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FORTUNE IAS NEWS DAILY EXPLAINER 07-08-2023

07
th

AUGUST
2023

FORTUNE IAS NEWS DAILY EXPLAINER

Amid fresh clashes, ITLF leaders to meet No scope for talks on Cauvery row, says
Amit Shah in Delhi T.N.
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1 Indian Polity & Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public
Current events of National & International importance. Policy, Rights Issues, etc.

Mains: General Studies Paper - 3 Mains: General Studies Paper - 2

Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and
Security challenges and their management in border areas - linkages of organized institutions.
crime with terrorism.

Cauvery River Water Dispute

Indigenous Tribal Leader’s Forum (ITLF)
• It is a tribal leader’s forum in Manipur that describes
itself as a conglomerate of the recognized tribes in
Manipur’s Churachandpur
• It is called for the complete separation of the hill areas,
inhibited primarily by the indigenous tribes of the Kuki-
Chin-Zomi-Mizo group, from the rest of the State.
Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF)
• CAPF performs a multidimensional role like protecting
the borders of the nation from external aggression &
infiltration, aiding in internal security.
• The Ministry of Home Affairs maintains seven CAPFs;
• The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) which assists
in internal security and counter insurgency
• The Central Industrial Security Forces (CISF) which
protects vital installations (like airports) and public
sector undertakings
• The National Security Guards (NSG) which is a special
counter-terrorism force
• Four border guarding forces which are the Border
Security Force (BSF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP),
Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) and Assam Rifles (AR)
• It involves 3 states and one union territory (Tamil Nadu,
Kerala, Karnataka and Puducherry)
• The issue dates to the two agreements in 1892 and
1924 between the then Madras presidency and Mysore.
• This agreement included the principle that the upper
riparian state must obtain consent of lower riparian
state for any construction activity viz. reservoir on the
river cauvery
Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal
• Set up in 1990 to settle the water dispute regarding river
cauvery and the river valley thereof among.
Constitutional provisions
• Entry 17 of State List (Schedule 7) deals with water
including irrigation, canals, drainage etc
• Entry 56 of Union List empowers the Union Government
for the regulation and development of inter-state rivers
and river valleys to the extent declared by Parliament.
• Article 262:
• Parliament may by law provide for the adjudication of
any dispute or complaint with respect to waters and any
inter-state river or river valley
• Parliament may by law provide that neither the Supreme
Court nor any other court shall exercise jurisdiction in
respect of any such dispute or complaint as mentioned
above

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FORTUNE IAS NEWS DAILY EXPLAINER 07-08-2023

Cauvery River
• Known as Ponni in Tamil, also known as Ganga of the
South
• It is the fourth largest river of southern India.
• Rises on Brahmagiri Hill (Karnataka) of the Western
Ghats, flows in a southeasterly direction and descends
the Eastern Ghats in a series of great falls and drains
into Bay of Bengal through Puducherry
• Some of the Tributaries: Arkavathi, Hemavathi,
Lakshmana Theertha, Shimsa, Kabini and Harangi
Code, the Criminal Procedure Code and the Criminal
Law Act of 1952
Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act
• The DSPE Act was brought into force in 1946
• This act transferred the superintendence of the British-
India origin Special Police Establishment (SPE) to the
Home Department and its functions were enlarged to
cover all departments of Government of India.
• The jurisdiction of the SPE extended to all the union
territories and could be extended also to the states with
the consent of the state government concerned.
• CBI was formed by the Home Ministry via a resolution
under DSPE Act in 1963.
• It was then transferred to Ministry of Personnel under
the overall oversight of Prime Ministers Office.

Units of Srisailam power house to be

overhauled
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
Current events of national and international importance.

Mains: General Studies Paper - 3

Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

VACB can register graft cases against Srisailam Dam

Central govt.staff: HC • It is constructed across the
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1 Krishna river in Kurnool
Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public
Policy, Rights Issues, etc. district, Andhra Pradesh

Mains: General Studies Paper - 2

near Srisailam temple town
Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities • It is the second largest
of various Constitutional Bodies. Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial
capacity working
Prevention of Corruption Act 1988 (PCA) hydroelectric station in the country
• The dam was constructed in a deep gorge in the
• PCA was aimed at making anti-corruption laws
Nallamala hills in between Kurnool and Mahabubnagar
more effective by widening their coverage and by
districts.
strengthening the provisions.
Krishna river
• It provides penalties in relation to corruption by public
• Second largest river of peninsular India
servants and also for those who are involved in the
• Originates in the western ghats at the Jor village of
abetment of an act of corruption
Maharashtra near Mahabaleshwar
• It merged the provisions of the Prevention of Corruption
• It crosses the entire peninsular width starting from
Act 1947 as well as several portions of the Indian Penal
western ghats and merging into Bay of Bengal.

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FORTUNE IAS NEWS DAILY EXPLAINER 07-08-2023

• Almost 75% of its basin is agricultural land Mains: General Studies Paper - 3
Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact
• Before merging into Bay of Bengal, it forms a large delta assessment

which has extended upto 35 km into the Bay of Bengal

Tiger
• Major tributaries- Bhima and Tungabhadra • IUCN STATUS:
Endangered
• It is the largest cat
species, member of
genus Panthera.
• The habitat of tigers stretch from Siberian temperate
forests to subtropical and tropical forests of Indian
subcontinent and Sumatra.
• There are 8 subspecies of tigers out of which 3 are
extinct: Bengal tiger, Caspian tiger(extinct), Amur tiger,
Javan tiger(extinct), South china tiger, Bali tiger(extinct),
Sumatran tiger and Indo- chinese tiger.
The bureaucracy as prosecutor and Tiger Census in India
judge • A census done every 4 years by National Tiger
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1 Conservation Authority(NTCA) in partnership with
Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public
Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
state forest departments, NGOs, the Wildlife Institute
of India(WII) covering 20 states of India.
Mains: General Studies Paper - 2
Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and • The census involves a double sampling method, ground
issues arising out of their design and implementation.
surveys and images from cameras.
Jan Vishwas (Amendment) Bill 2022 • The current tiger population in India is 3,682, up from
• It aims to enhance the ease of living and doing business 2,967 in 2018. TIGER CENSUS (WILDLIFE
INSTITUTE OF INDIA)
(“Minimum government, Maximum governance”) in • M a d h y a 4000

India based on trust between all stakeholders Pradesh, for 3500

• It aims to decriminalize many minor offenses across 42

3000
the second
2500

Acts by replacing them with monetary penalties. time in the past 2000
3682
• Some of the decriminalised Acts included in the Bill three censuses 1500
2967
are the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the reported the 1000

500
Information Technology Act, 2000, Prevention of highest number 0
YEARS
Money-laundering Act, 2002 etc. at 785.
2018 2022
• There has been a significant increase of tiger occupancy
M.P. strategy for tigers can help in the Shivalik hills and decline in the Western Ghats.
cheetahs too
5% of birds in India are endemic, says
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1 Zoological Survey of India publication
General issues on Environmental ecology, Biodiversity & climate change
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
General issues on Environmental ecology, Biodiversity & climate change

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FORTUNE IAS NEWS DAILY EXPLAINER
Mains: General Studies Paper -3
Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact
assessment
Endemic Species
• Endemic species are plants and animals that exist only
in one particular geographical region or area.
• Examples of endemic species in India: Nilgiri Tahr,Sangai
deer, Lion tailed macaque,Kashmir Stag.
• Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats and Western
Himalayas are major areas with endemic species.
Zoological Survey of India(ZSI)
• A premier organization founded in 1916 under its
mother institution Asiatic Society of Bengal. Currently
under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change.
• ZSI focuses on zoological research and studies promoting
research and exploration in fauna of the country.
• Recently ZSI released 75 Endemic Birds of India during
the Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav celebrations.
• The report stated that the highest number of endemic
species has been recorded in Western ghats.
Gold, silver regain sheen
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
Economic and Social Development- Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion,
Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives etc
Mains: General Studies Paper - 2
Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and
issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Multi Commodity Exchange of India (MCX) Endogamy linked to persistence of
• A commodity exchange in India established in 2003, harmful genetic variants
being regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board
of India.
• It is India’s largest commodity derivatives exchange,
which offers trading in gold, non ferrous metals,
bullion, energy and a number of agricultural products.
Maldives SC bars former President
Yameen from contesting September
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
Current events of national and international importance.
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07-08-2023
Mains: General Studies Paper - 2
Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s
interests, Indian diaspora.
Indo- Maldives relation
• India was one of the first countries to establish democratic
relations with Maldives after its independence in 1965.
• Given its strategic location in the Indian Ocean, Maldives
hold significant importance for India as part of its
Neighbourhood First policy.
Areas of Cooperation
• Political: Supporting each other in different multilateral
forums like the UN, the Commonwealth, the NAM and
the SAARC.
• Economic: Bilateral trade agreement between two
countries since 1981. India is now Maldives’ 2nd largest
trading partner.
• Defence: Both countries conduct joint combat exercises
like Ex Ekuverin.India also provided security assistance
to Maldives in the past, such as Operation Cactus, a
mission led by Indian Armed Forces in the Maldives in
1988, as well as dispatched relief supplies and aid after
the tsunami.
Challenges in the relation
• Political instability in Maldives
• Increased strategic presence of China as a competitor
• Maldives’ strategic location along major sea lanes in
the Indian Ocean and its vulnerability to piracy.
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
General Science
Mains: General Studies Paper - 2
Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to
Health, Education, Human Resources.
Endogamy
• The practice of marrying within a specific social, cultural,
or ethnic group, often with the aim of preserving
traditions, customs, and identity within that group.
FORTUNE IAS NEWS DAILY EXPLAINER 07-08-2023

Genotype India’s sugar surplus

• It refers to the genetic makeup of an organism.
• India surpassed Brazil and became the world’s top sugar
• Humans typically have two copies of each gene.
producer in 2021-2022.
• When an individual has 2 copies of the same variant, it
• India is the world’s largest consumer of sugar
is called homozygous genotype. Most genetic variants
• The excess production in India arises as a result
linked to major disorders are recessive in nature and
of measures that favour farmers like the central
exert effect in such genotypes.
government’s fair and remunerative price scheme(FRP)
• Heterozygous genotypes on other hand are different
and heavy subsidies provided by state governments.
variants, and are usually protective in nature.
• This led to higher exports of sugar, which attracted

Supernovae – the universe’s engines complaints against India in the World Trade Organisation
for violating international trade laws.
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
Current events of national and international importance.
• The major impact of excessive sugarcane production
is the depletion of groundwater in such sugarcane
Mains: General Studies Paper - 3 cultivation areas.
Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-
technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights. • To deal with the surplus issue the government launched
Supernova ethanol blended programme(EBP) in 2003.
• A supernova is the explosion of a star, the largest
Ethanol Blended Programme(EBP)
explosion that takes place in space.
• The government launched it in 2003, to popularize
• It occurs when there is a change in the core of a star.
5% ethanol blended petrol in 9 states and 4 union
• The change occurs in two different ways: In a binary
territories.
star system where 2 stars orbit the same point. One of
• It aims for reducing the country’s dependence on crude
the stars steals energy from the other and accumulates
oil imports, cutting carbon emissions and boosting
too much matter, leading to explosion and becoming
farmers’ incomes.
progenitors of supernovae. Secondly,at the end of a
• The Government of India has the target for 20% ethanol
single star’s lifetime, the core collapses and results in
blending in petrol by 2025. The target of achieving
the formation of a supernova.
average 10% blending was achieved in 2022.
• Supernovas play a key role in distributing elements
throughout the universe. PLACES IN NEWS
PLACE COUNTRY WHY IN NEWS?
KERCH STRAIT Connects the Black sea Attacks between Russia
Is India’s sugar surplus leading to a and sea of Azov [bordering and Ukraine
Russia and Crimea]
crisis? ISLAND OF LAMPEDUSA Italy Migrants' shipwreck
Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve India- Madhya Pradesh Tiger protection areas
Sanjay Dubri Tiger Reserve
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1 Nauradehi wildlife
Economic & Social Development – Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, sanctuary
Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.

KEY WORDS
Mains: General Studies Paper - 3
Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, - different types of
• PM recently launched the revamped Amrit Bharat
irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural stations
• Act East Policy
• Competition Commission of India

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