Chapter: 3

Class IX
Information and Communication Technology
Information and communication technology, or ICT, is the field that deals with using electronic devices like
computers, smart phones, iPads, etc.

Using ICT tools can lead to

• higher order thinking skills
• provide creative and individualized options for students to express their understandings
• Students are better prepared to deal with ongoing technological change in society and the workplace.
Some of the advantages of ICT in education are:
• Complex topics can be easily explained to the students with the help of pictures, videos, presentations,
etc.
• Images and videos used for teaching improves the retention memory of the students.
• Presentations can make the lessons interesting.
• Practical demonstrations can be given to the students.
• If the teaching process in the class is interactive, it will make the lesson more enjoyable.
• An e-learning program allows students to learn at their own pace, at any convenient time, and from any
place.

​ Impact of ICT on society

ICT has divided the society into two groups:
1. Persons who can do their personal and professional work efficiently. They are efficient in using
services like, e-banking, e-learning, e governance sites, etc.
2. People who do not have access to a computer and internet. They also do not have the knowledge to use
facilities available on the internet.
•
​ BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
A computer is an electronic device that has devices to enter data, store data and process raw facts
and figures according to the given instructions and give the desired result on an output device.

​ HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

 A computer system comprises of hardware and software.
• Computer hardware – Physical parts of a computer such as Input devices, output devices,
central processing unit and storage devices are called computer hardware.
• Computer software – Software are the programs or applications that run on computer. For
example, MS Word, MS PowerPoint, Operating systems, etc
• Computer hardware
The physical components of a computer system are called hardware. A computer
basically consists of following physical components:
• Input unit
• Processing unit
• Storage unit
• Auxiliary storage
• Output unit
​ The Central Processing Unit
The Central Processing Unit is the brain of the computer system. Functions of Central
Processing Unit are:
• It controls the sequence of operations within the computer
• It gives commands to other parts of the computer
• It controls the use of main memory for storing data and instructions

​ Computer Software
Software is a set of computer programs that perform a particular task. Following are the
categories of softwares:

​ System Software

System software is a set of one or more programs designed to control the operation
of a computer system. Operating systems and language processors come under the
category of system software.
Memory of computer system:

RAM : Random access memory

ROM:Read only Memory
Cache Memory:Cache Memory is a special very high-speed memory. The cache is a smaller and faster
memory that stores copies of the data.

Unit of Computer Memory

● Operating System

Operating system is a master control program that runs the computer. When the computer is switched on,
operating system is the first
program loaded into the computer’s memory. Examples of operating system are Windows, UNIX, MS-DOS,
Mac OS, Solaris, etc.

● Language Processors
A computer can understand commands expressed as machine code, such as 0 and 1. The source code for
the programmes is written in a high level language similar to English. To run, the source code needs to be
translated into machine language. Language processor refers to the programme used to translate source
code written in high level languages into machine code. The object programme is the programme that has
been converted into machine code.

Language processor is of three types:

 1. Assembler:- It is a program that translates an assembly language program into machine language.

2,Compiler:-It is a program that translates a high-level language program into machine language. For
example C++ compiler.

3. Interpreter:-It is a program that translates a high-level language into a machine language program
line by line. For example, Visual basic Interpreter.

● Application Software

Application software is a computer program that is designed to perform a certain type of work. This type
of software pertains to one specific application. For example, software written to calculate the salary of
the school employees cannot be used to prepare school result.

● Utility Program

A utility program is used to perform maintenance work on a system or on the components of the
computer.

Compression:- This program helps in compression of large files so that they take less storage space. For
example, WinZip.
Disk Management Tools:- These programs include
• Disk Cleaner
• Disk Defragmenter
• Backup

Various Computer Devices:

●
MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Reader used to read Cheques in Banks.
OCR: Optical Character Reader to convert books and prints to electronic form
OMR: Optical Mark Reader used to detect marks on paper of MCQ type exams
Barcode Reader: It is used to read barcodes on different things like books, food packets etc
Microphone (Mic): To Input audio
Web Camera: to input Video
Biometric Sensor: To input Fingerprints
Smart Card Reader: It reads Credit and Debit Cards

Ports and connections

The slots in which we connect a mouse, keyboard, pen drive, internet etc.

USB: Universal Serial Bus Port used to connect a mouse, keyboard pen drives
Display Port: It connects video devices like Monitor and Projector
Audio Ports: It is used to connect audio devices like Mic, Speakers
Ethernet Port: It connects to high-speed internet
Power Port: It is used to connect the power supply.

Operating Systems
The foundational programme that manages a computer is called an operating system. It acts as a conduit
for communication between the user and the computer.
 Some of the functions of Operating system are:
• It manages all the devices of a computer and keeps track of the status of the device, whether it is busy or
not.
• It also checks whether the device is functioning properly or not.
• It also controls software resources of the computer.it manages the computer memory and keeps track of
which memory space is in use by which program and which space is free.
• It manages the structure of the files and directories on a computer system.
• It keeps track of the amount of disk space used by a specific file.
• It allows you to create, copy, move and delete files.
​ TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
DOS – DOS (Disk Operating System) is an operating system for a personal computer. Early computers
were able to run one program at a time. It had a command line interface in which a user has to
remember the commands to run the program and do other operating system tasks. For example, the
DOS command, dir, will display the list of files in the current directory.

Windows – It is an operating system developed by Microsoft. Some popular versions of Windows

operating system are- Windows 98, Windows, 2000, Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8, and
Windows 10.

Linux – It is an operating system designed for personal computers. It is a free and open-source software,
which means it can be modified and redistributed.

● Batch Operating System

● Real-Time Operating System
● Time-Sharing Operating System.
● Distributed Operating System.
● Embedded Operating System.
● Network Operating System.
● Mobile Operating System.

● Communication and Networking — Basics of Internet

The Internet is a huge network of computers around the world. World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of all
websites we visit on the internet.

Uses Of Internet
• Search information
• Shopping
• Online booking
• Entertainment
• E-mail and chatting
• Online learning
• Social networking
• Online banking
Connecting to the Internet
An Internet Service Provider (ISP)─i.e., the telephone company which provides Internet connectivity using
the phone lines or a wireless network.

Types of connections
(a) Wired connections: When the internet is connected through a wired medium like ethernet cable.
(b) Wireless connection: When the internet is connected through a wireless medium like Wifi.

Bandwidth: The amount of data transferred in a certain amount of time. In analogue devices, the bandwidth
is expressed in cycles per second, or Hertz (Hz). Data transferred digitally is measured by bits per second
(bps)

1 Kbps (kilobits per second) = 1000 bits per second

1 Mbps (megabits per second) = 1000 kilo bits per second
1 Gbps (gigabits per second) = 1,000 mega bits per second

Internet browser: The application software is used to visit websites. Example -Chrome, Firefox

● Communication and Networking — Internet Browsing

World Wide Web (WWW)

It is a vast network of files stored in computers all over the world.It is made up of

1. Web Page: A web page is a document present on a computer that is connected to the internet each
webpage has a unique address like https://www.crackmycbse.com.

2. Web browser: Application software to use the information available on the Internet. Ex- Chrome, Opera,
Firefox

3. Hyperlinks: Highlighted words on a webpage. If you click on that it will redirect you to another page.

Important parts of a web browser

(i) Address bar: To type the address of the webpage

(ii) Tabbed browsing (Ctrl+T): It is used to view multiple web pages in the same window
(iii) Back and forward buttons: Used to get back or next page
(iv) Refresh button (F5): To refresh the page

● Communication and Networking — Introduction to e-Mail

Electronic Mail (E-mail) is a quick way to send messages to people using the internet. We can send videos,
documents, spreadsheets, etc., along with the e-mail as attachments.
E-mail ID or Address
The e-mail address is made up of two parts separated by the @ symbol. Ex- crackmycbse@gmail.com,
crackmycbse is the name given by the user and gmail.com domain which provides mail service.

Advantages of e-mail
1. Delivery of mail is very fast.
2. Cost of mail is almost free.
3. Multiple copies can be sent at a time
4. pictures, documents can be attached

Comparison between Post mail and E-mail.

● Communication and Networking — Creating an e-Mail Account

Go to gmail.com click on create an account. After filling in all the details set up a new account.

● Communication and Networking— Writing an e-Mail

To write a new e-mail, connect to the Internet and open Gmail. Sign In with your login Id. Click on compose
and write the message. after entering the mail address of the receiver set the mail.

Draft Folder: All emails are stored which are written but not sent.
Junk/Spam: The mail which is not useful is stored in it.
Trash: Holds all deleted emails.

● Communication and Networking — Receiving and Replying to emails

Receiving an e-mail: All emails received are in Inbox.

Replying to an e-mail: To reply to the email click on the reply button.
Forwarding an e-mail: To send the same message click on forward
Deleting an e-mail: Click on the delete icon to delete emails.