selected performance through the integration
of musical sounds, songs,
dialogue
and dance
 Analyzes examples of plays based on theatrical forms,
and elements of
art as applied
to performance.
PART I.

A. INTRODUCTION
Art, in its broadest sense, is a form of communication. It means whatever the artist
intends it to mean, and this meaning is shaped by the materials, techniques, and forms it
makes use of, as well as the ideas and feelings it creates in its viewers. Art is an act of
expressing feelings, thoughts, and observations. It is essential to study and learn art further
in order to comprehend its meaning, purpose, goal, intention, and structure. By that, you
can appreciate art by experiencing it with your life- for art is our culture.

In this lesson, you are going to learn theatrical forms of arts and the elements of arts
as applied to performance. You may also learn how to integrate musical sounds, songs,
dialogue and dance in order to create theatrical plays or what we call performing arts.
B. DISCUSSION The Performing Arts

The performing arts is one of the cultural means through which the aspirations, the
disappointments, the joys, and the pitfalls of life, and its most universal meanings are
translated and transmitted to us continually. Theater is one of the major art forms that
brings together all the other art forms-from painting and sculpture, to installation art, to
music, to dance, to literature, even to computer arts-in a single production. A story is acted
out on stage (or other performance area) by actors portraying the characters, bringing them
to life and developing the plot through dialogue and actions, and sometimes through song
and/or dance.
Contributing to the vivid theater experience are the stage sets and props, the lighting,
the background music and sound effects, the costumes and accessories. In recent decades,
computer generated visual effects and mechanized sets have been incorporated as well.
To be able to clearly understand how performing art is designed, let’s go back to the
basic; The Elements of Arts.
Elements of arts as applied in theater
Elements of Arts Definition Applied in theater

1. Line A path created by a moving Using the lines, helps determine the
point, mark or object. stage movement.

2. Shape A two-dimensional (2D), flat Shapes can be used in knowing

enclosed area. When a line where to block a person.
crosses itself, it creates a shape.

3. Space The element of art refers to Space can determine the whole
the emptiness or the area set’s appearance.
around or within objects.

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4. Color The element of art derived Colors used can determine the mood
from reflected or absorbed of the production.
light.

5. Texture How something feels or looks Texture can give either a realistic
like it would feel if you could or artificial impression on the
touch it. play production.

6. Form Objects having three Body form is a crucial part to

dimensions (3D), or height, communicate a role/character to
the audience.
width and depth.
 7. Value The lightness and darkness of The light can reveal the presence of
an artwork or object. the actor, objects or any form on the
stage. More importantly light reveals
the mood of the play.

Elements of Arts as Applied to an original Performances

There's a lot to think about when planning to stage a drama. Here are the
combinations of elements of arts appropriate to produce successful theatrical performances.
1. Sound and Music
Music and sound aren’t just used in musicals. Live or recorded music can add a
lot to a dramatic production. Music and sound effects can be used to: a.) create mood
and atmosphere; b.) build tension; c.) strengthen an emotion or empathize the action
onstage; d.) help set the scene; e.) indicate a change
of time or location; f.) focus attention on to a
particular character
2. Gesture, Movement, and Dance
What’s most effective in terms of visual
impact is
the choice of movement and must take into account
not
only the feelings of a character at any given moment
in a
play. A gesture is a defined movement which clearly
communicates meaning. Shaking a fist communicates
anger, a curled finger beckoning means ‘come here’ and
Fig. 1: Millennials (Philippine Theater)
blowing a kiss is an affectionate gesture. Used with effective http://surl.li/tndv body
language and facial expression, gesture can be powerful in communicating
emotion.

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3. Costume, Mask, Makeup, and Accessories
 Costume is what the actors wear when
performing.
It can denote character, historical era and the
style of the
production. It’s important to consider the type
of costume
that best suits your work and also how easy it
is to change
from one costume to the next. Costume is
often used to
help communicate a character’s personality.
Bright stage lighting can wash out facial features and
make

Fig. 2: Ibalong http://surl.li/tndt performers appear pale, so make-up is used to enhance

features and make sure that the audience
can see the actors’ facial
expressions. It can also be used to age an actor who is playing an older character or to
create fantasy characters.
A mask hides part or all of the face. Most modern western productions don’t use
masks, but some genres of work still do. If you’re using masks in your performance,
remember that your facial expressions can’t be seen so: a.) your body language has to
be extremely clear; b.) your movement and gestures need to be exaggerated to show
emotions; c.) you must bring your whole body into the performance
4. Voice
When using voice to explore a role or perform onstage you must think about:
tone, volume, pitch, pace, clarity, and projection. Remember though, that it isn’t just a
matter of learning your lines. You have to deliver them as though they’re being spoken
for the first time with exactly the right shades of meaning for what you are trying to
convey. To achieve that, you will need to rehearse carefully, applying the voice
techniques to achieving your performance.
5. Lighting, Levels and Space
Using different heights or levels on stage creates visual interest. It can also
help to ensure that the audience see all of the action. Levels can be used to suggest
status - meaning the power or authority one character has over another. It’s important
to consider what the use of levels suggests when
staging a scene.
The space where the actors perform is referred to as
the stage.
The way the space is used and space between
characters
 onstage often says something about their relationships and
emotions. This is called proxemics. Some places on the stage
are stronger than others and draw focus to the action more
effectively.
Fig. 3: Rak of Aegis Stage Design
http://surl.li/tndp

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Stage lighting has a variety of functions such as: a.) indicating time or location; b.)
being used in an abstract or symbolic way to communicate a message; c.) being used to
direct the audience focus towards a particular character or section of action; d.) creating
mood and atmosphere to enhance a play and the audience’s experience of it.

C. READINGS The Evolution of Philippine

Theater

The performances we see today are mere

products of the
cultures that have influenced the country through the
years.
Let’s take a look at how the history of Philippine
theatre has
evolved.
• Pre-colonial Time
During the pre-historic times, theater in the Fig. 4: Cultural Center of the
http://surl.li/tnec
Philippines Philippines was in the form of indigenous rituals, verbal
jousts or games, or songs and dances to praise gods.
According to early chronicles, pre-historic dramas consisted of three elements – myth,
mimesis, and spectacle. These mimetic performances mostly dramatized primitive rituals
and epic poetry about deities and mythical legends, where the spirit of the deities would
seemingly possess a catalonan (priest) or babaylan (priestess). During this entranced state,
the priest or priestess would consume the sacrificial offering, which could be in the form of
a pig, chicken, rice, wine, or nuts.

• Spanish Regime
When the Spaniards reached our shores, they
used dramas
such as zarzuelas as a pedagogical tool to influence the
pagan
tribes and teach them about Christianity and religion.
Another
important form of theater popularized during the
Spanish
colonization is the comedia, also known as moro-moro,
 linambay,
or arakyo. It’s a play in verse that portrays the lives, loves, and
wars of moros and Christians. Moro-Moro is a Fig. 5: Moro-moro
secular comedy that dramatizes the war http://surl.li/tneu
between Christians and Muslims through

the forbidden love between the prince and the princess. Comedias were normally performed
in the pueblos or village centers to attract more people to the foundation of its regime. The
first Filipino comedia was performed in Latin and Spanish by Fr. Vicente Puche in Cebu in
1598.
On the other hand, a zarzuela is a form of musical theater that combines spoken
word and song that celebrates various Catholic liturgical feasts. Jugar Con Fuego by
Francisco Asenjo Barbieri was the first zarzuela introduced in the country in late 1878 or
early 1879. By August 17, 1893, Teatro Zorilla, the home of zarzuela, was inaugurated.
Throughout the 333 years of the Spanish regime, the Philippines was widely influenced by
their
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culture, tradition, and religion. westernized education that was
• American Colonization
When American colonial rule was established,
the United States introduced the American way
of life through education, media, and language.
Their influence on Philippine theatre is most
apparent through the bodabil (vaudeville) and
the plays and dramas staged or translated into
English.
In 1898, the first bodabil was produced by the
Manila Dramatic Guild for the sole purpose of
entertaining American soldiers and other
Americans residing in Manila. It was also the
first theatrical performance since the revolution.
In the 1930s, the country was introduced to Fig. 6: Bodabil
Broadway theatre or stage plays through the http://surl.li/tner
provided in most private schools for privileged children. Shakespearean tragedies and
comedies, as well as western classics, were performed in the original English or English
adaptation.

• The Japanese Occupation

By the 1940s, when the Japanese took over the Philippines from the Americans,
movie actors and actresses could no longer appear in films, as the Japanese confiscated all
film equipment. However, the comedia, zarzuela, and bodabil remained in the country as
 forms of entertainment and expression.
Eventually, the bodabil evolved to become stage shows or variety shows with a short
melodrama at the end to accommodate the actors and actresses who moved their craft to
bodabil and theatre. Venues such as the Manila Grand Opera
House and the Savoy Theatre became
homes of bodabil.
• Philippine Theatre as We Know It Today
After the Japanese occupation, the Philippine theatre
has
evolved to become an amalgamation of the various influences
such that of the zarzuela, comedia, bodabil, and western
classics.
Theatre was largely performed in English during the time, as it
became a large part of classroom education. Meanwhile,
zarzuelas such as “Ang Kiri”, “Dalagang Bukid”, and
“Paglipis
ng Dilim” became well-known beyond their Fig. 7: West Side Story
regions.
http://surl.li/tnet

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By the 1950s, theatre had moved out of classrooms and the concept of paying for a ticket to
see a theatrical performance emerged. This “legitimate” theatre was held in closed theaters
– these became events in themselves, not just mere parts of a celebration or religious ritual.
During this time, playwrights such as Severino
Montano, Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero, and Alberto S.
Florentino
honed their crafts and contributed to the development of
performing
arts in the Philippines.
Through the years, Philippine theatre groups have
staged
numerous plays in both English and Filipino, be it
written by a
Western or local playwright. Spanish culture and
traditions largely
influence performing arts in the Philippines, but the
contemporary
 style is borrowed from the Americans. Classic shows such as The
Westside Story and Sound of Music made waves in recent years when
it took the local stage.

Fig. 8: Sound of Music D. Examples

h When it comes to theatre and performing arts,
ttp://surl.li/tnez Filipinos are never far behind.

Here are examples of Important Elements of Performing Arts that should be

considered in order to achieve a successful stage play. You may open the link to watch
more videos.

Fig. 9: Stage Lightings Fig. 10: Stage

Design http://surl.li/tnfm http://surl.li/tnfo

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 Fig.
12:

Movement and dance onstage http://surl.li/tnfz

Fig. 11: Costumes,
Make-ups and
Accessories http://surl.li/tnfv

PART II. ACTIVITY PROPER

Activity No. 1 – PERFORMING ARTS WORD SEARCH

Directions: Loop the words in the puzzle below from the word bank regarding the performing
arts.
P A B Z D A E I L P N A S H S

B R L J K MX E I U G J L S P

E D O T N O U Y G S S A R B A

L I G J T I 0 G H I L E S N C

S L E D E R U M T C D V T T E

S I L L C C X U I J K J A L E

I M O T I U T S N L Y R G G V

D X D X O C L I G O M R E H A

E Y Y T V L G C O P Q S R R E
 M Z A S X A Q R A N T K T J R

A K A S T L A G O U Z H P N U

C D X T M A Q D R N F R F X T

A B Z Z R Z U E L S I S V Z X

C A M P L E X E L P B C A S E

E M U T S O C A M I N O WX T

Activity No. 2 – WEB MAP OF ELEMENTS OF ARTS

Directions: Complete the web map below about the elements of arts as applied in theater.
You can write in your own words.

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Elemen
ts of
arts as

applied
in
theater
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KEY TO CORRECTIONS
Activity No. 1 – PERFORMING ARTS WORD SEARCH

Activity No. 2 – WEB MAP OF ELEMENTS OF ARTS

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PART III. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION

A. Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is one of the cultural means through which the aspirations, the disappointments, the
joys, and the pitfalls of life, and its most universal meanings are translated and
transmitted to us continually through performances.
A. Digital Art B. Literature Art C. Performing Art D. Visual Art
2. It is one of the major art forms that brings together all the other art forms-from painting
and sculpture, to installation art, to music, to dance, to literature, even to computer
arts-in a single production A. Body Art B. Digital Art C. Literature D. Theater
3. What influenced theatrical performances of our country through the years?
A. Beliefs B. Culture C. Literature D. Values
4. Which of these is NOT one of the theater forms in the Philippines during the
pre-historic times? A. indigenous rituals C. stage plays
B. songs and dances to praise gods D. verbal jousts or games
5. When the Spaniards reached our shores, what was the pedagogical tool used to influence
 the pagan tribes and teach them about Christianity and religion?
A. Bodabil B. indigenous rituals C. stage plays D. Zarzuelas
6. Which of these playwrights did not contribute to the development of performing arts in
the Philippines? A. Antonio Luna B. Alberto S. Florentino C. Severino Montano D.
Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero 7. It is an element of arts applied to theater that helps determine
the stage movement. A. Lines B. Shape C. Space D. Texture
8. It is a defined movement which clearly communicates meaning
in theater plays. A. Dance B. Gesture C. Stage D. Voice
9. Which of these is NOT one of the functions of lighting onstage?
A. It creates mood and atmosphere to enhance a play and the audience’s
experience of it. B. It helps to convey the audience through gesture.
C. It indicates time or location.
D. It is used in an abstract or symbolic way to communicate a message.
10. Which of these is NOT true about the functions of music and sound in theater plays?
A. Denote character, historical era and the style of the production.
B. Indicate a change of time or location.
C. Focus attention on to a particular character.
D. Strengthen an emotion or empathize the action onstage.

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B. Directions: Write True if the underlined word completed the statement correctly and False if
it is incorrect.

________ 01. When using voice to explore a role or perform onstage you must think about:
tone, volume, pitch, pace, clarity, and projection.
________ 02. Using different heights or levels on stage creates painting interest.
________ 03. Costume is what the actors wear when performing.
________ 04. The space between characters onstage often says something about their
relationships and emotions. This is called movement.
________ 05. During the American colonization, their influence on Philippine theatre is
most apparent through the vaudeville.

C. Identifying the Elements of Arts

Directions: Look at the following images and analyze the picture by answering the
question provided. Points may vary according to the rubrics given below. (5 points
each)

What element of arts is being shown in the following images below?

Explain your answer.
 Fig. 13: https://ph.asiatatler.com/life/your-access-pass-for-august-2020

1.
__________________________________________________________________
__________
__________________________________________________________________
__________
__________________________________________________________________
__________
__________________________________________________________________
__________
__________________________________________________________________
__________
__________________________________________________________________
__________

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 Fig. 14: http://www.purpleplumfairy.com/2018/09/rep-philippines-
stagesrapunzel.html

2.
______________________________________________________________
______________
______________________________________________________________
______________
______________________________________________________________
______________
______________________________________________________________
______________
______________________________________________________________
______________

RUBRIC (10 points)

Point-Rate CRITERIA
Writing Skill Accuracy of Content

5 Outstandin All ideas were presented in a logical The given element of art/s is/are
g order. Introduction was clear, body correct and the information given
included many details, and conclusion are complete and accurately
summarized main idea. Writing flowed searched.
smoothly throughout.

4 Very Good Ideas were presented in a logical order. The given element of art/s is/are
Introduction was clear, body included correct but there is less
many details, and conclusion information
summarized main idea. given.
 3 Good Some ideas were presented in a logical The given element of art/s is/are
order. Introduction, body included many correct but the information given is
details, and conclusion were included. incomplete and there is no
references.

Score

Total Score

REFERENCES:

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A. Books
Horizons
Deped Music and Arts Appreciation for Young Filipinos
B. Online and other source Theater
Crafts
https://www.theatrecrafts.com/pages/home/topics/stage-
management/theatrical-style/ History of Philippine Theater
https://www.solaireresort.com/article/the-evolution-of-philippine-theatre
BBC-Drama Elements
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zqx3wmn/revision/1 Elements of
arts as applied in theater https://prezi.com/gsdvulsevadi/elements-of
arts-as-applied-in-theater/ What is Art?
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/what-is-art
C. Figures
Fig. 1: Gestures
https://tou202philippinetheatrearts.wordpress.com/ Fig. 2: Ibalong
https://spotlighttheatre.wordpress.com/2013/02/08/stills-tanghalang-pilipinos-
ibalong-the-musical/ Fig. 3: Rak of Aegis Stage Design
https://wsd2017.com/exhibition/detail/?pid=1125 Fig. 4: Cultural Center of the
Philippines
https://ph.asiatatler.com/life/into-a-golden-age-celebrating-50-years-of-the-
cultural-centre-of thephilippines
Fig.5: Moro-Moro
https://mishadaitacio.weebly.com/philippine-theater1.html
Fig. 6: Bodabil
https://www.facebook.com/AntoinetteNoir/photos/
a.1786492551645119.1073741830.16149405221336 57/1786492578311783 Fig. 7:
West Side Story
https://genius.com/albums/Stephen-sondheim/West-side-story-original-
broadway-cast-recording Fig. 8: Sound of Music
https://www.amazon.com/JIONK%C2%AE-Sound-Music-Movie-Poster/
dp/B01F1WRV5I Fig. 9: Stage Lightings
https://interaksyon.philstar.com/lifestyle/2017/06/12/78448/a-night of-
moving-stories-at-rep
philippines-50th-anniversary-show/
Fig. 10: Stage Design
https://thetheatretimes.com/latest/worldwide/asia/philippines/ Fig. 11:
Costumes, Make-ups and Accessories
https://theblissfulbloom.com/2018/08/30/rapunzel-rapunzel-a-very-hairy
fairy-tale-by-repertory
philippines/
Fig. 12: Movement and dance onstage
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/339909/dance-review-ballet-
philippines-a christmas-carol-sets-the-season-in-motion/story/
Fig. 13: Dance production
https://ph.asiatatler.com/life/your-access-pass-for-august-2020
Fig. 14: Stage lightings
http://www.purpleplumfairy.com/2018/09/rep-philippines-stages-rapunzel.html

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