Sched-s

Engineering Schedule
SYRIA
Standard Design
Specification for
Oil & Gas Separators
Schedule S
Controlled Document Ref.: Schedule S Custodian: TED/1
Originated by: Verified by: Approved by: Revision & Date:
TED/11 TED, TES, TEP TEN, TEN/1 Rev 01 12/96
Reason for Revision: General Revision of Sizing Guidelines

Addition of SMS Vessels for Compressor Scrubbers
Printed: 10 November, 1996 Page 2 of 33

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DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR OIL & GAS SEPARATORS
Rev 01
SYRIA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
2 APPLICABLE CODES AND REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS
3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4 TWO PHASE SEPARATORS
5 HORIZONTAL THREE PHASE SEPARATORS
6 PIPING
7 NOZZLES
8 LEVEL CONTROLS, ALARMS AND SHUTDOWNS
9 OPERATING ENVELOPES
10 INSPECTION AND TESTING
11 DATA REQUIREMENTS
ATTACHMENTS:
1 - Data Sheet
2 - Figure 1: Vertical Knockout Vessel
3 - Figure 2: Vertical Demisting Vessel
4 - Figure 3: Horizontal Knockout Vessel
5 - Figure 4: Horizontal Demisting Vessel
6 - Figure 5: SMS Separator
7 - Figure 6: Typical Separator Operating Envelope
Page 3 of 33 December 1996

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USER FEEDBACK PAGE
Any user who identifies an inaccuracy, error, ambiguity or omission is requested to notify the chairman of the
‘Discipline Standard Committee’ which designator is shown below, so that appropriate action can be taken.
The user is requested to return this page fully completed, indicating precisely the amendment(s) proposed.
From :
To : TES (Chairman of the Discipline Standard Committee)

Date :
A - Description of discrepancy detected.
B - Correction Proposed.

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1 SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
1.1 This specification defines the minimum requirements of Al Furat Petroleum Company for the design,
fabrication, testing and inspection of oil and gas separators for use in onshore production facilities.
1.2 Within this specification the following definitions shall apply:
COMPANY: AL FURAT PETROLEUM COMPANY or a designated

Engineer/Constructor performing work on behalf of Al Furat Petroleum Company.
CONTRACTOR: The Contractor, Vendor or Manufacturer selected by

COMPANY to perform the work or provide equipment and services as described
in this specification.
INSPECTOR: The individual(s) designated by COMPANY to act on

COMPANY's behalf for all matters relating to Quality Control, Testing, and
acceptance of the work.
RFQ: COMPANY's Request For Quotation forming part of a

Project Contract or Purchase Order.
SHALL: The word SHALL is to be understood as mandatory in

the context of this specification.
SHOULD: The word SHOULD is to be understood as strongly

recommended to comply with the requirements of this specification.

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1.3 Symbols and Abbreviations
A Area m2
BTL Bottom Tangent Line -
D Internal Diameter of Vessel m
d Internal Diameter of Nozzle m
Eff Efficiency of Separation %
f Derating Factor -
H Height m
InterfaceRelated to Interface (for levels) -
L Length m
LA(H) High Liquid Level Alarm -
LA(L) Low Liquid Level Alarm -
LZA(HH) High Liquid Level Shutdown -
LZA(LL) Low liquid Level Shutdown -
M Mass Flowrate kg/s
NLL Normal Liquid Level -
Q Volumetric Flowrate m3/s
SMS Schoepentoeter Mistmat Swirldeck -
t Thickness m
TTL Top Tangent Line -
v Velocity m/s
V Volume m3
X Distance m
Greek Symbols
 Dynamic Viscosity Pa.s

 Gas Load Factor m/s
 Density kg/m3
 Flow Parameter -
Subscripts
1 Related to Feed Inlet

2 Related to Gas Outlet
3 Related to Liquid Outlet
con Related to Control Requirements (e.g. Residence Time or Slug Handling)
feed Related to Feed Flow
G Gas
in Related to Inlet
L Liquid
m Mixture
max Maximum
min Minimum
noz Nozzle
O Oil
out Outlet
wm Related to Wiremesh
W Water
 Related to liquid Dynamic Viscosity
 Related to Flow Parameter
Superscripts
* Density Correction

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2 APPLICABLE CODES AND REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS
2.1 Mechanical design, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing, painting, identification stamping, preparation
and presentation of shop drawings, final reports and data sheets and preparation for shipment of vessels shall
be in accordance with the requirements of COMPANY’s Schedule ‘T’, “Standard Specifications for Unfired
Pressure Vessels” or Schedule ‘TT’, “Standard Specifications for Unfired Pressure Vessels in Sour (H 2S)
Service” as applicable.
2.2 All piping outside the scope of this Schedule shall be in accordance with the requirements of COMPANY’s
Schedule ‘Q’, “Pipe, Valves and Fittings” or Schedule ‘QQ’, “Pipe, Valves and Fittings for Sour (H 2S)
Service” as applicable, and COMPANY’s Schedule ‘Q-CP’, “Pipe Fabrication and Assembly”.
2.3 Instrument equipment, as applicable, shall be in accordance with the requirements of COMPANY’s Schedule
‘L’, “Instruments and Controls”.
2.4 Electrical equipment and wiring, as applicable, shall be in accordance with the requirements of
COMPANY’s Schedule ‘F’, “Standard Specifications for Electrical Equipment” and ‘F-CP’, “Construction
Practices for Electrical Systems”.
2.5 Structural steel skids, as applicable, shall be in accordance with COMPANY’s Schedule ‘Z’, “Design of
Structural Steel” and Schedule ‘Z-CP’, “Structural Steel Fabrication”.
2.6 Painting shall be in accordance with COMPANY’s Schedule ‘V-9’, “Painting of New Construction Projects”.
2.7 The reference Schedules above shall be considered integral parts of this Schedule.

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3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Oil and gas separators shall be designed in accordance with this Schedule, the attached Standard
Specification Sheet and COMPANY’s RFQ.
3.2 The vessel diameter, length (height), and nozzle sizes specified in COMPANY’s RFQ are the minimum
acceptable. CONTRACTOR shall select larger dimensions if needed to fulfill the design requirements for
the vessel.
3.3 For horizontal vessels, the tangent-to-tangent length/diameter ratio shall be between 2.5 and 6.
3.4 The horizontal separator gas flow area for calculating gas velocity and determining the size of liquid droplets
removed shall be based on the cross-sectional area available above the high level shutdown LZA(HH).
3.5 Defoaming plates, wave breakers and parallel plate packs shall be provided in three-phase horizontal vessels.
3.6 Demisting separators shall be furnished with Schoepentoeter inlet diverters unless otherwise specified by
COMPANY. Schoepentoeters shall be horizontally mounted.
3.7 Compressor suction and interstage scrubbers shall be SMS (Schoepentoeter, Mistmat, Swirldeck) type
separators.
3.8 The detailed design of Schoepentoeters and swirldecks shall be carried out by a manufacturer approved by
COMPANY. The design must be reviewed by COMPANY prior to placing the respective purchase orders.
3.9 All vessel internals shall be bolted to attachments welded to the vessel wall.
3.10 All vertical vessels with diameters of less than 1.2 m shall be provided with a full top flange.
3.11 Oil and gas separator specifications and drawings shall specify whether the separator is to be supplied on a
skid, piped and instrumented or supplied without a skid.
3.12 Relief valves in vessels equipped with demister mats shall be installed upstream of the demister mat.

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4 TWO PHASE SEPARATORS
The calculation of the gas handling capacity of a separator shall be based on the volumetric gas flow factor
Q*max , which is defined as follows:
G
Q *max  Q G ,max  m3/s
( L   G )
Q G,max is the highest envisaged gas flowrate (actual m 3/s at flowing pressure and
temperature) and includes a margin for surging which shall be 20% unless otherwise specified by
the COMPANY.  G and  L are the actual densities (at flowing temperature and pressure) of the
gas and liquid phases respectively [kg/m 3]. In case two immiscible liquids are present in the feed
(e.g. crude oil and water) and the flowrate of the lower density liquid is at least 5% (volume) of the
total liquid flowrate, then the density of the lighter liquid shall be used in the above formula.
The minimum required vessel cross-sectional area for gas handling, A G.min , is determined by the following
formula:
Q *max
A G,min  m2
 max
 max is the maximum allowable gas load factor, which is a measure for the gas handling
capacity of a given separator, and which is defined below for all relevant vessel types.
In a horizontal vessel, A G,min is the cross-sectional area above the high level shutdown
LZA(HH). In a vertical vessel, A G,min is the cross-sectional area of the vessel. When a wire mesh
demister is used, A G,min is the cross-sectional area of the wire mesh, which may be significantly
smaller than the vessel cross-sectional area.
The Flow Parameter  , which is used to characterise the type of gas/liquid feed entering a separator or
separator internal and is required for the sizing of a vertical demisting separator, is defined as follows:
Q  
   L  L
 QG  G
Q L and Q G are the volumetric flowrates of the liquid and gas phases respectively (actual
3
m /s at flowing pressure and temperature).
The liquid removal efficiency of a gas/liquid separator Eff is defined as the ratio of the liquid flowrate
separated from the gas stream and the liquid flowrate entering the separator, multiplied by 100.
 Q L ,out 
Eff    100% %
 Q L ,feed 

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Liquid handling, degassing and defoaming requirements shall be based on Q L,max , which is the highest
envisaged liquid flowrate (actual m 3/s at flowing pressure and temperature) and includes a margin for surging
which shall be 20% unless otherwise specified.

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4.1 Vertical Knockout Separators
Vertical Knockout Separators shall be fitted with a half-open pipe inlet device with its opening directed
downwards. Figure 1 shows a sketch of a Vertical Knockout Separator. The liquid removal efficiency of a
Vertical Knockout Separator sized according to the following guidelines will typically be 80% to 90%.
A. Diameter
The vessel diameter D shall satisfy the following criteria:
1) The Gas Handling Criterion:
Q *max
 max   0.07
 D min
2  m/s
 4 
 
2) If liquid de-gassing is required:
Q L ,max   L
D  7608 m
( L   G )
3) If de-foaming is required:
0 .14
 L 
D  95 Q L ,max    m
 ( L   G ) 
B. Liquid Levels
Liquid level requirements are described in section 8.
C. Height
The total vessel height (tangent to tangent) is given by:
H  h  X 1  d1  X 2 m
where
h = height required for liquid hold-up (section 8)

X1 = clearance between LZA(HH) and half-
open pipe inlet device
( X 1 = 0.3 D with a minimum of 0.3 m)
d1 = internal diameter of the feed nozzle
X2 = clearance between the half-open pipe
inlet device and the Top Tangent Line
( X 2 = 0.9 D with a minimum of 0.9 m)
D. Nozzles
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The sizing of feed, gas outlet and liquid outlet nozzles shall be as described in section 7.
4.2 Vertical Demisting Separators
When the vessel diameter is less than 0.8 m the feed nozzle shall be fitted with a half-open pipe inlet device,
with its opening directed downwards. For vessel diameters greater than 0.8 m, the vessel shall be fitted with
a Schoepentoeter. The vessel shall be fitted with a demister mat above the inlet device. Figure 2 shows a
sketch of a Vertical Demisting Separator. The liquid removal efficiency of a Vertical Demisting Separator
sized according to the following guidelines will typically be greater than 98%.
Demister mats shall be made of knitted wire formed to give the correct shape, and not cut so as to leave raw
edges and/or loose pieces of wire which could become detached, and shall be made of stainless steel 316
unless otherwise specified by the COMPANY. The mistmat shall have a free volume of at least 97%, a wire
surface area greater than 350 m 2/m3 and a wire thickness of between 0.23 and 0.28 mm. The thickness of the
demister mat shall be a minimum of 0.1 m. The wire mat shall be mounted between two grids with a
minimum free area of at least 97%, and shall be fastened in such a way as to avoid being compressed when it
is being mounted. Perforated plates shall not be used either upstream or downstream of the demister to avoid
possible liquid accumulation.
A. Diameter
Q *max
 max   0.105 f   f 
  D min
2  m/s
 4 

Note that D min in the above equation is the cross-sectional area of the
mistmat. The vessel diameter shall be increased by twice the width of the demister mat
support ring.
f  is the derating factor accounting for the viscosity of the liquid phase,
and is determined as follows:
0 .04
 0.001
f    if  L  0.001 Pa.s
 L 
f  1 if  L  0.001 Pa.s
f  is the derating factor related to the flow parameter at the face of the
wiremesh, and accounts for the knockout capacity of the inlet device.
1
f  if  wm  0.1
(1  10  wm )
f   0.5 if  wm  0.1
with

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 wm  0.05  feed for vessels with a Schoepentoeter

 wm  0.20  feed for vessels with a half-open pipe inlet device
Q L ,max   L
D  7608 m
( L   G )
0 .14
 L 
D  95 Q L ,max    m
 ( L   G ) 
B. Liquid Levels
C. Height
H  h  X 1  X 2  X 3  t wm  X 4 m
where

t wm = thickness of demister mat (normally 0.1 m)
and either (with a Schoepentoeter)
X1 = 0.05 D with a minimum of 0.15 m

X2 = d1 + 0.02 m
X3 = d1 with a minimum of 0.3 m
or (with a half-open pipe inlet device)

X2 = d1
where
D. Nozzles
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4.3 Horizontal Knockout Separators
Horizontal Knockout Separators shall be fitted with a half-open pipe inlet device either at the top of the
vessel or at the vessel front. The bottom of the half-open pipe shall be at least 0.15 m above LZA(HH). For
a top-entry half-open pipe, the last section of the pipe should be horizontal pointing opposite to the flow
direction in the vessel and with the opening pointing upwards. Figure 3 shows a sketch of a Horizontal
Knockout Separator. The liquid removal efficiency of a Horizontal Knockout Separator sized according to
the following guidelines will typically be 80% to 90%.
A. Diameter
The maximum fill of a Horizontal Knockout Separator (LZA(HH) level) shall not exceed
80% of the vessel diameter, and the height of the gascap above the LZA(HH) level shall be at least
0.4 m.
The vessel diameter D shall satisfy the following criteria in addition to the requirements for
liquid control and holdup:
1) Vertical Cross-sectional Area for Gas Flow:
Q*max
 max  = 0.07 m/s
A G,min
where A G,min is taken as the vessel’s cross-sectional

area above the LZA(HH) liquid level.
 4.510 7  Q L ,max   L 
D    /L
 m
 ( L   G ) 
0 . 27
 L 
D  7000 Q L ,max    /L m
 ( L   G ) 
B. Liquid Levels
C. Nozzles
The gas outlet nozzle shall be located at the top of the vessel.

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4.4 Horizontal Demisting Separators
Horizontal Demisting Separators shall be fitted with a Schoepentoeter at the vessel front and a horizontal
flow vanepack in the gas section. The bottom of the Schoepentoeter shall be at least 0.15 m above
LZA(HH). Figure 4 shows a sketch of a Horizontal Demisting Separator. The liquid removal efficiency of a
Horizontal Demisting Separator sized according to the following guidelines will typically be greater than
96%.
Vane type mist eliminators shall be used in Horizontal Demisting Separators. These shall be capable of
removing 100% of liquid particles 10 microns and larger from the gas stream at gas flowrates between 25%
and 100% of the highest envisaged design gas flowrate. The vanes shall be positioned in a box with a liquid
sump, with a minimum distance between the lower end of the free surface of the vanes and LZA(HH) of at
least 0.25 m.
Measures shall be taken to prevent gas bypassing the vane pack. One method is to have the vanes positioned
in a gas-tight box around the gas outlet. Liquid drainage from the sump of the vane box is via a 3" drain pipe
per meter length and via a 4" drain pipe in the vane box housing. Another method is to place the vanes in a
box which has no direct connection with the gas outlet. In this case gas bypassing is prevented by blanking
off the cross-sectional vessel area adjacent to the vane box and attaching a baffle to the underside of the vane
box extending at least 0.10 m below LZA(LL). Liquid drainage from the sump of the vane box is via a 3"
drain pipe per meter. All drain pipes shall extend to at least 0.10 m below LZA(LL) level.
Normally a vane pack has its face perpendicular to the vessel axis. If however this layout does not create
sufficient vane area, it is possible to use a diagonal vane pack where the angle between the vane face and the
vessel axis can be taken down to 10 degrees. To minimise maldistribution over the vane area diagonal vane
packs shall be equipped with perforated plates.
A. Diameter
The maximum fill of a Horizontal Demisting Separator (i.e. LZA(HH) level) shall not
exceed 50% of the vessel diameter (vessel centerline), and the height of the gascap above the
LZA(HH) level shall be at least 0.8 m.
The vessel diameter D shall satisfy the following criteria in addition to the requirements for
liquid control and holdup:
1) Vertical cross-sectional Area for Gas Flow:
Q*max 0 .14 0 .76

 max   0.1  0.008  G   feed m/s
A G,min
where A G,min is taken as the vessel’s cross-sectional

area above the LZA(HH) liquid level.

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However,  max shall not exceed 0.15 m/s if no slugs are

expected in the feed, and  max shall not exceed 0.10 m/s if slugs are expected in
the feed.
 4.510 7  Q L ,max   L 
D    /L

 (  L   G ) 
m
0 . 27
 L 
D  7000 Q L ,max    /L m
 ( L   G ) 
B. Liquid Levels
C. Nozzles
The gas outlet nozzle shall be located at the top of the vessel.
4.5 Compressor Scrubbers (SMS Separators)
The liquid removal efficiency of an SMS Separator sized according to the following guidelines will typically
be greater than 98%.
Figure 5 shows a sketch of a SMS Separator.
An SMS separator contains the following internals:
- A Schoepentoeter for primary gas/liquid separation

- A mistmat acting as a coalescer
- A swirldeck consisting of a number of swirltubes (in essence axial cyclones)
A. Diameter
Q *max
  0.25
  D min
2  m/s
 4 
 
2) The Liquid Handling Criterion:

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D  10.76 Q L ,max m
Q L ,max   L
D  7608 m
( L   G )
0 .14

D  95 Q L ,max   L  m
 (  L   G )
B. Liquid Levels
C. Height
H  h  X 1  d1  0.02  X 2  X 3  X 4  0.51  X 5 m
where

X2 = d1 with a minimum of 0.3 m
X3 = 0.1 m
X4 = 0.2 D with a minimum of:
0.5 m with horizontal collection
headers below the swirldeck
0.3 m if horizontal headers are not
used
X5 = 0.15 D
D. Nozzles
4.6 Vent and Flare Knockout Vessels
Vent and flare knockout vessels shall be Horizontal Knockout Separators with half-open pipe inlet devices
and shall be sized to gravity settle all liquid droplets larger than 150 microns in diameter from the gas
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stream. The hold-up volume shall be sufficient to provide a 15 minute liquid retention time at the maximum
upstream process relief rate. The knockout vessel operating pressure shall be determined by calculating the
developed pressure drop from the flare or vent discharge to the knockout vessel at the specific rates used for
sizing the vessel.

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5 HORIZONTAL THREE PHASE SEPARATORS
5.1 Horizontal three phase separators shall be fitted with a bolted, adjustable weir, which shall operate
overflowing. The weir shall be located at a sufficient distance from the vessel end to give a downstream oil
compartment residence time of at least one minute at the maximum anticipated oil flowrate, with a 5%
allowance for carried-over water unless otherwise specified. This residence time shall be calculated using
the volume from the top of the weir to the oil compartment’s LZA(LL) level.
5.2 The top of the weir should notionally be at the vessel centerline, but may be at a different level if required to
fulfill the sizing and level control requirements.
5.3 Three phase separators shall be sized to simultaneously meet all four of the following criteria.
1) The first criterion is the gas handling criterion for the equivalent two-phase separator as
defined in section 4.
Three-phase horizontal demisting separators shall be fitted with vane-type demisters. Note
that the maximum liquid fill of a horizontal three-phase demisting vessel is not restricted to 50%; all
other minimum distance and level requirements remain mandatory.
2) The second criterion is to provide a liquid retention time of not less than 5 minutes for
degassing and dehydration, with a 20% allowance for surging unless otherwise specified. The 5
minutes retention time shall be taken for the compartment upstream of the weir, up to the weir
height.
3) The third criterion is to gravity separate 200 micron (and larger) oil droplets from the water
phase.
4) The fourth criterion is to gravity separate 500 micron (and larger) water droplets from the
oil phase.
5.4 The sizing of feed, gas outlet, and oil and water outlet nozzles shall be as described in section 7. The oil
outlet nozzle shall be determined using the maximum anticipated oil flowrate, with a 5% margin for water
carry-over unless otherwise specified.

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6 PIPING REQUIREMENTS
6.1 Piping to and from separators shall not interfere with the proper working of the separators, and shall comply
with the following:
a. There shall be no valves, pipe expansions or constraints within 10 pipe diameters of the
inlet nozzle.
b. There shall be no bends within 10 pipe diameters of the inlet nozzle. For knock-out drums
and demisters, a bend in the feed pipe is permitted if this is in a vertical plane through the axis of
the feed nozzle.
c. Pipe reducers may be used in vapour lines leading from separators but shall be at least
twice the pipe diameter away from the top of the vessel.
7 NOZZLES
7.1 The minimum nozzle size on a gas liquid separator shall be 2 inches.
7.2 The sizing of the nozzles shall be based on the actual design flowrates, including the appropriate design
margin. For calculating the mixture density and velocity the following equations shall be used:
(M G  M L )
Density of Mixture =  m kg/m3
(Q G  Q L )
(Q G  Q L )
Velocity of Mixture at inlet =  vm , in m/s
A1
Where
MG = Mass flowrate of gas kg/s

ML = Mass flowrate of liquid kg/s
QG = Volumetric flowrate of gas m3/s
QL = Volumetric flowrate of liquid m3/s
A1 = Cross-sectional area at the inlet m2
and
Q G and Q L are the actual flowrates (at flowing temperature and

pressure) of the gas and liquid phases respectively.

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7.3 Feed Inlet Nozzles
The internal diameter d 1 of the feed inlet nozzle depends on the selected inlet device. The diameter d 1 may
be taken as equal to the feed pipe, but shall also fulfill the following criteria.
a) No Inlet Device:
2
m  v m , in  1000 Pa
b) Half-Open Pipe Inlet Device:
2
m  v m , in  1500 Pa
c) Schoepentoeter:
2
m  v m , in  6000 Pa
and
2
G  v G , in  3750 Pa
7.4 Gas Outlet Nozzles
The internal diameter d 2 of the gas outlet nozzle may be taken as equal to the gas outlet pipe, but shall also
fulfill the following criterion:
2
G  v G , out  3750 Pa
7.5 Liquid Outlet Nozzles
The internal diameter d 3 of the liquid outlet nozzles shall be chosen such that the velocity does not exceed
1 m/s, but should preferably be lower. The nozzles shall be equipped with vortex breakers.

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8 LEVEL CONTROLS, ALARMS AND SHUTDOWNS
8.1 Two Phase Separators
The determination of liquid level settings shall be based on the highest envisaged liquid flowrate Q L,max
(actual m3/s at flowing pressure and temperature), which shall include a 20% margin for surging unless
otherwise specified.
Unless otherwise specified, the following liquid level alarms and shutdowns shall be provided for all two-
phase separators:
LZA(LL) Low Liquid Level shutdown

LA(L) Low Liquid Level alarm
LA(H) High Liquid Level alarm
LZA(HH) High Liquid Level shutdown
The low level shutdown LZA(LL) shall be at least 0.15 m above the Bottom Tangent Line for a vertical
vessel, or 0.15 m above the vessel bottom for a horizontal vessel.
The low level alarm LA(L) shall be at least 0.19 m above the LZA(LL) level. The volume between the
LZA(LL) and LA(L) levels shall provide at least one minute hold-up time at the maximum design liquid
flowrate Q L,max .
The high level alarm LA(H) shall be at least 0.36 m above the LA(L) level. The volume between the LA(L)
and LA(H) levels (control volume) shall provide at least three minutes hold-up time at the maximum design
liquid flowrate Q L,max . If liquid slugs are anticipated, the volume between LA(L) and LA(H) shall be
increased to accommodate the slugs.
The Normal Liquid Level NLL should be selected such that the volume between LA(L) and NLL is identical
to the volume between NLL and LA(H).
The high level shutdown LZA(HH) shall be at least 0.1 m above the LA(H) level. The volume between the
LA(H) and LZA(HH) levels shall provide at least one minute hold-up time at the maximum design liquid
flowrate Q L,max . If the liquid has a foaming tendency, the distance between LA(H) and LZA(HH) shall be
increased by 0.25 m.
8.2 Horizontal Three Phase Separators
The determination of liquid and interface level settings shall be based on the highest envisaged liquid
flowrate Q L,max , oil flowrate Q O,max and water flowrate Q W,max (actual m3/s at flowing pressure and
temperature). These shall include 20% margins for surging unless otherwise specified.
Unless otherwise specified, the following liquid and interface level alarms and shutdowns shall be provided
for all three-phase separators:
LZA(LL) Low Liquid Level shutdown (downstream of the weir)

LA(H) High Liquid Level alarm
LZA(HH) High Liquid Level shutdown
LZA(LL) Interface Low Interface Level shutdown (upstream of the weir)
LA(L) Interface Low Interface Level alarm (upstream of the weir)
LA(H) Interface High Interface Level alarm (upstream of the weir)

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SYRIA
The oil compartment low level shutdown LZA(LL) downstream of the weir shall be at least 0.15 m above the
vessel bottom. The low interface level shutdown LZA(LL) Interface upstream of the weir shall be at least
0.15 m above the vessel bottom.
Interface level control and alarm settings upstream of the overflowing weir shall be selected such that the
three-phase separator sizing criteria in section 5.3 are achieved.
The high level alarm LA(H) shall be at least 0.3 m above the weir level.
The high level shutdown LZA(HH) shall be at least 0.1 m above the LA(H) level. The volume between the
LA(H) and LZA(HH) levels shall provide at least one minute hold-up time at the maximum design liquid
flowrate Q L,max . If the liquid has a foaming tendency, the distance between LA(H) and LZA(HH) shall be
increased by 0.25 m.
9 OPERATING ENVELOPES
CONTRACTOR shall provide operating envelopes for all gas/liquid separators at the highest and the lowest
specified operating pressure of the separator. These shall be available for COMPANY’s review during the
project’s Basic Design Review. The operating envelopes shall be based on the sizing guidelines in this
technical schedule. The operating envelope is a graphical representation of the capacity of the separator, and
should follow the format of the typical envelope shown in figure 6. The gas and liquid flows used in the
determination of the envelopes shall exclude any design margins.
The drawing Title shall include the Vessel Tag Number and Description, and a description of the operating
pressure and temperature.
The vertical axis (Y-axis) shall be in MMscf/d, and the horizontal axis (X-axis) shall be in actual bbl/d (at
flowing temperature and pressure).
As a minimum, the following lines shall be included in the envelope:
a. The inlet device

b. The gas outlet nozzle capacity
c. The vessel’s gas handling capacity
d. The liquid outlet nozzle capacity (both oil and water for three-phase vessels)
e. The liquid hold-up capacity between the LA(L) and LA(H) levels at the
specified control time (normally 3 minutes)
The design operating range shall be shaded.
The actual LZA(LL), LA(L), NLL, LA(H) and LZA(HH) liquid levels shall be indicated on the drawing.
For three-phase vessels, the equivalent interface levels shall also be indicated.

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10 INSPECTION AND TESTING
10.1 The responsibility for quality control and inspection rests with CONTRACTOR, however COMPANY may
inspect the materials, fabrication, assembly, coating and testing of the equipment during all phases of the
work.
10.2 CONTRACTOR shall submit a Quality Control Inspection and Test Plan to COMPANY for approval
identifying all COMPANY, CONTRACTOR and Subvendor inspections throughout all phases of the work.
10.3 CONTRACTOR shall permit COMPANY’s INSPECTOR to have unrestricted access to all areas of
CONTRACTOR’s facilities (including subcontractor's facilities) where any phase of the work covered by
this specification is being performed.
10.4 CONTRACTOR shall refer all questions relating to quality control, testing, and acceptance of the work to
INSPECTOR.
11 DATA REQUIREMENTS
11.1 All data, drawings, data sheets etc. shall be in SI units unless otherwise specified by the COMPANY.
11.2 Final Documentation shall be transmitted to COMPANY in accordance with the requirements of the RFQ,
and shall contain the following as a minimum:
Construction Drawings.
ASME code compliance documents, including calculations, material certificates test

records, and nameplate rubbing.
Installation, Operation and Maintenance Procedures.
Precommissioning/Commissioning Manual.
Recommended Commissioning, Initial and Normal Operating Spares Parts List.
As- Built Drawings.
11.3 The information shall be submitted by the equipment vendors/subvendors to CONTRACTOR. Review
copies shall be made available to COMPANY immediately upon issue. CONTRACTOR however remains
responsible for document completeness and correctness and shall review the documentation independent
from review by COMPANY. CONTRACTOR shall compile the data on a package basis for insertion into
the Manufacturer's Data Books.
11.4 CONTRACTOR shall supply the numbers of prints and reproducible sepias as specified in the RFQ. Prints
of construction drawings shall be submitted for COMPANY review before beginning fabrication.
COMPANY’s review and/or approval of these documents shall not be considered as approval to deviate from
the requirements of this specification unless those deviations are specifically approved in writing by
COMPANY.
11.5 Fabrication/assembly shall not begin until design drawings have been submitted to and reviewed by the
COMPANY.

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Rev 01
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STANDARD SPECIFICATION SHEET
OIL & GAS SEPARATORS
AL FURAT PETROLEUM COMPANY
SERVICE LOCATION:
VESSEL DESIGNATION:
TAG NUMBER:
REFERENCE VESSEL DRAWING #:
DESIGN DATA
Vessel Type (Horizontal/Vertical):
Vessel Service (2-phase/3-phase):
Design Pressure: barg
Design Temperature: °C
Operating Pressure: barg
Operating Temperature: °C
Gas Flowrate Or GOR:
Gas Specific Gravity:
Oil Flowrate: m3/s
Water Flowrate: m3/s
Oil Viscosity @ Oper. Temp: cP
Oil Specific Gravity @ Oper. Temp:
Water Specific Gravity @ Oper. Temp:
Special Considerations : (foaming, paraffin, slugging, wave motion, etc.)

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Figure 1: Vertical Knock-out Vessel

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Figure 2: Vertical Demisting Vessel

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Figure 3: Horizontal Knock-out Vessel

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SYRIA
Figure 4: Horizontal Demisting Vessel

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Figure 5: SMS Separator

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Figure 6: Typical Operating Envelope

SYRIA
V-ABC IP Separator Operating Envelope
Page 33 of 33
(@ 80 °C and 200 psig: High Pressure Case)
80
Inlet Schoepentoeter Gas Capacity

3" Control
Liquid Outlet Nozzle @ LZA(HH)
Time
60
40
Gas Outlet
Nozzle
Gas Rate (MMscf/d)

20
0
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000
Gross Liquid Rate (bbl/d) LZA(HH) 1500 mm / 0.50 ID
LA(H) 1350 mm / 0.45 ID

Operating Envelope NLL 1050 mm / 0.35 ID
LA(L) 600 mm / 0.20 ID
LZA(LL)
300 mm / 0.10 ID
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Rev 01
December 1996

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Engineering Schedule

Reason for Revision: General Revision of Sizing Guidelines

Printed: 10 November, 1996 Page 2 of 33

1 SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS

2 APPLICABLE CODES AND REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS

4 TWO PHASE SEPARATORS

5 HORIZONTAL THREE PHASE SEPARATORS

8 LEVEL CONTROLS, ALARMS AND SHUTDOWNS

10 INSPECTION AND TESTING

Page 3 of 33 December 1996

USER FEEDBACK PAGE

To : TES (Chairman of the Discipline Standard Committee)

A - Description of discrepancy detected.

Page 4 of 33 December 1996

1 SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS

1.2 Within this specification the following definitions shall apply:

COMPANY: AL FURAT PETROLEUM COMPANY or a designated

CONTRACTOR: The Contractor, Vendor or Manufacturer selected by

INSPECTOR: The individual(s) designated by COMPANY to act on

RFQ: COMPANY's Request For Quotation forming part of a

SHALL: The word SHALL is to be understood as mandatory in

SHOULD: The word SHOULD is to be understood as strongly

Page 5 of 33 December 1996

1.3 Symbols and Abbreviations

 Dynamic Viscosity Pa.s

1 Related to Feed Inlet

Page 6 of 33 December 1996

2 APPLICABLE CODES AND REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS

Page 7 of 33 December 1996

Page 8 of 33 December 1996

4 TWO PHASE SEPARATORS

Page 9 of 33 December 1996

Page 10 of 33 December 1996

4.1 Vertical Knockout Separators

The vessel diameter D shall satisfy the following criteria:

1) The Gas Handling Criterion:

2) If liquid de-gassing is required:

Liquid level requirements are described in section 8.

The total vessel height (tangent to tangent) is given by:

h = height required for liquid hold-up (section 8)

The vessel diameter D shall satisfy the following criteria:

1) The Gas Handling Criterion:

Page 12 of 33 December 1996

 wm  0.05  feed for vessels with a Schoepentoeter

2) If liquid de-gassing is required:

Liquid level requirements are described in section 8.

The total vessel height (tangent to tangent) is given by:

h = height required for liquid hold-up (section 8)

and either (with a Schoepentoeter)

X1 = 0.05 D with a minimum of 0.15 m

or (with a half-open pipe inlet device)

X1 = 0.3 D with a minimum of 0.3 m

d1 = internal diameter of the feed nozzle

4.3 Horizontal Knockout Separators

1) Vertical Cross-sectional Area for Gas Flow:

where A G,min is taken as the vessel’s cross-sectional

2) If liquid de-gassing is required:

Liquid level requirements are described in section 8.

Page 14 of 33 December 1996