K…wl A_©bxwZ BDwbU

17
f‚wgKv
K…wli Dbœqb gv‡b A_©bxwZi Dbœqb| K…wl A_©bxwZi g~j ˆewkó n‡”Q K…wli mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ K…wl cY¨ Drcv`b
cÖ‡qvM, e›Ub, cÖwµqvRvZKiY, evRviRvZKiY I †fvM| K…wl A_©bxwZ †Kej K…wl Lv‡Zi mgm¨v¸‡jv‡K we‡kølY
K‡i bv †mB mv‡_ K…wl Drcv`b I Avq e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ h‡_vchy³ Kg©c×wZi Bw½Z †`q| Avevi Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbv nj
Ggb GKwU weÁvb hv avivevwnKfv‡e me©”P gybvdv jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ Lvgv‡i dmj ev cY¨ mvgMÖx Drcv`‡bi
mvsMVwbK I e¨e¯’vcbvMZ w`K Av‡jvPbv K‡i| mwVKfv‡e dmj djv‡bvi Rb¨ km¨ cwiKíbv, cwÄKv, AveZ©b ev
Pµ|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 02 mßvn

GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV - 17.1 : K…wl A_©bxwZ
cvV - 17.2 : Lvgvi I LvgviKiY
cvV - 17.3 : Lvgv‡ii Kvh©vejx, e¨e¯’vcbv I cwiPvjbv
cvV - 17.4 : Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi cwiKíbv
cvV - 17.5 : km¨ cwiKíbv, km¨ cwÄKv I km¨ AveZ©b
cvV - 17.6 : dmj web¨vm
I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-17.1 K…wl A_©bxwZ

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 K…wl A_©bxwZi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z K…wli ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã K…wl A_©bxwZ, Drcv`b, Kg©ms¯’vb, †hvMvb

K…wl A_©bxwZ
gvbyl Zv‡`i AmsL¨ Afve I jÿ¨¸‡jv‡K m¤ú` ev DcKiY¸‡jv Øviv Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi ev me©vwaK Z…wß
jv‡fi †Póv K‡i Zvi weÁvbm¤§Z m¤§Z Av‡jvPbvB n‡”Q A_©bxwZ kv‡¯¿i g~j welqe¯Íy| K…wl A_©bxwZ `ywU k‡ãi
mgwš^Z iƒc| GwU †hgb K…wl wkÿvi GKwU Ask Avevi A_©bxwZi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³| K…wli Drcv`b,
cÖwµqvRvZKiY, msiÿY I e›Ub mewKQyi mv‡_ A_©‰bwZK m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| ZvB A_©bxwZi †h kvLvq K…wli hveZxq
Kg©Kv‡Û †hgb: K…wli c‡Y¨i Drcv`b, evRviRvZ KiY, jvf †jvKmvb I †fv³v‡`i gva¨‡g cY¨ weZib BZ¨vw`
wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq Zv‡K K…wl A_©bxwZ e‡j| K…wli Dbœqb gv‡bi A_©bxwZi Dbœqb| Aa¨vcK Gj wm †MÖ- Gi
g‡Z K…wl A_©bxwZ n‡jv Ggb GKwU weÁvb †hLv‡b K…wl wk‡íi we‡kl Ae¯’vmg~‡ni Av‡jv‡K A_©bxwZi wewfbœ bxwZ
I c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| Ab¨w`‡K cÖ‡dmi nvevW© (Habard) Gi g‡Z K…wl A_©bxwZ K…wl Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ gvby‡li
m¤ú` AvniY I m¤ú‡`i e¨envi msµvšÍ wewfbœ Kvh©Kjvc wb‡q Av‡jvPvbv K‡i|

K…wl A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~n nj-

1| K…wl cY¨ Drcv`b 2| K…wl cY¨ cÖwµqvRvZKiY I msiÿY 3| K…wl cY¨ wecYb| 4| K…wl g~jab 5| K…wl‡Z
SzuwK I AwbðqZv 6| K…wlLv‡Z miKvwi bxwZmg~n|
Zvn‡j me‡k‡l g~jK_v nj K…wl m¤úwK©Z A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vmgy‡ni mbv³KiY, mgvavb, wb‡`©kbv I eY©bv m¤ú‡K©
cwic~Y© ÁvbB nj K…wl A_©bxwZ|
K…wl A_©bxwZi g~j ˆewkó n‡”Q K…wli mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z K…wlcY¨ Drcv`b, cÖ‡qvM, e›Ub, cÖwµqvRvZKiY, ¸`vgRvZKiY,
evRviRvZKiY I †fvM| evsjv‡`k K…wli Dci wbf©ikxj RvZxq Av‡qi 20% Av‡m K…wl †_‡K| K…wl A_©bxwZ
GKwU †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q|
RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z K…wli Ae`vb
GK mgq K…wl ej‡Z Rwg Pvl K‡i dmj Drcv`b‡K eySvq| eZ©gv‡b AvaywbK K…wl e¨vcK A‡_© eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Gi
g‡a¨ km¨ I Gi DcLvZ mg~n †hgb grm¨ Pvl, Mevw` cï I nuvm gyiMx cvjb, `y» Drcv`b, ebvqb I e„ÿ †ivcY,
†ikg Pvl, †gŠgvwQ cvjb I gay Drcv`b, mewR I dzj Pvl| ZvB K…wl GKwU MwZkxj A_©‰bwZK I e¨emvwqK
Kg©KvÛI ejv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi kZKiv 75 fvM †jvK MÖv‡g emevm K‡i hviv cÖZ¨ÿ I
c‡ivÿfv‡e K…wli Dci wbf©ikxj| K…wl RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q Zv ms‡ÿ‡c D‡jøL Kiv nj-
1| K…wl Lv‡`¨i †hvMvb †`q : K…wl †`‡ki wekvj Rb‡Mvôxi mKj Lv‡`¨i †RvMvb †`q| †hgb: Pvj, Mg, gvQ,
gvsm, `ya I wWg| K…wl ïay Gme Lv‡`¨i †hvMvb w`‡q cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e euvwP‡q ivL‡Q Zv bq cywó wbivcËvmn
Kg©ÿgZv I kÖgkw³I wUwK‡q ivL‡Q|
2| K…wl wk‡íi KuvPvgv‡ji †hvMvb †`q : K…wl Drcv`‡bi KuvPvgvj †hgb- cvU, Zzjv, Pvgov, KvV, †ikg BZ¨vw`
mieivn K‡i| K…wl I wkí GKB myZvq Muv_v| A_©vr K…wl Dbœq‡bi eûjvs‡k GKwU †`‡ki wkívqb wbf©i K‡i|

c„ôv-278 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wlwkÿv 2q cÎ BDwbU 17

3| K…wl Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡i : K…wl Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Ab¨Zg Drm| Avgv‡`i †`‡k †gvU RbmsL¨vi weivU Ask
K…wl Kv‡Ri mv‡_ RwoZ| GQvovI K…wlRvZ c‡Y¨i wkí cÖwZôvb M‡o DVvq A‡bK †jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó
n‡q‡Q I n‡”Q|
4| K…wl wewb‡qv‡M †hvMvb †bq : K…wl Lv‡Z Avq Ab¨vb¨ wewb‡qv‡M †hvMvb †`q| f‚wg, ivR¯^, K…wl-Ki e¨e¯’v, K…wl
wkí cÖwZôvb BZ¨vw` †_‡K Avq Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡Z wewb‡qvM nq| K…wli mvd‡j¨i DciI GKwU †`‡ki ev‡RU wbf©i K‡i|
5| K…wl LvZ- wkí cY¨ mvgMÖxi evRvi Pvwn`v e„w× K‡i : K…wl Lv‡Z wbqwRZ RbMY wewfbœ wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨
µq K‡i †hgb- †cvkvK, AvmevecÎ, ˆZRmcÎ, mvi, KxUbvkK, hš¿cvwZ µq K‡i| d‡ji wkí cY¨ mvgMÖxi
Drcv`b †e‡o hvq| K…lKiv wewfbœ cY¨ µ‡qi gva¨‡g evRvi m¤úªmvwiZ K‡i hv c‡ivÿfv‡e A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b
mnvqZv K‡i|
6| K…wl ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b K‡i : K…wl cY¨ †hgb: cvU, Pv, Zzjv, Pv, wPswo gvQ BZ¨vw` ißvwb K‡i cÖPzi ˆe‡`wkK
gy`ªv AR©b Kiv hvq|
7| K…wl RvZxq Avq e„wׇZ mnvqZv K‡i : evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Av‡qi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ask Av‡m K…wl LvZ †_‡K|
K…wl‡Z AviI wewb‡qvM evov‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j I K…wlRvZ cY¨ RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z Ae`vb ivL‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e|
K…wl A_©bxwZi cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv:
K…wl A_©bxwZ cv‡Vi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q, A_©bxwZi ZË¡ I c×wZ¸‡jv e¨envi K‡i K…wl Lv‡Z †hgb- A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v
Gi weÁvb m¤§Z we‡kølY I mgvavb Kiv| K…wl A_©bxwZ cvV Ki‡j K…wlR Drcv`‡bi jvfÿwZ, Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbv,
g~j¨ I wecYb, K…wl FY fZ‚wK©, e›Ub, K…wl mgevq I msMVb m¤ú‡K© cÖv‡qvwMK welq¸‡jv Rvbv hvq| ZvB K…wl
A_©bxwZ cvV †Kej K…wl Lv‡Zi mgm¨v¸‡jv‡K we‡kølY K‡i bv †mB mv‡_ K…wl Drcv`b I Avq e„w×i j‡ÿ¨
h‡_vchy³ Kg©c×wZi Bw½Z †`q|
wkÿv_©xi KvR K…wl A_©bxwZi aviYv I cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

mvims‡ÿc
K…wl m¤úwK©Z hveZxq Kg©KvÛ †hgb: K…wlR Drcv`b, jvf †jvKmvb, e›Ub I wecYb wb‡q K…wl A_©bxwZ
Av‡jvPbv K‡i| K…wl RvZxq A_©ibxwZ‡Z wewfbœ f‡e Ae`vb ivL‡Q, †hgb: Lv‡`¨i †hvMvb w`‡q wk‡íi
KvPvgv‡ji †hvMvb w`‡q Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó K‡ib, ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b K‡i| K…wl A_©bxwZ cvV ïay K…wl
Lv‡Zi mgm¨v¸‡jv‡K we‡kølY K‡i bv mv‡_ mv‡_ K…wl Drcv`b I Avq e„w× j‡ÿ¨ h‡_vchy³ Kg©c×wZ Bw½Z †`q|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-17.1
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| K…wl A_©bxwZi g~j K_v n‡jv-
K) K…wl m¤úwK©Z A_©‰bwZK mgvavb L) A_©bxwZi Z_¨ cÖ`vb
M) K…wlRvZ cY¨ Drcv`b N) Lv‡`¨i †hvMvb|
2| K…wl A_©bxwZ cvV-
i) Drcv`b I Avq e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ h‡_vchy³ Kg©c×wZi Bw½Z †`q|
ii) Drcv`b, e›Ub, wecYb I †fvM wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i|
iii) Lvgv‡i e¨e¯’vcbv, K…wl FY, mgevq I msMVb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i|
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

K…wl A_©bxwZ c„ôv-279

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-17.2 Lvgvi I Lvgvi KiY

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 Lvgvi I LvgviKiY wK Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
 K…wl Lvgvi I Lvgv‡ii cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbvi aviYv, D‡Ïk¨ I bxwZgvjv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã Lvgvi, K…wl Lvgvi, LgviKiY, e¨e¯’vcbv

Lvgvi
Lvgvi n‡”Q K…wl Drcv`‡bi GKwU BDwbU| Lvgvi ej‡Z- Ggb f‚LÛ ev Rwg †hLv‡b e¨w³ ev †hŠ_ e¨e¯’vcbvq
wewfbœ K…wl cY¨ Drcv`b KvR cwiPvwjZ nq| †hgb: dmj, Mevw` cï, nuvm-gyiMx, gvQmn wewfbœ K…wl Drcv`b
Kivi ¯’vb| Lvgv‡ii Rwg n‡Z cv‡i wbR¯^ gvwjKvbvaxb ev eM©v ev eÜKx Lvgv‡i e¨eüZ kÖwgK n‡Z cv‡i
cvwievwiK kÖwgK ev †Kbv kÖwgK| Lvgv‡ii A‡_©i Drm n‡Z cv‡i - 1| cvwievwiK Drm, 2| e¨vsK, 3| Ab¨ Drm|
K…wl Lvgvi
myô e¨e¯’vcbv I mgš^q mva‡bi gva¨‡g wewfbœ K…wlR
Drcv`b e¨e¯’vi GKwU Dcv`vb n‡jv K…wl Lvgvi|
Gme Lvgvi Drcv`‡bi g‡a¨ mxgve× _v‡K| †hgb:
dmj Drcv`b Ki‡j dmj Lvgvi, nuvm-gyiMx I
Mevw` cï Drcv`b Ki‡j nuvm-gyiMx I Mevw`cï
Lvgvi e‡j| K…wl Lvgvi nj K…wlR Drcv`‡bi GKwU
cÖwZôvb|
wPÎ 17.2.1 : km¨ Lvgvi
GKwU Av`k© K…wl Lvgv‡ii ˆewkó¨
1| Av`k© Lvgvi Ggb n‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b Drcv`‡bi myô
cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j GKK AvqZ‡b me©vwaK djb cvIqv
hv‡e Ges Drcvw`Z Avq n‡Z K…lK I Zvi cwievi
†gvUvgywU m”Qj I m‡šÍvlRbfv‡e RxweKv wbe©vn
K‡i| Av`k© Lvgv‡ii AvqZb wewfbœ n‡Z cv‡i|
Z‡e evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ 3-4 GKi Rwg GKwU Av`k©
Lvgvi|
GKwU Av`k© K…wl Lvgv‡i wb¤œewY©Z ˆewkó¨ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb-
1| K…wl Lvgv‡ii Kvh©µg myôfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq g~jab _vK‡Z n‡e| wPÎ 17.2.2 : †cvwëª Lvgvi|
2| K…wl Lvgv‡ii cY¨ cwienb, Drcv`‡bi DcKviYvw` I
evRviRvZKiY hv‡Z mn‡R Kiv hvq †m Rb¨ eo iv¯Ívi cv‡k I j Nv‡Ui wbK‡U n‡Z n‡e|
3| Av`k© K…wl Lvgv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ _vK‡e|
4| Lvgvi cY¨ cwien‡bi Rb¨ hvbevnb _vK‡e| Lvgv‡ii mv‡_ DbœZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v _vK‡e|
5| AwaK I wbiew”Qbœfv‡e gybvdv AR©‡bi Rb¨ Lvgv‡ii Kvh©µg `ÿfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡e|

c„ôv-280 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wlwkÿv 2q cÎ BDwbU 17

Lvgv‡ii †kÖwY wefvM

†Kvb wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b myô e¨e¯’vcbvi AvIZvq Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ
DcKiYvw` e¨envi K‡i cY¨ mvgMÖx Drcv`b Lvgvi e‡j|
wewfbœ welq we‡ePbv K‡i Lvgvi †kÖwY wefvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
1| K…wli wewfbœ Lv‡Zi Dci wfwË K‡i-
K) dmj Lvgvi : Lvgv‡i GKK ev wgkªfv‡e GKvwaK gvV ev
D`¨vbZvwË¡K dmj Avev` Kiv nq hv †_‡K Kvw•LZ dmj
ev exR cvIqv hvq|
L) †cvwëª Lvgvi : hLb Lvgv‡i ‡Kvb cvwL RvZxq cÖvwY †hgb:
nuvm, gyiMx, †Kv‡qj, KeyZi BZ¨vw` gvsm ev wW‡gi Rb¨
cvjb Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K cï-cvwL Lvgvi ejv nq| wPÎ 17.2.3 : Mevw` cï Lvgvi
M) Mevw` cïi Lvgvi : M„ncvwjZ Mevw` cïi g‡a¨ Miæ,
QvMj, gwnl I †fov Ab¨Zg|

N) grm¨ Lvgvi : cwiKwíZ fv‡e AvaywbK cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g wewfbœ cÖRvwZi gvQ GKK ev wgkÖ fv‡e Pvl Kiv nq
Zv‡K grm¨ Lvgvi Kiv hvq| Lvgv‡i ïay gv‡Qi †cvbv Drcv`b Kiv n‡j ZLb Zv‡K n¨vPvix e‡j|
O) `y» Lvgvi : emZevwoi DuPz ¯’v‡b cvwievwiK `y» Lvgv‡ii DbœZ Rv‡Zi Mvfx cvjb Kiv hvq|
P) bvm©vix : eb bvm©vix wewfbœ dzj, dj I ebR Mv‡Qi Pviv Drcv`b Kiv nq|

AvKvi / AvqZ‡bi w`K †_‡K

K) cvwievwiK Lvgvi (Subsistence farm)
GB Lvgvi †_‡K Drcvw`Z cY¨ wb‡R Ges Zvi cwievi †gvUvgywU m‡šÍvlRbKfv‡e Rxeb wbe©vn K‡iZ cv‡i|
G‡Z g~jab wewb‡qvM Kg nq Ges SzuwK m¤¢vebv †bB|
L) evwYwR¨K Lvgvi (Commercial farm)
GB Lvgv‡ii g~j jÿ¨ n‡jv gybvdv AR©b Kiv| e„nr cwim‡i Lvgv‡ii hLb wbw`©ó wKQy cY¨ Drcbœ Kiv nq hv
wewµ ev ißvbx K‡i AwaK gybvdv AR©b Kiv hvq|

c‡Y¨i Drcv`b Abymv‡i

1| wgkÖ Lvgvi (Mixed on Diversified Farm): GKwU Lvgv‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi cY¨ Drcv`b Kiv nq|
2| we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi : GKwU gvÎ ev GKB ai‡bi cY¨ Drcv`b K‡i| †hgb: wPswoi Lvgvi, Pv evMvb BZ¨vw`|

gvwjKvbv wfwˇZ Lvgvi

K) e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb Lvgvi: GKRb gvwj‡Ki ZË¡feav‡b Lvgv‡ii e¨e¯’vcbvmn hveZxq Kvh©vejx cwiPvwjZ nq|
L) †hŠ_ Lvgvi: GjvKvi K‡qKRb K…lK GKwÎZ n‡q †hŠ_fv‡e Lvgvi cwiPvwjZ K‡i|
M) ivóªxq Lvgvi: G ai‡bi Lvgvi cy‡ivcywi ivóªxq gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ nq|
Lvgvi KiY
Lvgv‡i dmj, Mevw` cï, grm¨ cÖf…wZi †h †KvbwU A_ev wgkÖfv‡e GKvwaK Drcv`‡bi Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv‡K
LvgviKiY eySvq| Lvgvi GKRb ev GKvwaK K…l‡Ki myMwVZ Drcv`bgyLx| e¨e¯’vcbv †hLv‡b cÖwZwU c‡Y¨i
A_©‰bwZK Drcv`b cÖwµqv P‡j hv cÖvK…wZK I Av_©mvgvwRK cwi‡ek Øviv cÖfvweZ nq| ZvB LvgviKiY ev dvwg©s
nj GK ai‡bi Drcv`b gyLx cÖwZôvb †hLv‡b f‚wg, KlK, g~jab, msMVb BZ¨vw`i Dchy³ e¨en‡ii gva¨‡g Lv`¨ I
Ab¨vb¨ Avek¨Kxq cY¨ `ªe¨ Drcv`b Kiv nq| Lvgvi Ki‡Yi g~j D‡Ïk¨ njÑ

K…wl A_©bxwZ c„ôv-281

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

1| cwiKwíZfv‡e dmj Drcv`b|

2| mxwgZ m¤ú‡`i m‡e©v”P e¨envi wbwðZKiY|
3| Lvgv‡ii ¯’vqxZ¡ e„w×|
4| gvbm¤úbœ AwaK dmj Drcv`b|
5| AwaK gybvdv jvf|
K…wl Lvgv‡ii avibv, †kÖwY wefvM Gi Dci Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e I GKwU Kg©cÎ ˆZwi
wkÿv_©xi KvR
Ki‡e|

mvims‡ÿc
Lvgvi n‡”Q K…wl Drcv`‡bi GKwU BDwbU| Lvgv‡i dmj, Mevw`cï, nuvm-gyiwM, gvQ mn wewfbœ K…wlR Drcv`b
Kiv hvq| Lvgvi wewfbœ iKg n‡Z cv‡i| K) cvwievwiK Lvgvi, L) evwYwR¨K Lvgvi| cY¨ Drcv`‡bi wfwˇZ
K) wgkÖ Lvgvi, L) we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi| gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ K) e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb, L) †hŠ_, M) ivóªxq Lvgvi|
LvgviKi‡Yi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q h_vh_ cwiPh©vi gva¨‡‡g Drcv`‡bi cwigvY evwo‡q ch©vß cwiPh©vi d‡j
jvfRbK I ¸YMZ cY¨ Drcv`b|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-17.2
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| Lvgvi n‡”Q-
K) K…wl Drcv`‡bi GKwU BDwbU L) wkí cY¨ Drcv`‡bi GKwU BDwbU|
M) †mevg~jK cY¨ Drcv`‡bi GKwU BDwbU N) evRviRvZKiY cÖwZôvb
2| AvqZ‡bi w`K †_‡K Lvgv‡ii †kÖwYwefvM-
K) wgkÖ Lvgvi I we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi L) cvwievwiK Lvgvi I evwYwR¨K Lvgvi
M) grm¨ Lvgvi I `y» Lvgvi N) e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb I ivóªxq Lvgvi

c„ôv-282 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wlwkÿv 2q cÎ BDwbU 17

cvV-17.3 Lvgv‡ii Kvh©vejx, e¨e¯’vcbv I cwiPvjbv

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 Lvgv‡‡ii Kvh©vejx e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e
 Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbvi msÁv I aviYv m¤ú‡K© AeMZ n‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Lvgvi cwiPvjbv c×wZ eY©bv K‡iZ cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã Kvh©vejx, cwiPvjbv, µg n«vmgvb AvqbxwZ, e¨‡qi bxwZ, cÖwZ¯’vcb bxwZ

Lvgv‡ii Kvh©vejx
Lvgv‡ii AwaK Drcv`bkxj Ki‡Z wbgèewY©Z Kvh© m¤úv`b Ki‡Z nq †hgb-
1| †UKmB I cwi‡ek evÜe DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
2| DcKiY Gi mnR cÖvc¨Zv we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e|
3| †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vcbv DbœZ n‡Z n‡e|
4| Drcv`b DcKiY h‡_vchy³ e¨envi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
5| mwVK mg‡q Drcv`b Kvh© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
6| kÖwg‡Ki mnRjf¨Zv I †hvMvb wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
7| Lvgvi‡K jvfRbK Ki‡Z AvaywbK cÖhyw³ I Dbœqb
8| Drcvw`Z cY¨ h_vmg‡q Drcv`b, cÖwµqvRvZKiY I evRviRvZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbv
Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbvi mv‡_ jvf †jvKmv‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ wm×všÍ¸‡jvB weÁv‡bi Av‡jvP¨ welq| GKwU Lvgvi
mvaviYZ: K) Rwg, L) kÖg, M) g~jab, N) hš¿cvwZ wb‡q MwVZ| G¨vÛy e‡mi msÁvbymv‡i, Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbv n‡jv
ÒLvgv‡ii Drcv`b msMVb I mswkøó cwiPvjbv Kv‡R e¨emvwqK I ˆeÁvwbK bxwZgvjvi cÖ‡qvM| wR.Gd. Iqv‡ib
Gi g‡Z Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbv n‡”Q Ggb GKwU weÁvb hv avivevwnKfv‡e m‡e©v”P gybvdv jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ Lvgv‡ii wewfbœ
dmj ev cY¨ mvgMÖx Drcv`‡bi mvsMVwbK I e¨e¯’vcbvMZ w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i _v‡K|
Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbvi D‡Ïk¨
Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbvi g~j D‡Ïk¨ nj ˆeÁvwbK Dcv‡q Rwg, kÖg, cyuwR I hš¿cvwZ e¨envi K‡i Drcv`b I gybvdv
e„w×KiY| Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbvi D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv n‡Z cv‡i-
 ¯^í Li‡P Drcv`b evov‡bv
 Li‡Pi mv‡_ gybvdv me©vwaK Kiv
 wewfbœ ai‡bi Drcv`b SzuwK Kwg‡q Avbv
 cvwievwiK m”QjZvi Rb¨ cY¨ mvgMÖx Drcv`b Kiv|
 cÖvK…wZK Dr‡mi ev m¤ú‡`i m‡e©v”P e¨envi Kiv|
Lvgvi cwiPvjbv (Farm Management)
Lvgvi cwiPvjbv ej‡Z Drcv`‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY msMÖn Kiv Ges Lvgv‡ii wewfbœ Kvh©vejx myôz cwiKíbvi
gva¨‡g m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ Dcv`vbmg~‡ni mgš^q mvab Kiv‡K eySvq| Lvgvi cwiPvjbvi bxwZgvjv¸‡jv wb‡¤œ ewY©Z
n‡jv-
1| µgn«vmgvb AvqbxwZ (Law of diminishing)
2| e¨q bxwZ (Expenditure Principle)

K…wl A_©bxwZ c„ôv-283

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

3| cÖwZ¯’vcb bxwZ (Principle of substitution)

1| µgn«vmgvb Avq bxwZ: Drcv`‡bi mKj Dcv`vb Gi cwigvb AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L ïay †Kej Dcv`v‡bi cwigvb
evov‡bv nq| cÖ_‡g Dcv`vb e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Drcv`b e„w× cv‡e, wKš‘ GKwU wbw`©ó e„w×i ci cÖ_‡g cÖvwšÍK
Drcv`b Ges c‡i Mo Drcv`b n«vm †c‡Z _vK‡e| GUvB µgn«vmgvb Avq bxwZ| Gi DrK…ó D`vniY n‡Z cv‡i
Rwg‡Z ivmvqwbK mv‡ii e¨venvi| Rwg‡Z AwZwi³ dmj Drcv`b †Kvb wbw`©ó Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq †ewk
ivmvqwbK mvi e¨envi Ki‡j djb e„w× cv‡e| GKwU wbw`©ó mxgv ch©šÍ ivmvqwbK mv‡ii e¨envi dm‡ji Drcv`b
e„w× Kiv †M‡jI c‡i Avi djb e„w× cvq bv|
2| e¨q bxwZ: Lvgv‡ii Drcv`‡bi jvf †jvKmvb wba©vi‡b G bxwZ e¨envi Kiv nq Drcv`‡b `yB ai‡bi LiP nq|
w¯’i LiP †hgb Kg©Pvixi †eZb, Lvgvi wbg©vb e¨q, Rwgi LvRbv| A¯’vqx ev cwieZ©bkxj LiP Drcv`‡bi mv‡_
DVvbvgv K‡i| †gvU Drcv`b LiP hw` Drcv`b Av‡qi †P‡q Kg nq| Z‡e Lvgv‡i Av‡iv g~jab wewb‡qvM Kiv hv‡e
ZZÿb g~jab e¨envi Kiv hv‡e hZÿb ch©šÍ †gvU Drcv`b Avq I cwieZ©b e¨q mgvb bv nq|
3| cÖwZ¯’vcb bxwZ: cÖwZ¯’vcb bxwZ Øviv †Kvb dmj jvfRbK Zv wba©viY Kiv hvq| G bxwZ e¨envi K‡i Kg
jvfRbK dm‡ji Drcv`b eÜ †i‡L Ab¨ jvfRbK dmj Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e| G bxwZ 2wU wel‡qi Dci wbf©i K‡i
cÖwZ¯’vwcZ dm‡ji djb
cÖwZ¯’vcb AbycvZ= PvlK…Z dm‡ji djb
PvlK…Z dm‡ji GKK cwigv‡bi g~j¨
g~j¨ AbycvZ= cÖwZ¯’vwcZ dm‡ji GKK cwigv‡bi g~j¨

D`vniY wnmv‡e AvDk av‡bi evRvi`i K‡g hvIqvq Lvgvix hw` †m Rwg‡Z cvU jvMv‡bvi B‡”Q K‡ib, G‡ÿ‡Î
AvDk avb cÖwZ¯’vwcZ dmj Ges Avjy n‡jv PvlK…Z dmj| hw` cÖwZ¯’vcb AbycvZ g~j¨ Abycv‡Zi †P‡q †QvU nq
Z‡e dmj cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr AvDk av‡bi e`‡j Avjy Pvl Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi cÖwZ¯’vcb AbycvZ g~j¨
Abycv‡Zi †P‡q eo nq Z‡e dmj cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv hv‡e bv| ZLb Avjy jvMv‡bv hv‡e bv|

wkÿv_©xi KvR Lvgvi cwiPvjbvi bxwZ¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

mvims‡ÿc
Lvgvi‡K AwaK Drcv`bkxj Ki‡Z mnRjf¨, †UKmB I cwi‡ekevÜe DcKiY Gi e¨envi mwVK mg‡q Drcv`b
KvR cwiPvjbv Drcvw`Z cY¨ cÖwµqvRvZKiY I evRviRvZKiY Ki‡Z n‡e| Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbv nj Lvgv‡ii
Drcv`b msMVb I mswkøó cwiPvjbv Kv‡R e¨emvwqK I ˆeÁvwbK bxwZgvjvi cÖ‡qvM| mxwgZ DcKiYmg~n †hgb-
Rwg, kÖg, cuywR I hš¿cvwZ Gm‡ei h_vh_ e¨envi K‡i †gvU Drcv`b ev gybvdv e„w× Kiv hvq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-17.3
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbvq jÿ¨ n‡”Q-
K) bZzb bZzb dmj Drcv`b Kiv L) dm‡ji mv‡_ nuvm-gyiMx, gvQ I kvK mewR Pvl Kiv
M) bZzb cÖhyw³ D™¢veb Kiv N) Lvgv‡‡ii gybvdv me©vwaK Kiv|
2| Lvgv‡ii Drcv`‡b Kq ai‡bi LiP nq-
K) `yB ai‡bi L) wZb ai‡bi
M) Pvi ai‡bi N) cuvP ai‡bi|

c„ôv-284 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wlwkÿv 2q cÎ BDwbU 17

cvV-17.4 Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi cwiKíbv

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi we‡eP¨ welqvw` D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 Lvgvi cwiKíbvi avc mg~n m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 gvV I D`¨vb dm‡ji Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi cwiKíbv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã Lvgvi ¯’vcb, Lvgvi cwiKíbv, ev‡RU, f‚ZvwË¡K welq|

Lvgvi cwiKíbv
Lvgvi cwiKíbv n‡”Q GKwU cwieZ©bkxj, wµqv hvi gva¨‡g K…wl c‡Y¨i g‡a¨ †KvbwUi Drcv`b jvfRbK †m
m¤ú‡K© wm×všÍ MÖnY I Zvi ev¯Íevqb Kiv| Lvgvi cwiKíbvi A_© n‡”Q K…l‡Ki m¤¢ve¨ weKí¸‡jvi †_‡K
A_©‰bwZKfv‡e me‡P‡q jvfRbK dmj, cY¨ ev DcKiY †e‡Q †bqv I ev¯ÍeZv cÖ‡qvM Kiv|
Lvgvi cwiKíbvi avcmg~n
1| Lvgv‡ii mnR cwiKíbv cÖYqb| †hgb: dmj wbe©vPb, Rwg wbe©vPb, DcKiY BZ¨vw`|
2| dmj I K…wl cb¨ Drcv`‡bi mKj DbœZ cÖhyw³ I c×wZmg~n cÖ‡qvM|
3| GKwU c~Y©v½ ev‡RU| A_©vr Lvgv‡ii mKj dmj I cY¨ `ª‡e¨i m¤¢ve¨ Avq e¨q wbiƒcY Kiv|
Lvgvi ¯’vcb
Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ †hme welq we‡ePbv †bqv cÖ‡qvRb †m¸‡jv n‡jv-
K) Lvgvi gvwjK ev cwiPvj‡Ki e¨w³MZ ˆewkó¨mg~n †hgb- wkÿv I AwfÁZv, eqm, ¯^v¯’, iæwP I Pvwn`v|
L) f~ZvwË¡K welqmgyn, †hgb- gvwUi aib, AvenvIqv I Rjevqy, f~wgi D”PZv|
M) A_©‰bwZK welqmg~n, †hgb- DbœZ cÖhyw³i cÖvc¨Zv, DcKiY mieivn I `vb, Fb cÖvc¨Zv, kÖwgK mnRjf¨Zv,
Rwgi g~j¨ Drcvw`Z c‡b¨i cwienb, evRviRvZKib I `vg|
gvV I D`¨vb dm‡ji Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi cwiKíbv
mxwgZ e¨‡q ¯^í kÖ‡g AwaK gybvdv I jvfRbK Lvgv‡i cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ GKwU Lvgvi ¯’vcb cwiKíbv cÖ‡qvRb|
gvV I D`¨vb dm‡ji Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi cwiKíbvi Rb¨ †hme welq we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z n‡e †m¸‡jv nj:
f~ZvwˡK welqmg~n
1| Lvgv‡ii Ae¯’vb: mvaviYZ kn‡i I e›`‡ii Av‡kcv‡k M‡o D‡V| Lvgv‡ii Pvicv‡k iv¯ÍvNvU, emZevwo, cvwb
Drm, †mP I wb¯‹vk‡bi e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
2| gvwUi aib: De©i mywb¯‹vwkZ gvwU dmj I D`¨vb Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx|
3| AvenvIqv I Rjevqy: AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi Dci wbf©i K‡i G‡KK A‡ji G‡KK ai‡bi K…wl Lvgvi M‡o
DV‡Q|
4| f~wgi D”PZv: DuPz Rwg‡Z †hLv‡b eb¨vi cvwb D‡V bv †hLv‡b D`¨vb dm‡j Lvgvi I bvm©vix ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨
Dc‡hvMx|
A_©‰bwZK welqmg~n:
1| DbœZ cÖhyw³i cÖvc¨Zv: K…wlR `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ AvaywbK cÖhyw³i cÖvc¨Zvi Dci Lvgvi ¯’vcb wbf©i K‡i
wewfbœ dm‡ji DbœZ exR, K…wl hš¿cvwZi cÖvc¨Zv mnRjf¨ n‡Z n‡e|

K…wl A_©bxwZ c„ôv-285

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

2| DcKiY mieivn I `vg: K…wl Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ b¨vh¨g~‡j¨ K…wl DcKiY mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
3| Fb e¨e¯’v: Lvgvi e¨e¯’v SuywKc~Y© weavq K…wl F‡bi f~wgKv Acwimxg| mnRk‡Z© F‡Yi myweav †c‡j Lvgvi
¯’vc‡b AvMÖn m„wó n‡e|
4| Rwgi g~j¨: Rwgi g~j¨ Kg Ges †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v fv‡jv †mLv‡b Lvgvi M‡o †Zvjv DwPZ KviY Lvgv‡ii Rb¨
A‡bK †ewk Rwg cÖ‡qvRb|
5| K…wl c‡b¨i cwienb, wecbb I g~j¨: Drcvw`Z K…wl cY¨ mn‡RB c‡P hvq| cY¨ mvgMÖx mwVK mg‡q cwienb I
wecbb Kiv hvq †h e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| cwi‡e‡k Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi Av‡M D‡`¨v³viv Drcvw`Z cY¨ mvgMÖxi
cwienb, wecbb I b¨vh¨g~j¨ wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
GKwU gvV ev D`¨vb dm‡ji Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi j‡ÿ¨ Kx Kx c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡ev Zvi
wkÿv_©xi KvR
Dci cÖwZ‡e`b wjLyb|

mvims‡ÿc
DbœZ cÖhyw³ D™¢veb I Drcv`‡bi my‡hvM myweav m„wó nIqvq bZzb bZzb Lvgvi ¯’vcb Ki‡Z A‡b‡KB GwM‡q
Avm‡Q| Lvgvi ¯’vc‡b †hme welq we‡ePbvq wb‡Z nq †m¸‡jv nj G Lvgv‡ii Ae¯’vb, gvwUi aib, AvenvIqv I
Rjevqy, f~wgi D”PZ, DbœZ cÖhyw³i cÖvc¨Zv, DcKiY mieivn I `vg, Lbb e¨e¯’v, kÖg, Rwgi g~j¨, c‡Y¨i
cwienb, wecYb I `vg|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-17.4
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| Lvgv‡ii ¯’vc‡bi A_©‰bwZK we‡eP¨ welqmg~n-
i) Rwgi `vg
ii) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb
iii) DcKiY mieivn I `vg
K) i, ii L) ii, iii M) i, iii N) i, ii, iii
2| Lvgvi cwiPvjbvKvix †h me ˆewkó¨ we‡ePbvq wb‡Z nq †m¸‡jv nj-
i) wkÿv
ii) eqm
iii) ¯^v¯’¨
K) i, ii L) ii, iii M) i, iii N) i, ii, iii

c„ôv-286 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wlwkÿv 2q cÎ BDwbU 17

cvV-17.5 km¨ cwiKíbv, km¨ cwÄKv I km¨ AveZ©b

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 km¨ cwiKíbv wK Zvi aviYv cv‡eb|
 km¨ cwiKíbvi A_©‰bwZK welq¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 km¨ cwÄKvi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 km¨ ch©vq e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã km¨ cwiKíbv, km¨ cwÄKv, km¨ AveZ©b

km¨ cwiKíbv
mvdj¨RbKfv‡e dmj Drcv`‡bi c~e©kZ© nj km¨ cwiKíbv| ˆeÁvwbK I mwVKfv‡e km¨ cwiKíbv cÖbqb Ki‡j
dmj Drcv`‡bi aviv eRvq _vK‡e Ges Drcv`b eûjvs‡k †e‡o hv‡e| km¨ cwiKíbv †hgb- cÖvK…wZK wel‡qi
Dci wbf©i K‡i †Zgwb K…l‡Ki cvwievwiK Lv`¨ Pvwn`v, kÖg I cuywRi ms¯’vb, Avw_©K m½wZ BZ¨vw` we‡ePbvq wb‡Z
nq| mvaviYfv‡e km¨ cwiKíbv cÖbq‡bi Rb¨ c~Y©v½ ev AvswkK ev‡RU Ki‡Z n‡e| †hme A_©‰bwZK welq¸‡jv‡K
we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e Zv n‡jv-
K) cvwievwiK Lv`¨ Pvwn`v|
L) K…l‡Ki †gvU Rwgi cwigvb|
M) cvwievwiK kÖ‡gi cwigvb|
N) DcKiY LiP I cuywRi cwigvb|
O) F‡bi ms¯’vb|
P) AvMvg Rv‡Zi dmj|
Q) dmj Pµ AYymiY Kiv|
R) dm‡ji `vg|
S) bM` A‡_©i Pvwn`v|
km¨ cwÄKv
mwVK km¨ wbe©vPb Ges mdjfv‡e km¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb GKwU wb‡`©wkKv| GB wb‡`©wkKvB km¨ cwÄKv|
dm‡ji RxebKvj, Drcv`b †KŠkj cÖf…wZ Z_¨vewj‡K mviwY QK, †iLvwPÎ ev wP‡Îi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcbv‡K dmj
cwÄKv e‡j, A_©vr †Kvb gv‡m †Kvb KvR m¤úv`bv Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi mswÿß cwiKíbvB km¨ cwÄKv|
km¨ cwÄKvi cÖKvi‡f`
km¨ cwÄKv wb¤œ wjwLZfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv hvq|
K) QK/mviwYg~jK: GB km¨ cwÄKv‡Z mviwYi gva¨‡g dmj msµvšÍ I Pvlvev` Kjv‡KŠkj Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiv
nq|
1| we¯ÍvwiZ/eY©bvg~jK|
2| gvmIqvix/KvRwfwËK|
L) †iLvwPÎ: G ai‡bi cwÄKvq †iLvwP‡Îi gva¨‡g k‡m¨ ecbKvj, e„w×i, cvKvi Ges KZ©‡bi mgq cÖKvk Kiv
nq|
M) Qwe m¤^wjZ: GB cwÄKvq dm‡ji Pvlvev` †KŠkj e„w×i gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq| wbiÿi K…lKM‡Yi Rb¨
cwÄKv Dc‡hvMx Z‡e e¨qeûj|

K…wl A_©bxwZ c„ôv-287

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

km¨ cwÄKvi ¸iæZ¡:

1| dmj Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ Kjv‡KŠkj mswÿß AvKv‡i Zz‡j aiv nq|
2| wewfbœ dm‡ji RxebKvj mswÿß AvKv‡i Zz‡j aiv hvq|
3| km¨ ch©vq ZvwjKv ˆZwi‡Z mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
4| km¨ Pvl cwiKíbv cÖYq‡b mnRZi K‡i|
5| Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbvq `ÿZv e„w× Kiv hvq|
6| †Kvb Kvi‡b dmj ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡j dmj cwÄKvi gva¨‡g †mB ¯’v‡b weKí dmj Pvl Kiv hvq|
7| dmj Drcv`‡bi Avqe¨q wnmve Kiv mnR nq|

wPÎ-17.5.1 : wewfbœ dm‡ji km¨ cwÄKv

c„ôv-288 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wlwkÿv 2q cÎ BDwbU 17

km¨ ch©vq ev dmj Pµ (Crop Rotation)

GKwU wbw`©ó f~-L‡Û wba©vwiZ mg‡q wbe©vwPZ wKQz km¨ avivevwnKfv‡e Rb¥v‡bv‡K km¨ ch©vq e‡j| µgea©gvb
RbmsL¨vi Lv‡`¨i Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ Ges gvwUi De©iZv msiÿ‡bi Rb¨ mwVK km¨ ch©vq ev km¨ Pµ Abymib
Kiv AZ¨vek¨K| km¨ ch©v‡qi Rb¨ mywbw`©ó cwiKíbv Abyhvqx dmj¸‡jv mvRv‡Z n‡e Ges wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨
ch©vqµ‡g Pvl Ki‡Z n‡e| km¨ ch©vq mvaviYZ 2-4 eQi n‡j jvfRbK dmj Drcv`b m¤¢e|
km¨ ch©v‡qi bxwZgvjv
1| ¯’vbxq Rjevqy, gvwU I Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v we‡ePbv K‡i dmj wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|
2| AMfxi km¨ Drcv`‡bi ci Mfxi km¨ Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡e|
3| AwaK cywó Dcv`vb †kvlYKvix dm‡ji ci Kg Lv‡`¨cv`vb †kvlbKvix dm‡ji Pvl Ki‡Z n‡e|
4| AwaK jvfRbK dmj wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb- kni GjvKvi wbKU kvK mewR, wPwb K‡ji cv‡k AvL I
cvU Kj wkí GjvKvi cv‡k cvU dmj wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|
5| cï Lv‡`¨i Dc‡hvMx dmj km¨ ch©v‡q AšÍf³ ~© Ki‡Z n‡e|
6| km¨ ch©vq Ggbfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z mviveQi kÖwg‡Ki KvR _v‡K|
7| ¯’vbxq Pvwn`v I evRvi e¨e¯’vi Dci wfwË K‡i dmj wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|
8| wZb ev Pvi eQi ci GK †gŠmyg Rwg cwZZ ivL‡Z n‡e|
km¨ ch©vq Aej¤^‡bi †gŠjbxwZ : cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i myô e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g gvbm¤úbœ AwaK dmj Drcv`‡bi j‡ÿ¨
km¨ ch©vq Aej¤^b Ki‡Z wb¤œewY©Z welq we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
1. GjvKvi Rjevqy I gvwU‡Z Awf‡hvwRZ dmjmg~n n‡Z K…l‡Ki cvwievwiK Pvwn`v (Lv`¨, bM` A_©, †Mv-Lv`¨
BZ¨vw`) I evRvig~j¨ we‡ePbvq jvfRbK dmj wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. dmj Drcv`‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY I cÖhyw³i cÖvc¨Zv we‡ePbv K‡i dmj wbe©vPb Kiv|
3. wj¸wg‡bvmx cwiev‡ii dmj wbe©vPb Kiv|
4. Mfxig~jx/AMfxig~jx dmj ch©vqµ‡g Pvl Kiv|
5. meyR mvi dmj Pvl Kiv|
km¨ ch©v‡qi myweav
1| eQ‡i GKvwaK dmj cvIqv hvq|
2| Rwgi De©iZv iÿv cvq|
3| K…l‡Ki mylg Lvev‡ii cÖvc¨Zv wbwðZ K‡i|
4| †gvU Drcv`b I Avq e„w× cvq|
5| mviv eQi kÖwg‡Ki Kv‡Ri m„wó nq|
6| Lvgvi e¨e¯’vcbvi KvR myk„•Lj nq|
Amyweav
1| km¨ ch©v‡q `xN©‡gqv`x dmj AšÍfy³© Kiv hvq bv|
2| evRvi g~‡j¨i Kvi‡Y km¨ ch©vq e¨vnZ n‡Z cv‡i|
3| me GjvKvq km¨ ch©vq Aej¤^b m¤¢e nq bv|
KLb km¨ ch©vq ev¯Íevqb nq bv
1. dm‡ji evRvi g~j¨ Aw¯’wZkxj _vK‡j|
2. wbe©vwPZ dm‡ji exRmn cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKi‡Yi `y®cÖvc¨Zv n‡j|
3. f~wgi eÜziZvi Kvi‡Y †Kvb GjvKvq we‡kl †Kvb dmj AwaK jvfRbK n‡j|
4. el©Rxwe Dw™¢` Pvl Ki‡j km¨ ch©vq Aej¤^b m¤¢e nq bv|

K…wl A_©bxwZ c„ôv-289

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

km¨ ch©vq wmwWDj ˆZwii avcmg~n

1. mvaviYZ hZ eQ‡ii Rb¨ km¨ ch©vq Aej¤^b Kiv n‡e Rwg‡K ZZwU L‡Û wef³ Kiv nq| Z‡e Rwg †ewk eo
n‡j ¸wYZK msL¨K fv‡M wef³ K‡i GKB km¨ ch©vq wmwWDj e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
2. Lvgv‡i Rwgi eÜziZvi wfbœZv _vK‡j Zv we‡ePbvq c„_K km¨ ch©vq wmwWDj ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. km¨ ch©v‡qi †gqv` I wbe©vwPZ Rwg Kq dmjx A_©vr eQ‡i †Kvb †Kvb †gŠmy‡g dmj Drcv`b nq Zv we‡ePbv
K‡i dm‡ji msL¨v wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb 4 eQ‡ii Rb¨ km¨ ch©vq wmwWDj Kivi †ÿ‡Î 4  3 = 12 wU
dmj wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. dmj wbe©vP‡bi †ÿ‡Î †gŠmyg Ges g~jbxwZ we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K…l‡Ki Pvwn`v I Rwgi De©iZv iÿv nq|
5. 1 eQ‡ii wmwWDj ˆZwi Ki‡jB 4 eQ‡ii wmwWDj mn‡RB ˆZwi Kiv hvq|
km¨ ch©vq Gi ¯’vqxZ¡Kvj : mvaviYZ 4-5 eQi †gqv`x nq|
km¨ ch©vq wmwWDj (gvSvix DPz, wZb dmjx Rwg I 4 eQi †gqv`x bgybv)
1g eQi :
Rwgi eøK eøK-1 eøK-2 eøK-3 eøK-4
†gŠmyg
Lwic  1 †`kx cvU WvUv kvK f~Æv cyBkvK
Lwic  2 †ivcv Avgb avb ˆaÂv (meyR mvi) †ivcv Avgb avb †Xom
iwe gmyi Wvj mwilv Mg U‡g‡Uv

2q eQi :
Rwgi eøK eøK-1 eøK-2 eøK-3 eøK-4
†gŠmyg
Lwic  1 cyBkvK †`kx cvU WvUv kvK f~Æv
Lwic  2 †Xom †ivcv Avgb avb ˆaÂv (meyR mvi) †ivcv Avgb avb
iwe U‡g‡Uv gmyi Wvj mwilv Mg
3q eQi :
Rwgi eøK eøK-1 eøK-2 eøK-3 eøK-4
†gŠmyg
Lwic  1 f~Æv cyBkvK †`kx cvU WvUv kvK
Lwic  2 †ivcv Avgb avb †Xom †ivcv Avgb avb ˆaÂv (meyR mvi)
iwe Mg U‡g‡Uv gmyi Wvj mwilv

4_© eQi :
Rwgi eøK eøK-1 eøK-2 eøK-3 eøK-4
†gŠmyg
Lwic  1 WvUv kvK f~Æv cyBkvK †`kx cvU
Lwic  2 ˆaÂv (meyR mvi) †ivcv Avgb avb †Xom †ivcv Avgb avb
iwe mwilv Mg U‡g‡Uv gmyi Wvj
km¨ ch©v‡qi bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡i kn‡ii wbKUeZ©x gvSvix DuPz Rwgi Rb¨ 4 eQi
wkÿv_©xi KvR
†gqv`x km¨ ch©v‡q wmwWDj ˆZix Kiæb|

c„ôv-290 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wlwkÿv 2q cÎ BDwbU 17

mvims‡ÿc
wba©vwiZ mg‡q wbe©vwPZ wKQz dmj ch©vqµ‡g Pvlvev` Kiv‡K km¨ ch©vq ejv nq| km¨ ch©vq Aej¤^‡bi gva¨‡g
Rwgi Drcv`b ÿgZv a‡i ivLv m¤¢e| km¨ ch©v‡qi gva¨‡g AwaK Drcv`b I †gvU Drcv`b evov‡bv hvq|
Lvgv‡i ¯’vwqZ¡ e„w× cvq Ges K…l‡Ki AwaK gybvdv I mylg Lvevi wbwðZ K‡i|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-17.5
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| km¨ cwÄKvi cÖKvi‡f`-
i) QK/mviwYg~jK
ii) †iLvwPÎ
iii) Qwe m¤^wjZ
K) i, ii L) ii, iii M) i, iii N) i, ii, iii
2| km¨ cwÄKv nj-
K) km¨ wbe©vPb Ges mdjfv‡e Drcv`‡bi wb‡`©wkKv
L) dmj Drcv`‡bi c~e©kZ©
M) wbe©vwPZ wKQz km¨ Rb¥v‡bv N) dmj Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ Kjv‡KŠkj
3| km¨ ch©vq KZ eQi †gqv`x nq?
K) 1-2 L) 3-4
M) 4-5 M) 6-7

K…wl A_©bxwZ c„ôv-291

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-17.6 dmj web¨vm

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 dmj web¨vm wK Ges Gi Dci cÖfve we¯ÍviKvix Dcv`vb mg~n Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
 km¨ ch©v‡qi msÁv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb I km¨ ch©v‡qi wmwWDj ˆZix Kiv wkL‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã dmj web¨vm, Rjevqy MZ Dcv`vb, g„wËKv MZ Dcv`vb, Av_© mvgvwRK Dcv`vb|

dmj web¨vm : †Kvb GjvKvq cÖwZ eQi 12 gvm mg‡q †gŠmygwfwËK dmj Drcv`‡b AbymiYK…Z aviv‡K dmj
web¨vm ejv nq| dmj web¨vm‡K †Kvb GjvKvi k‡m¨vrcv`b aviv ev km¨Pvl ejv nq| †Kvb GjvKvi Lwic-1 (16
‡deªæqvwi-15 Ryb) †gŠmy‡g cvU, Lwic-2 (16 Ryb-15 A‡±vei) †gŠmy‡g Avgb avb I iwe (16 A‡±vei-15
‡deªæqvwi) †gŠmy‡g Mg Avev` n‡j D³ GjvKvi dmj web¨vm: cvU - Avgb avb - Mg| dmj web¨vm †`‡ki mKj
GjvKvq GKB iKg bq| dmj web¨v‡mi G wfbœZv A‡bK¸wj Dcv`vb Øviv wba©vwiZ ev cÖfvweZ n‡q _v‡K| cÖfve
we¯ÍviKvix Dcv`vb¸wj‡K cÖavbZ 3wU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
K) RjevqyMZ Dcv`vb (Climatic factors)
L) g„wËKvMZ Dcv`vb (Edaphic factors)
M) Av_©-mvgvwRK Dcv`vb (Socio-economic factors)
RjevqyMZ Dcv`vb : mvaviYZ †Kvb GKwU dmj Zvi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ZvcgvÎv, cvwb, m~h©v‡jvK, w`ev‰`N©¨, e„wócvZ
cÖf„wZ Rjevqyi Dcv`vbmg~n †h A‡j cvq †mB GjvKv‡ZB Awf‡hvwRZ n‡q _v‡K| GjvKv I †gŠmygwfwËK
Awf‡hvwRZ/Lvc LvIqv‡bv dmjmg~n n‡Z Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`vb we‡ePbvq wKQy dmj wbe©vwPZ n‡q hvq| iwe †gŠmy‡g
†`‡ki DËiv‡j wbgœZvcgvÎvq Mg Drcv`b fv‡jv nIqvq H A‡ji AwaKvsk GjvKvi dmj web¨v‡m Mg ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q|
g„wËKvMZ Dcv`vb : †Kvb dm‡ji myôy-¯^vfvweK e„w× I m‡e©v”P dj‡bi mÿgZv wbf©i K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq RjevqyMZ
cwi‡ek I Dchy³ gvwUi Dci| RjevqyMZ Dcv`vb AbyK~j n‡jI gvwUi ¸Yv¸Y fv‡jv bv n‡j D³ dmj Kvw•LZ
djb w`‡Z e¨_© nq| gvwUi ¸Yv¸Y, eÜziZv, eybU, Av`ª©Zv, jeYv³Zv, A¤øgvb (pH), Lv‡`¨vrcv`‡bi cÖvc¨Zv cÖf„wZ
Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq| Pi GjvKvi gvwU nvjKv eybU nIqvq mvaviYZ H mKj GjvKvi dmj web¨v‡m ZigyR, ev`vg,
wgwó Avjy RvZxq dmj †`Lv hvq| A¤øxq gvwU‡Z Pv, Avbvim fv‡jv nq| DcK~jxq GjvKvi jeYv³ gvwU‡Z me
ai‡bi dmj Rb¥vq bv| Z‡e bvwi‡Kj, mycvix, ¯’vbxq Rv‡Zi avb Pvl nq| DPz ev gvSvix DPz GjvKvq Pvlvev‡`i
Rb¨ A‡bK dmj wbe©vP‡bi my‡hvM _vK‡jI nvIo ev bxPz GjvKvq Rwj Avgb Qvov Ab¨ dmj jvMv‡bvi my‡hvM
_v‡K bv|
Av_©-mvgvwRK Dcv`vb : ‡Kvb GjvKvi Rjevqy I gvwU A‡bK dm‡ji Rb¨ AbyK~j n‡jI wKQy dmj H GjvKvi
K…lKiv wbe©vPb K‡i hvi mv‡_ D³ GjvKvq RbM‡Yi Avw_©K I mvgvwRK wKQy Dcv`vb RwoZ| Gig‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨,
GjvKvwfwËK dm‡ji Pvwn`v, evRvig~j¨, wecbb e¨e¯’v, K…l‡Ki Avw_©K Ae¯’v, dmj Avev‡`i DcKi‡Yi cÖvc¨Zv,
FY e¨e¯’v, dmj msiÿY myweav, cwienY myweav, Lv`¨vfvm, miKvix bxwZgvjv, cÖhyw³MZ mn‡hvwMZv cÖf„wZ| GK
mgq G †`‡ki AwaKvsk GjvKvq dmj web¨v‡m Lwic-1 †gŠmy‡g cvU _vK‡jI GLb Kg| KviY AvšÍR©vwZK I
Af¨šÍixY evRv‡i cv‡Ui Pvwn`v n«vm cvIqvq Ges evRvig~j¨ Kg nIqvq K…lK cvU Pv‡l AvMÖn †`Lv‡”Q bv| d‡j
cvU k‡m¨vrcv`b aviv †_‡K ev` c‡o‡Q| fvZ wbf©i Lv`¨ ZvwjKvi Rb¨ cÖvq me GjvKvq avb GKwU mvaviY
dmj| K…lK Zvi wb‡Ri cvwievwiK Lv`¨ wbðqZvi Rb¨ avb wbe©vPb K‡i _v‡K| GjvKvi K…lK‡`i Avw_©K Ae¯’v

c„ôv-292 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K…wlwkÿv 2q cÎ BDwbU 17

fv‡jv n‡j jvfRbK †h †Kvb dmj Pv‡li D‡`¨vM wb‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ Avw_©K msKU _vK‡j Kg cywR‡Z nq Ggb
dmjB H GjvKvq Pvlvev` Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| †Kvì‡÷v‡iR _vK‡j H mKj GjvKvq K…lKiv Avjy Pv‡l †ewk AvMÖnx
n‡q _v‡K| kn‡ii mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v fv‡jv n‡j mswkøó GjvKvi dmj web¨v‡m jvfRbK kvKmewR AšÍfy©³
n‡q _v‡K|
dmj web¨v‡mi myweav I Amyweav : GjvKvi Rjevqy, gvwU I Pvwn`v we‡ePbv K‡i jvfRbK dmj wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g
K…wl Drcv`b e„w× Kiv m¤¢e| cÖPwjZ dmj web¨vm Aej¤^‡b AwaK gybvdv AR©b m¤¢e nq bv|
dmj web¨vm cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g K…wl Drcv`b e„w× : GjvKvi Rjevqy I g„wËKv Øviv Awf‡hvwRZ dmjmg~‡ni g‡a¨
n‡Z K‡qKwU dmj web¨v‡m AšÍf³ y© n‡q _v‡K| Gi Rb¨ Av_©-mvgvwRK Dcv`vbmg~nB g~jZ `vqx| hvi Kvi‡Y
dmj web¨v‡m cwieZ©b jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| †Kvb GjvKvi Rb¨ AwaKmsL¨K jvfRbK dmj wbe©vP‡bi my‡hvM ˆZwii
j‡ÿ¨ D”P djbkxj Av‡jvK wbi‡cÿ RvZ D™¢veb, AvaywbK cÖhyw³ n¯ÍvšÍi, FYmyweav, evRvi e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb,
†hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb, ¸`vgNi ˆZwi, Lv`¨vfv‡m cwieZ©b Avbqb Ki‡Z n‡e| hv gvby‡li mylg Lvevi wbwðZ
K‡i GjvKvi Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi Dbœqb NUv‡e|
Rwgi cÖKvi ev aviv Abymv‡i Avgvi †`‡k dmj web¨v‡mi D`vniY †`qv n‡jv-
Rwgi aib dmj web¨v‡mi cÖK…wZ
DPz Rwg 1. †ev‡iv- Avgb-cwZZ
2. Avjy-‡ev‡iv-Avgb
3. Wvj-cvU-cwZZ
4. Mg-KvDb-Avgb
5. U‡g‡Uv-AvDk-mewR
gvSvwi Rwg 1. Avjy-‡ev‡iv-Wvj
2. Mg-Avgb-Wvj
3. mwilv-‡ev‡iv-Avgb
4. †ev‡iv-Avgb-mwilv
5. U‡g‡Uv-AvDk-mewR
wbPz Rwg 1. Avjy-‡ev‡iv-‡evbv Avgb
2. †ev‡iv-Avgb-cwZZ
3. KvDb-Avgb-cwZZ
4. Mg-‡ev‡iv-Avgb
5. cvU-Avgb-cwZZ

wkÿv_©xi KvR wkÿv_©x dmj gvSvwi Rwgi dmj web¨vm Ki‡eb|

mvims‡ÿc
dmj Drcv`‡b †Kvb GjvKvq AbymiYK…Z evrmwiK aviv‡K dmj web¨vm ejv n‡q _v‡K| dmj web¨vm wbw`©ó
GjvKvi Rjevqy, g„wËKv I Av_©mvgvwRK Dcv`vb Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q _v‡K| dmj web¨vm cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g K…wl
Drcv`b e„w× Ki‡Z n‡j bZzb dmj RvZ D™¢veb, GjvKvwfwËK K…wl mgm¨v `~ixKiY, Av_©mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi
Dbœqb Avek¨K|

K…wl A_©bxwZ c„ôv-293

I‡cb ¯‹zj GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-17.6
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| †`‡ki DËiv‡j dmj web¨v‡m Mg AšÍfy³© nIqvi cÖavb KviY wK?
K) kxZKv‡j wbgœ ZvcgvÎv L) AwaK e„wócvZ
M) D”P ZvcgvÎv N) w`ev‰`N©¨|
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 2 I 3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI|
kwdK mv‡ne gvSvix DuPz Rwg‡Z GKwU km¨ Lvgvi K‡ib| K…wl m¤úªmviY Kg©KZ©v Zv‡K civgk© w`‡jb|
2| †Kvb wel‡q cwiKíbv Ki‡Z ej‡jb-
i) km¨ cwiKíbv ii) dmj web¨vm iii) km¨ ch©vq
K) i, ii L) ii, iii M) i, iii N) i, ii, iii
3| kwd‡Ki dmj web¨vm †KvbwU-
K) †ev‡iv-Avgb-mwilv L) Mg-†ev‡iv-Avgb
M) †ev‡iv-Avgb-cwZZ N) cvU-Avgb-cwZZ

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
1| †g‡nicyi MÖv‡gi kvgxg wgqv †ek wKQz Avevw` Rwg i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †Zgb Avkvbyiƒc djb cv‡”Qb bv| ZvB ¯’vbxq
K…wl Kg©KZ©vi Kv‡Q civg‡k©i Rb¨ †M‡jb| wZwb dm‡ji GKwU km¨ cwÄKv †`wL‡q wewfbœfv‡e civgk©
w`‡jb| Gici kvgxg wgqv‡K dmj Pv‡l km¨ ch©vq Aej¤^‡bi Rb¨ w`K wb‡`©kbv w`‡jb| civgk© KvR Kivq
kvgxg jvfevb n‡jb|
K) km¨ cwÄKv wK?
L) km¨ ch©v‡qi g~jbxwZ wjLyb?
M) K…wlKg©KZ©v †Kb dmj Pµ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z ej‡jb e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
N) km¨ ch©vq Aej¤^b K‡i jvfevb n‡jb welqwU g~j¨vqb Kiæb|
2| K…wl m¤úwK©Z A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vmg~‡ni mbv³KiY mgvavb, wb‡`©kbv I eY©bv m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y© ÁvbB nj K…wl
A_©bxwZ| K…wl A_©bxwZ Lvgvi Kib g~j¨ I wecbb m¤ú‡K© avibv †`q| Avi mwVK LvgviKi‡bi avibvi gva¨‡g
GKRb K…lK jvfevb n‡Z cv‡i|
K) K…wl A_©bxwZ wK?
L) Lvgvi Ki‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wjLyb|
M) Lvgv‡ii Kvh©vejx Dc¯’vcb Kiæb
N) Lvgvi cwiPvjbv bxwZgvjv we‡kølY Kiæb|

DËigvjv
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 17.1 t 1| K 2| N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 17.2 t 1| K 2| L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 17.3 t 1| N 2| K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 17.4 t 1| N 2| N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 17.5 t 1| N 2| K 3| M
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 17.6 t 1| K 2| N 3| K

c„ôv-294 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq