FINDER

FORTUNE IAS NEWS DAILY EXPLAINER 04-08-2023

04 th

AUGUST
2023

FORTUNE IAS NEWS DAILY EXPLAINER

Govt. imposes curbs on import of • It aims for effective disposal of cases related to
laptops, computers, tablets environmental issues and conservation within 6 months
of filing the application and appeals.
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
Economic & Social Development – Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, • It has jurisdiction over all civil cases involving the
Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
environment.
Mains: General Studies Paper - 3
Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, Structure of NGT
development and employment.

• Comprises the chairperson, judicial members and

Product Linked Incentive Scheme expert members.

• The 14 production-linked incentive(PLI) schemes are • Tenure: term of 5 years or till the age 65 years,

implemented by the Department for Promotion whichever is earlier; no reappointment for

of Industry and Internal Trade to boost domestic chairperson and members.

manufacturing and exports in various sectors from • Chairperson appointed by the central government

2020. in consultation with the Chief Justice of India.

• It aims to provide financial incentives to eligible • A Selection Committee formed by the central

companies based on their sales and production and government to appoint the other members.

seeks to attract foreign direct investment and enhance Gyanvapi mosque panel moves SC after
the competitiveness of Indian products. HC orders ASI survey
• Currently the scheme offers incentives across 14 Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
key sectors such as electronics, pharmaceuticals, History of India and Indian National movement.

automobiles, textiles and food products.

Mains: General Studies Paper - 3
Over nine lakh trees likely to be axed for Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and
Architecture from ancient to modern times.

Great Nicobar Project

Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1 Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)
Indian Polity & Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public
Policy, Rights Issues, etc. • The Archaeological Survey of India, under the
Mains: General Studies Paper - 2 Ministry of Culture is the premier organization for the
National Green Tribunal
archaeological research and protection of the cultural
heritage.
National Green Tribunal • ASI functions under the provisions of the Ancient
Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act
• A Specialized agency set up under the National Green
(AMASR Act) of 1958.
Tribunal Act(2010).
• ASI also regulates Antiquities and Art Treasure Act
1972.

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FORTUNE IAS NEWS DAILY EXPLAINER 04-08-2023

• Created by Alexander Cunningham in 1861 CAT admits IAS officers’ plea against
• For the maintenance of ancient monuments and postings in cadre posts
archaeological sites and remains of national importance
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
the entire country is divided into 37 circles. Indian Polity & Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public
Policy, Rights Issues, etc.

Can you equate Article 370 with Basic Mains: General Studies Paper - 2
Structure, asks SC Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.

Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1

Indian Polity & Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public
Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
Central Administrative Tribunal(CAT)

Mains: General Studies Paper - 2
Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business,
powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
Basic Structure
• An evolving judicial principle that certain parts of
the Constitution have certain features that cannot
be altered or destroyed by the amendments of the
Constitution.
• In 1973, a 13 judge bench ruled in Kesavananda
Bharati v. State of Kerala that article 368 does not
enable Parliament to amend the basic framework of the
constitution.
• It aims for the rule of law essential for preservation of
democratic system.
Evolution of Basic Structure
• Established under Article 323A of the constitution.
• Mandate: To adjudicate disputes and complaints
with respect to recruitment and conditions of service
of persons appointed to public services and posts
in connection with the affairs of the Union or other
authorities under the control of the Government.
• Composition: A bench consists of one Judicial Member
and one Administrative Member.
• The conditions of service of the Chairman and
Members of CAT are the same as applicable to a Judge
of High Court.
Nuclear signalling, the need for new
guard rails
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
Current events of National & International importance.

Shankari Prasad Case- Through article

368 parliament has the power to amend Mains: General Studies Paper - 3
the constitution (including fundamental Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or
1951 rights)
affecting India’s interests.

Sajjan Singh v. State of Rajasthan - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

1965 Parliament has power to amend any part
of the constitution • NATO is a security alliance of 31 members (Finland
Golaknath v. State of Punjab joined as the 31st member recently) from North
1967 - fundamental rights could not be
amended. America and Europe.
24th constitutional amendment- Article • Formed in 1949 with the signing of the Washington
1971 368 & article 13 allowed parliament to Treaty
unilaterally amend fundamental rights
Keshavanada Bharati Case- Parts of • The fundamental goal is to safeguard the allies’ freedom
1973 constitution can be amended by keeping and security by political and military means.
the basic structure intact
• Article 5 of the Washington Treaty states that an attack
Minerva Mills v. Union of India -
1980 Parliament’s power to amend the against one ally is an attack against all
constitution is limited by the constitution
itself. • Headquarter- Brussels, Belgium

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FORTUNE IAS NEWS DAILY EXPLAINER 04-08-2023

• The act also defines a child as any person below the

age of 18 years and recognises their rights.
• The Ministry of Women and Child Development
championed its introduction.

PM to attend BRICS summit in S. Africa

this month
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
Current events of National & International importance.

India needs evidence-based, ethics-

Mains: General Studies Paper - 3
driven medicine Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or
affecting India’s interests.

Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1

Indian Polity & Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public
Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
BRICS

Mains: General Studies Paper - 2 • BRICS - Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa - formed
Governance and government policies and interventions.
in 2010.
• It constitutes 41% of the global population, 24% of the
National AYUSH Mission global GDP
• A centrally sponsored scheme launched in 2014 by the • It is not an organization but an annual summit of these
department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family nations’ leaders
Welfare. • This year’s summit will happen in South Africa
• AYUSH systems of medicines includes AYUSH systems of • Fortaleza Declaration (2014) resulted in the formation
medicines includes Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, of BRICS bank or the New Development Bank
Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. Endangered Himalayan vulture, bred in
• The system represents a way of healthy living conditions captivity for the first time in India
focusing on prevention of diseases and promotion of Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
health. General issues on Environmental ecology, Biodiversity & climate change

Should the age of consent be revised in

Mains: General Studies Paper - 3
India? Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact
assessment

Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1

Indian Polity & Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public
Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
Himalayan Vulture
• Himalayan vulture (Gyps himalayensis) is
Mains: General Studies Paper - 2
Polity, Laws and provisions. one of the two largest old world vultures
and true raptors.
Protection of Children from Sexual Offences • Old World vultures are vultures that are
Act 2012 (POCSO) found in the Old World, i.e. the continents
• Enacted to aid legal protection to children from sexual of Europe, Asia and Africa
abuse, exploitation and child pornography. • Native to the Himalayas and the adjoining
• It defines various forms of sexual offenses against Tibetan Plateau and also found in the Source- https://upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Himalayan_
children. Central Asian mountains Griffon_%28Gyps_himalayensis%29.jpg

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FORTUNE IAS NEWS DAILY EXPLAINER 04-08-2023

• Diurnal and mostly solitary species The curious case of rising lactose
• IUCN conservation status: Near Threatened intolerance
Pakistan approves signing of security Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
pact with U.S. General Science

Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1 Mains: General Studies Paper - 3

Current events of National & International importance.
Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, Nano-technology, bio-
technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

Mains: General Studies Paper - 3

Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or Lactose Intolerance
affecting India’s interests.

• People with lactose intolerance are unable to fully

Communication Interoperability and Security
Memorandum of Agreement (CIS-MOA)
• CIS-MOA is a foundational defence agreement that the
US signs with its allies and countries.
• It helps US increase sales of military equipment and
hardware to these countries
• Communication Compatibility and Security Agreement
(COMCASA) is the Indian version of CIS-MOA signed in
2018.
• Valid for 10 years, COMCASA aims to provide a
legal framework for the transfer of highly sensitive
communication security equipment from the US to India
Govt. remains ‘guarded’ over prices even
as core inflation softened in Q1
digest the sugar (lactose) in milk. As a result, they have
diarrhea, gas and bloating after eating or drinking dairy
products.
• This condition is usually harmless but its symptoms can
be uncomfortable
• Lactose intolerance is usually caused by a deficiency of
an enzyme in the body called lactase.
• The prevalence rate is 75-95% in African American and
Asian ethnicities while it is estimated to be 18-26%
amongst Europeans
• Over 50% of the Indians are deficient in lactase.
Coups in Niger; causes and concerns
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
Current events of National & International importance.

Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1

Economic & Social Development – Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Mains: General Studies Paper - 3
Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc. Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or
affecting India’s interests

Mains: General Studies Paper - 3

Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth,
development and employment Niger Coup
• Recently, an army-led coup in Niger removed President
Inflation
Situation of sustained, unchecked increase in the general Mohamed Bazoum Bazoum
price level and a fall in the purchasing power of money. Reasons behind the coup
Headline Inflation • The country’s leadership was unable to stop insurgent
Headline inflation is the measure of total inflation within attacks despite the increase in foreign forces, especially
an economy, it includes price rise in food, fuel and all other
from the US and France.
commodities.
• The large number of foreign military troops and bases in
Core Inflation the country has not been well received by the military
It is a concept derived from headline inflation excluding the • Declining economic prospects
inflation in food and fuel, which are very volatile.

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FORTUNE IAS NEWS DAILY EXPLAINER 04-08-2023

• The President is from Niger’s ethnic Arab minority and • The bill removes research and bio-survey activities from
has always been labeled as having foreign origin. the purview of economic benefit-sharing requirements
Why do western nations have troops in Niger? • For other users of traditional knowledge, benefit sharing
will be based on the terms agreed between them and
• To fight Islamist insurgencies in west Africa’s semi-arid
the local management committee represented by the
Sahel region
National biodiversity Authority
• According to World Nuclear Association, Niger is the
• The bill decriminalizes all offenses under the act.
world’s seventh biggest producer of uranium and has
Africa’s highest-grade uranium ores Concerns
• The bill has not defined the term ‘codified traditional
India-Niger relations
knowledge’. A broad interpretation of this term might
• India opened its Embassy in Niamey in 2009
exempt almost all traditional knowledge from benefit-
and Niger established its Embassy in New
sharing requirements
Delhi in 2011
• It removes the direct role of local bodies in determining
• There are around 200 Indian nationals
mutually agreed terms
residing in Niamey, largely engaged in
• There is no provision for a mechanism for obtaining
trading, hospitality and service sector
prior informed consent from the local and indigenous
communities
Why is the Biological Diversity Bill facing
opposition?
Key Words
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
Current events of National & International importance. • Meri Mati, Mera Desh - the concluding
celebrations of 2-year long Azadi ka Amrit
Mains: General Studies Paper - 3 Mahotsav.
Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact
assessment. • Deforestation of Brazil’s Amazon.

Biological Diversity (Amendment) Bill 2021

• The bill amends the Biological Diversity Act 2002
to simplify compliance requirements for domestic Place in News Why in News
companies
Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) Niger Military Coup
• Access and Benefit Sharing refers to the way in which
genetic resources may be accessed and how users and NATO Nations Russia - Ukraine War
providers reach an agreement on the fair and equitable
sharing of the benefits that might result from their use
Key changes through the amendment
• Users of codified traditional knowledge (supposed to
mean traditional knowledge which is in some systematic
and structured form) and AYUSH practitioners will be
exempted from sharing economic benefits of traditional
medicines with the indigenous communities
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