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Air_Pollution
Air_Pollution
⚫ Facilitates climate
moderation, evens out the
extremes i.e. temperature
Area source
Point
source
Mobile Sources
General effects
Structures Vegetation +
animals
Air Pollution
harms
Globalized
Soil + Water
effect
pollution
Human
health
Pollutant Classification
⚫ Primary pollutants
⚫ Directly emitted through man-made or natural
events i.e. sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides etc.
⚫ Secondary pollutants
⚫ Produced from interaction between primary air
pollutants and usual atmospherics i.e. acid rain
from interaction between moisture and sulfur
dioxide.
Major air pollutants
⚫ Particulate matter (very tiny solid or liquid particles)
⚫ Gaseous forms
⚫ Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
⚫ Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
⚫ Carbon monoxide (CO)
⚫ Ozone (O3)
⚫ Volatile organic compounds (VOC)
⚫ Hydrocarbons
⚫ Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
⚫ Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - sources
⚫ Colorless and odorless gas
⚫ Frequent conversion into sulfate (SO4) and
consequent deposition in dry or wet form.
⚫ Anthropogenic sources
⚫ Coal based power plants
⚫ Petroleum refining
⚫ Production of paper, cement etc.
⚫ Natural sources may contribute i.e. volcanic
eruption.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - effects
⚫ Effect depends on concentration
⚫ Potential injury to animals and plants, may cause
death in high enough concentrations
⚫ Corrodes metallic surfaces i.e. steel structures and
painted surfaces.
⚫ Damage respiratory system in humans and other
animals
⚫ Acid rain formation upon reaction with
atmospheric moisture
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - Mitigation
⚫ Technology to burn coal more cleanly
⚫ Settling chambers/
collectors to control
coarse particles
Volatile organic Compounds
⚫ Various organic compounds
⚫ A major subcategory is hydrocarbons – compounds
consisting of only hydrogen and carbons.
⚫ Potentially largest contributor – automobiles
⚫ Natural sources might be responsible for producing
hydrocarbons as well i.e. in Atlanta, large amount is
produced from trees
Volatile organic Compounds - effects
⚫ Some hydrocarbons are toxic
⚫ Others go through reaction to produce secondary pollutants.
⚫ Component of photochemical smog
⚫ Cl + O3 🡪 ClO + O2
⚫ ClO + O 🡪 Cl + O2
Purpose of AQI
o Daily release of air quality conditions to the public
o Convey the health implications of air quality
o Protect public interest and take actions to reduce emissions
o Forecast air pollution level
Criteria of AQI in Bangladesh
⚫ AQI is based on 5 criteria pollutants; Particulate Matter (PM10
and PM2.5), NO2, CO, SO2 and Ozone (O3).
⚫ DoE has also set national ambient air quality standards for these
pollutants.
⚫ These standards aim to protect against adverse human health
impacts.
th
AQI index Dhaka January 4 , 2020
Acknowledgement
⚫ This presentation was prepared with the help of
Professor Dr. Afzal Ahmed